Study Journ 300 Flash Cards
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Journ 300
Journ 300
| resources in california |
|
-cali first amendment coalition
-californians aware |
| california shield law |
| right to refuse to testify in court. |
| Copyright |
|
-protects itelectual property
-ideas and facts cannot be copyrighted -eventually expire -fair use |
| invasion of privacy |
|
-intrustion into a person's solitude
-putting peopel in a false light -commercial appropriation |
| Libel Defenses |
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-truth
-privileges -statute of limiations -california retraction law |
| What is a public figure |
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-difference between officials and figures
-pervasive public figured -limited public figured -involuntary public figures |
| What is negligence |
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resonable reporter standard
-actual malice standard - - |
| Damage to reputation |
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-accusations of crime
-harming ability to conduct business -accusation of serious immortality -accusation of having a loathsome disease |
| Elements of Libel |
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-publication
-identification -falsity -negligence -damage to reputation |
| Libel |
| -printed defamation of character |
| Areas of Concern with Journalism and the law |
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-Libel
-Invasion of Privacy -Copyright |
| TV news formats |
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-reader copy
-voice-overs voice-overs to soundbite -package stories -live shots |
| radio news formats |
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-written copy/voiceers
-sound bites -wraparound -mini-documentary |
| when news breaks |
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-find out what is going on
-get in position to get good visuals -creation package -need to be versatile |
| Broadcast journalist |
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-importance of timeliness
-information vs. explanation -visual or audio impact |
| graphic journalist |
|
trained in coveying a lot of information visually
-types of graphics; charts, illustrations, explanatory |
| page designers |
|
-assemble all the pieces into coherent package
-skilled in computer design -must understand news valus -deadline oriented -design in publication's personality |
| digital photography |
|
-no more waiting for film to process
-saves $ -can transmit photos from fields -digital darkrooms-pluses and minuses |
| Picture Composition |
|
-requires trainign and practice
-action is better -facial expressions make the picture -capturing a true moment in time |
| fucntions in photojournalism |
|
-illustration
-context -supplies visual clues |
| trends in visual journalism |
|
-more is better
-teechnology makes it easier -better training in visuals -impact of the internet |
| BLOGS |
|
-important part of new media landscape
-great potential, but most have very limited audiences -are they journalism? it depends. |
| News site ownership |
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-extensions of "traditional" news media
-Web-only publications |
| sources of news on the WWW |
|
-Shovelware
-moderate updating -agressive updating -original content |
| strengths of the www |
|
-capacity
-flexibility -immediacy -variety -expansion -context -permanence -interactivity |
| Freelancing |
|
-control your destiny
-must be really self-motivated |
| types of magazine stories |
|
-extended feature stories
-personality profiles -analysis and interpretion IR -literary journalism -travel |
| Key Jobs |
|
-Publisher
-Editor -managing editor -section editors -design/art director |
| Magazine organization |
|
the magazine triad
-Editorial -Audience -Advertising |
| types of magazines |
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-consumer
-business,trade, professional -sponsored, association, or company -"zines" |
| Difficulties in working in a magazine |
|
-exceedingly high standards
-extremely competetive -frequency of title failure -often elements of drudge work -pay is not all that great |
| why some writers prefer magazines |
|
-not burdened with daily deadlines
-ability to write about more intersting things -better story display -more prestegious -allows more creativity and story telling -more impact on audience |
| Magazines-How they differ |
|
-Opportunity to explore subject in depth
-often carry a tone -speculization -less frequent deadlines |
| network news |
|
-developed from network radio news
-once highly popular -influence/audience was waned with fracturing of media audiences (paritcularly the growth of cable TV) -Newsmagazines |
| Television |
|
-1,600 high-poer and 1,600 low-power stations
-highly profitable -emphasis on entertainment -affiliated with networks -local news |
| Threats to radio |
|
-satelitte
-internet radio |
| national public rado |
|
-more than 500 NPS affiliates
-Known for depth of coverage -main news programs |
| overview of radio |
|
-12,000 stations
-as many as 500million radio receivers -radio formats -radio structure |
| Weaknesses of Broadcasting |
|
-Less reliance on reporting more reliance on pundits
-Short and Shallow -Pictures/audio drive story -Emphasize the superficial rather than the substantial -overuse of cliches |
| Strengths of Broadcasting |
|
-Impact
-Immediacy -Visuals -Passive-engagement -A "shared" medium |
| The Business Side |
|
-Advertising
-Circulation -Production -Accounting/HR |
| Inside the newsroom |
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-Organiziation
-Copy Flow -The editorial page |
| The Newspaper Industry |
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-Clustering-the Bay Area example
-Concentration of ownership -Number of newspaper 2004-1,000 and about 57,000 circulation -Circulation peaked. -Newspaper readership -Demographics |
| The Internet |
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-Tim Berners-Lee
-News on demand -Media convergence -Effect in print journalsim - Still playing out |
| Television Changes everything |
|
-Technical questions delayed its roll-out
-Douglas Edwards, Camel Caravan -Huntley-Brinkley Report -JFK Assasination -CNN |
| 4 Notable early radio broadcasters |
|
-Lowell Thomas
-Dorothy parker -Walter Winchell -Edward R. Murrow |
| Advent of Broadcasting |
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-First station in 1920
-Explosive Growth -FCC |
| Growth of Advertising |
|
-Made newspapers "independent"
-Decline in competition |
| Muckrakers |
|
investigations societal issues
-Ida Wells *womens rights activist-against lynching -Lincoln Steffens *soviet union -Upton Sinclair *The jungle |
| Stunt Journalism |
|
San Fran Examiner
-Nellie Bly *faked insanity to get itno a mental institution. Worked for Pulitizers MAG New York World *Also did around the world in eighty days |
| Adolph Ochs |
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-Buys the New York Times
-All the news that's fit to print -Respectable journalism -brought he paper back to having respect |
| Hearst-Pulitzer Newspaper wat |
|
-Sensationalism
*loud, false -Jingoism *extreme patriotism in the form of agressive foreign policy -The Spanish-American War -All done to boost circulations |
| William Randolph Hearst |
|
-San Fran Examiner
-New York Journal -Steals Pulitzers Staff -Tries to our-Pulitizer |
| Joseph Pulitzer |
|
-New York World
-Illustrations -Promised better news coverage -Crusades -Yellow kid and yellow journalism -later years |
|
HISTORY since the CIVIL WAR
Names to know.. |
|
Charles Dana
-Journalist New York Tribune during Civil War James Gordon Bennett Jr. -Publisher New York Herald during civil war E.L. Godkin -Publicist New York Times |
| McCarthyism and Press Complicity-BACKROUND |
|
-A Cold war well under way
-Americans afraid of Russia and Communism -Republicans accuse Democrats of being "soft on communism" -McCarthy on speaking on tour says he has 205 names of communist in government -continued to build on this when he saw the attention it recieved. |
| The Civil War |
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-Public craved information about the war
-Heavily covered -Military secrets revealed -Casuality lists -Illustrations of war |
| Antebellum Journalism (pre-war) |
|
-Abolition Journalism
*places-> -Lundy -Garrison -Douglass |
| Jordon Gordon Bennett |
|
-Language of the common folks
-politically independent -emphasis on crime news -wanted the story first -womens new -sports -personals |
| The Penny Press, 1830 |
|
-Development of rotary press
-Newspapers sold by the copt, rather than subscription -Early attemptys; Horace Greeley, Benjamin Day -Less interest in poltiics, more in human interest -the new york sun -sold them for only a penny instead of 6 cents |
| The Partisan Era |
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-The Federalist papers
-Newspapers conrolled by factions -Government subsides -By subrscription -Alien and Sedition Acts -Coverage of Congress |
| Three things that led to The Revolution |
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-The Stamp Act
-Adams and Paine -Intolerance *James Rivington -opened a shop in philly, great journalist but wrote a lot about his disagreement with the government and did many satires. |
| Benjamin Franklin |
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-First prominent US Journalist
-Pennsylvania Gazette -Helped other publishers across the colonies -Included advertising -Large influence |
| Three Early American Journalism |
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_Publick Occurences, 1690
-Boston News-Letter -New England Courant |
| Two Early English newspapers |
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-Henry's Muddiman's Oxford Gazette
-Elizabeth Mallett's Daily Courant |
| Martin Luther |
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-95 Theses, 1617
*gave way to protestinism and reformed catholics into christianity -Printing made it possile to teach mass audiences -Protestant Reformation |
| Middle Ages |
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-Dominance of the Catholic Church
-Invention of the Printing Press in 1456 |
| Rome |
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-Vast Empire
-Acta Diurna, 59 BC *posted outcomes of trial on rocks or metal and let public view them -Postal Roads |
| Earliest Writings |
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1-Sumerians, 3000 BC
2-Phoenicians 1050 BC 3-Greeks, 1000 BC |
| HISTORY OUTLINE PART 2 |
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-the penny press
-greenley -day -bennett -the telegraph -antebellum journalism -the civil war |
| HISTORY OUTLINE PART 1 |
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-the sumerians
-the phonicians -the greeks -the romans -the middle ages -guttenberg -luther -muddlamn -mallett -harris -campbell -james franklin -ben franklin -the stamp act rivington -the federalist papers -early partisanship |
| 20th Century |
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-press starts to develop a conscience
-resistance to embrace resposibility -resisitant to government intervention -Henry Luce's commission study *1930s powerful/innitiotive communicator *founder of time magazine |
| Social Responsibility Theory of the press/ Libertarian theory of the press |
|
William Peter Hamilton quote.
What Liberalism is- information is knowledge and knowledge is power. -John Milton contribution to freedom of expression theory. -The first amendment involved this-freedom of the press- -If not harmful to another, then no authority should restrict it. -Truth has a unique power |
| Possible Solutions |
|
-New media reconnecting with their communitites
-serious stories focusing on issues that affect people's lives -coveral all randes of the demographic spectrum -owners need to be willing to accept lower profit margins |
| The Mean World Syndrome |
|
-George gerbner of University of Pen came up with this
- People think that life is much more dangerous that it really is. -comes from depictions on TV, both in entertainment and news |
| What happened to serious news? |
|
-It is expensive to report and produce
-cheaper to have pundits ponfificating -ignores research that indicated providing serious, comprehensive news builds audience-both in print and broadcast |
| The pressure to hype |
|
-Hype is a tendency to use sensationalism and titillation to boost ratings or build circulation.
-difficult to build audience loyalty this way -need more serious, systematic approach to news coverage |
| The problems of targeted demographics |
|
-try to grow circulation in attractive areas only and News coverage tens to focus on those communities.
-Pooer communities with real social problems get ignored. -younger readers are ignored-writing off future customers -creation of an incomplete "map" |
| Principle |
|
-Journalist should keep the news comprehensive and in proportion.
-Cover whole communities -Give a story only the attention it deserves |
| Industry Profit Margins |
| Newspapers is at 16 |
| Five requirements for a free and respossible press |
|
-A truthful, comprehensive, and itellifent account of the days events in a context which gives them meaning.
-A forum for the exchange of comment and criticism -the projection of a representative picture of the constituent groups in the society -Presentation and clarification of the goals and values of society -full acess to the day's intelligence |
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