Study ANSI 379 CH.2-6 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
ANSI 379 CH.2-6

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Pancreatic enzymes in the duodenum breakdown what?
fat
Dogs and cats do not have the enzyme amylase in the ______.
saliva
Dogs and cats have how many pairs of salivary glands?
4
Birds have two pouches called ceca that empty into a ______.
cloaca
Rabbits have large _______.
cecum
Horses dont have a _______.
gall bladder
Non-ruminant animals are?
single stomached
Ruminant animals are?
forage consuming - cows
Two types of digestive systems are?
ruminant and nonruminat
What are the 9 micro minerals?
iron
copper - excess causes liver failure
iodine - symptom of deficiency is goiter
cobalt
fluorine
manganese
zine - toxicity = hemolytic anemia
molybdenum
selenium
What are the 7 macro minerals?
calcium- teeth
phosphorus
sodium
chlorine
sulfur
magnesium- too much = crystals in feline bladders
There are 7 major or macro minerals that are needed in the largest quantity and nine ______ microminerals that are needed in these amts.
trace
Vitamin B12 is _________.
cobalamin
Vitamin B2 is ________.
riboflavin
Vitamin B1 is ______.
thiamine
Vitamin C is _________.
ascorbic acid
______ vitamins are not stored well in the body
water soluble
The four most important vitamins are:
ADEK
This vitamin is for maintaining normal blood coagulation and respiratory health
K
This vitamin is for reproductive and fetal health.
E
This vitamin provides sunlight.
D
This vitamin is for vision, respiratory, digestive, reproductive health.
A
_______ vitamins can be stored and accumulated in the liver and fatty tissues.
fat soluble
These are classified based on solubility. Although necessary for bodily functions and stability, they do not build body tissues.
vitamins
What is the most common source of fat used in dog and cat foods although beef tallow and pork lard are used also.
poultry
Fats provide energy, help absorb the fat soluble vitamins, provide fatty acids, provide texture, and enhance ___ of food.
palatability
Fats have _______ times more energy than carbs and protein.
2.25
This disaccharide is in lactose is 1 glucose with 1 what?
galactose
This monosaccharide is an end product of starch digestion?
glucose
Carbohydrate constituents in pet foods, commonly representing up to ____ ingredients in canned and up to nearly ___ in dry pet foods.
1/3; 2/3
Plant proteins such as what are also used in dog foods?
soybean meal
What is a unique amino acid that is not incorporated into proteins but is found as a free amino acid in tissues? Cats can not synthesize it. Only found in animal tissues such as red meat, poultry, fish and shellfish.
taurine
What are able to synthesize all the amino acids that they need if one of the amino acids is supplied in the feed in a high enough quantity?
ruminants
There are ____ amino acids found in animal feed, of these, _____ are essential meaning they are needed because the body cannot make them.
25; 10 or 11
Proteins are broken down into amino acids and carried around the body to do what?
develop and repair organs and tissues; produce milk, wool, eggs; develop the fetus; generate enzymes and hormones; develop antibodies; transmitting DNA
The most expensive major component of pet diets. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
proteins
What are water's functions?
transports nutrients, regulates temperature, eliminates wastes, lubricates joints
What are 3 sources of water?
that which they drink, component of food digested, metabolic water which derived from the digestive breakdown of carbs, fats and proteins. This is the primary source of water for animals during hibernation.
The most important nutrient group is?
water - 55-65% of whole body
What are the six nutrient groups?
water, proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins,minerals
What should do when handling birds?
transport in empty cage, cover with warm towel if cold outside, divert attention and restrain from behind,,,, stabilize head first then wings in hand, 2 hands for larger birds... sometimes leather gloves for portection
What is needed for rats and mice?
gloves, tail (close to body)/and scruff, can/tunnel, wire screen/mesh
What should you do when handling rabbits?
scruff and support body with other hand, tuck into elbow and carry, never lift by ears, always place back into cage with rear legs first so they dont jump
What should you never do with rabbits?
never place on slippery surface, they can injure back by pushing with back legs
What are some blood drawing or examination positions for cats?
jugular blood draw position, femoral vein position, cephalic vein position (front leg)
What are some equipment that should be used to restrain a cat at clinic?
carriers with towel; towels, zipper canvas bag, rack out position (scruff and back legs), head with fingers/thumb, muzzle or e-collar, removal from cage, chemical sedatives
What are the two rules to know about cats?
always close doors and windows and all escape routes.; recognize body language and when enough is enough
Blood drawing or examination position for orthopedic or abdominal exam is? (for dogs)
lateral restraint
Blood drawing or examination position for cephalic vein or lateral saphenous vein is? (for dogs)
leg/neck hold
Blood drawing or examination position for jugular vein is? (for dogs)
head/neck hold
What are some equipment that should be used to restrain a dog at clinic?
carriers/crates, seat belts, restrain table, muzzles, e-collars, catch poles, double leashes, chemical sedatives
What should you never let the owners do when they bring their dogs to the clinic?
do not let them restrain
Use extra caution with what kind of dogs and what should you do?
older arthritic dogs, injured painful dogs, whenever taking x-rays; put muzzles on
List some typical breeds to be extra cautious around:
Pomeranian, poodles, chihuahuas, most large breeds, dalmatians, cockers
Scabies and chiggers are what?
mites and parasites
Brucellosis can be found with what kind of animals?
cows
Moist soil, bird or bat droppings (skin and lung lesions)
blasto
What effects does ringworm cause on animals and humans?
aka dermatophytosis; animals suffer hair loss and humans have a ring like appear where the ringworm is at
Spread by direct or indirect contact with the fungus on the skin or hair of an infected animal (dogs, cats, rodents), humans get red, round, scaly, encrusted lesions on the skin.
ringworm - a fungus not a worm
Wild animals more serious threat of infection (raccoons, skunks, and bats).
rabies
What type of tape worms do fox, coyotes, and mice get? and What type do sheep get?
echinococcus multilocularis; echinococcus granuosus
Infect humans via ticks or direct contact with sick animal (rabbit or cat). Causes an enlarged lymph node and ulcer at site of infection.
tularemia/rabbit fever
Bacteria spread by ticks, causes flu like symptoms and a bulls eye rash in humans 3-32 days after tick bite.
lyme disease
Bacteria spread by ticks, causes flu like symptoms in humans.
RMSF - rocky mountain spotted fever
The sale of what kind of animals were banned because of salmonella?
small turtles
Symptoms occur 12-72 hours after infection... spread by dogs, cats, birds, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats mice, rabbits, turtles.
salmonella
Spread by bites or scratches of young flea ridden cats. Most humans are immune-compromised adults or young children.
cat-scratch fever
Spread by parrots, budgerigars, and other related birds, through the fecal dust, there is a blood test. The humans develop coughing, chest pains, fever, chills, vomiting, etc.
Psittacosis
How many different types of tapeworms are there? Which is most contagious to humans?
4 types; echinococcus multilocularis
Parasite that can cause cysts in the human liver. Sheep or rodent life cycle. 50-75% fatality.
tapeworms
Another stool parasite, larvae can penetrate skin. (puppies and kittens mostly but any age can have them)
hookworms
Roundworm in the stool of soil (puppies and kittens mostly)
ascarids
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