Study Chemistry Chapter 1 Flash Cards

 
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Chemistry Chapter 1

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metalloid
along step ladder
semiconductors- Si, Ge
noble gases
group 18
non reactive
very stable
nonmetal
right side of table

poor conductor
metal
left side of periodic table

good conductor of heat/electricity, luster, ductile, malleable
period
horizontal rows (1-7)
group/family
vertical columns(1-18)
elemensts very similar to each other in a family
law of definite composition
a chemical contains the smae element in exactly the same proportion by mass regardless of size
compound
can be decomposed into 2 oe more simpler substances
element
cannot be decomposed by ordinary change
pure substance
same composition, canot be separated without changing substnacfe
homogeneous mixture
uniform in composition
heterogeneous mixture
not uniform throghout
mixture
blend of 2 or more kinds of matter
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created from one form to another; cannot be created or destroyed
potential energy
stored energy
kinetic engergy
energy of motion
energy
the ability to cause work or change
endothermic reaction
takes in heat
exothermic reaction
gives off heat
chemilumiinescence
gives off light
product
substances that are formed
reactant
substances that undergo change
chemical change/ chemical reaction
a change in which new different substances are formed
chemical property
ability of a substance to change its Identity
plasma
high temperature state in which atoms lose electrons (stars)
gas
indefinite volume, indefinite shape
lquid
definite volume, indefinite shape
solid
definite volume, definite shape
change of state
physical change fro one state to another
physical change
any change that odes not cahnge identity of substance (meltingm cutting wire, boiling)
physical property
can be observed or measure without altering identity of substance (color,weight)
Intensive properties
does NOT depend on amount of matter (melting & boiling point)
extensive properties
depends on amount of matter (volume,mass)
law of conservation of mass(matter)
matter can neither be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions
intertia
resistance to change of motion
matter
anything that hass mass and takes up space
mass
measure of the amount of matter in a substance
weight
measure of the Earth's gravitational pull for matter
element
a pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
atom
smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of it
chemical
any substance that has a specific composition

ex:CO2, sucrose, H2O
technological developement
production and use of products that improve our quality of lfe
applied research
meant to solve a problem
basic research
meant to increase knoledge
theoretical chemistry
the use of mathematics and computers ti understand the principles begind observed chemical behavior and the design and predict the properties of new compounds
biochemistry
the study of substances and processees occuring in living things
analytical chemistry
the identification of the componenet and composition of materials
physical chemistry
the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Inorganic Chemistry
the study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly those compounds that do not contain carbon
Organic Chemistry
the study of most carbon containing products
Chemistry
the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and hte changes it undergoes
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