Study QUIZ (tissue, cell, terminology) Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
QUIZ (tissue, cell, terminology)

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Volkmann's Canals
Communicating canals connecting adjacent central canals, allowing blood flow between osteons
Canaliculi
Small communicating canals connecting the osteocytes within the lacunae to the central blood vessels. allow an oteocyte's fine cellular extensions to radiate closer to the blood vessels allowing better diffusion and access to nutrients
Lacunae
Spaces within the matrix housing the osteocytes. As the osteoblasts secrete matrix, they eventually surround themselves in a small space called a lacuna and are then referred to as osteocytes.
Lamellae
Concentric rings of bony matrix arranged around the central canal and resident blood vessels. Hollow spaces (lacunae) between the rings of matrix house the osteocytes.
Central Canal
Forms center of the osteon. Open space in bony matrix allowing passage of nourishing blood vessels and nerves. Run longitudinally through the bone.
Osteoclasts
Responsible for reabsorption of osseous tissue. Release acids onto bony matrix, dissolving and releasing calcium and phosphate minerals in the bone.
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts. Reside within the lacunae within the bone matrix. Responsible for maintenance of surrounding osseous tissue.
Osteoblasts
Active bone matrix forming cells. Responsible for producing the organic component of the matrix called the osteoid
Osteoprogenitor Cells
unspecialized bone cells derived from mesenchymal. Have potential to develop into active bone cells. Reside within the connective tissue surrounding the outside (periosteum) and inside (endosteum) of bone.
Osteon cell
Central canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, Volkmann's canals
Osseous Matrix
Matrix made up of water, protein fibers and calcium minerals. Provides tensile strength, hardness and resistance to compression.

Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Bone Compact Supportive Connective Tissue
Few spaces within bony matrix. Very regular arrangement of matrix and osseous cells. Concentric rings around a central canal. (tree stump)
Carilage Elastic Supportive Connective Tissue
Most flexible of cartilages.

Chrondrocytes

Elastic fibers (abundant)

Found: pinna of ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes, tip of nose

Function: support and maintain shape
Cartilage Fibrocartilage Supportive Connective Tissue
Strongest cartilage. Matrix mostly interwoven bundles of collagen fibers. Extremely durable and tough. Often confuse with Dense Regular CT, pay attention to lacunae (round, not flattened)

Chrondrocytes

Collagen fibers

Found: vertebral discs, pubic symphysis, knee (menisci)

Function: resist compression and prevent bone to bone contact, limit joint motion
Cartilage Hyaline Supportive Connective Tissue
Most abundant and weakest cartilage. Tough but somewhat flexible.

Chondrocytes (abundant)

Collagen fibers (not visible)

Found: ends of long bones, ends of ribs, nose, respiratory tract, embryonic skeleton

Function: provides stiff but somewhat flexible support and protection. Reduces friction
Dense Elastic Connective Tissue Proper
Fibroblasts

Elastic Fibers

Found: lung, arteries, trachea, bronchi, vocal chords, ligament of penis, between vertebrae

Function: provides elasticity and cushion
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Proper
Fibroblasts

Collagen fivers arranged at oblique angles to each other. Form interwoven network (swirled)

Found: dermis of skin, sheath covering bones (periosteum) and capsule around carious organs

Function: provides strength to resist force applied in carious directions
Dense Regular Connective Tissue Proper
Fibroblasts with squished cell shape

Collagen fibers densely packed and arranged in parallel to each other

Found: tendons, ligaments and aponeurosis (flat tendon sheet)

Function: provides strong attachment and stabilization
Loose Reticular Connective Tissue Proper
Fibroblast cells (hair net)

Reticular fibers

Found: liver, lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, pancreas

Function: provide supportive framework for soft tissues
Loose Adipose Connective Tissue Proper
Adipocytes are closely associated. Large lipid storing vacuole, causing nucleus to be displaced to edge of cell.

Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers

Found: subcutaneous layer of skin, around body organs, and in shaft of long bones

Function: reduce heat loss, protect and cushion, energy reserve
Loose Areolar Connective Tissue Proper
Cells widely spaced. Fibroblasts, macrophages, mesenchymal, adipocytes, lymphocytes, and mast

Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers

Found: subcutaneous layer of skin, dermis of skin, around organs, blood vessels, and nerves

Function: provide cushion and support while allowing mobility "packing material"
Endocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue

Endocrine Gland
Found:
Exocrine Apocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue

Apocrine Gland
Apical regions of cells are packed with secretory product and section pinches off to be released. Large volume, no cell death.

Found: mammary glands, ear (ceruminous) glands
Exocrine Merocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue

Merocrine Gland
Most common. Secrete product through process of exocytosis. Cells remain intact throughout secretory process, products diffuse through cell membrane into vesicles.

Found: sweat glands, salivary glands, and gastric glands
Exocrine Holocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue

Holocrine Gland
Whole cell (including nucleus) is released and ruptured to secrete product. Continuous cellular division and replacement of superficial cells.

Found: sebaceous oil glands within hair follicles
Transitional Epithelial Tissue
Multiple layers of cells of varying shapes (shape dependent on degree of stretch to tissue). When not stretched, apical cell are rounded (muffin tops) and basal cells are cuboidal or columnar. When stretched the apical cells are more elongated.

Found: lining the bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters

Function: allows tissue expansion and recoil without damage to the epithelium or restricting organ function.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue
Single layer of column shaped cells, all attached to basal membrane but not all reach the apical surface. Nuclei located at different levels with the cell, created a layered appearance. Often have cilia.

Found: lining trachea, nasal passages, bronchi

Function: secretion and movement of surface molecules (protection)
Stratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue
Multiple layers of column shaped cells. High cellularity.

Found:

Function:
Stratified Cubuoidal Epithelial Tissue
Multiple layers of cube shaped cells. High cellularity.

Found:

Function:
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Multiple layers of flattened cells (fried eggs). Cells at basal surface tend to be cuboidal or columnar and transition to squamous cells at the apcal surface. Can be keratinized and nonkeratinized.

Found: covers the body (skin), lines the mouth, throat, anus, vagina and esophagus

Function: protection (physical, chemical, infectious)
Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue
Single layer of column shaped cells. High cellularity. Nuclei closer to basal lamina.

Found: lining the intestine, stomach, and gallbladder

Function: protection, secretion, absorption
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
Single layer of cube shaped cells. High cellularity.

Found: in glands, kidney tubules, liver, and thyroid

Function: protection, secretion and absorption
Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Single layer of thin, flat, irregular shaped cells (fried eggs). High cellularity.

Found: lines blood vessels, body cavities, portions of kidney tubules

Function: protection and allows diffusion
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