Study Earth Science Chap 14 Review Flash Cards

 
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Earth Science Chap 14 Review

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Where is Krakatau? How was it formed?
Krakatau is a volcanic island in the Indonesian chain, and was formed by the subduction of the Indian Plate under the Eurasian Plate.
Vesuvius and other volcanoes of the Mediterranean are caused by what?
the subduction of the African Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate
Where is Kilauea?
Kilauea is a shiled volcano on the island of Hawaii
where is Eldfell?
Eldfell is a volcanic mountain on Heimaey, a small island off the south coast of Iceland located near the mid-Atlantic Ridge
a small batholith in which less than 100 square kilometers is exposed at the surface
stock
the largest of all igneous intrusions that formed the cores of many of earth's mountain ranges.
batholiths
the plug of hardened magma left in the vent from which lava flowed
volcanic neck
magmas bulge upward to form a domelike mass due to the stiffness of the magma
laccoliths
sheets of igneous rock that are parallel to the layers they intrude
sills
sheets of igneous rock that cut across the rock layers they intrude
dikes
where do rift eruptions occur?
at long, narrow fractures in the crust
the opening through which magma erupts
volcano
what are the examples of plutons?
dikes, sills, laccoliths, volcanic necks, batholiths, and stocks
what are plutons?
the rock masses that form when magma cools inside other rocks. aka igneous intrusions
how does the moon, Mars, and Io show evidence of plate tectonics?
they don't.
how does Io show evidence of volcanic activity?
Io has over 100 volcanoes
how does Mars show evidence of volcanic activity?
Mars has a number of volcanic cones
how does the moon show evidence of volcanic activity?
the moon has extensive lava flows
what shows evidence of extraterrestrial volcanism?
the moon, Mars, and Jupiter's moon Io
Vesuvius, Krakatau, Crater Lake, and Mount Pinatubo occurred where?
subduction boundaries
Kilauea is an example of what eruption?
hot spot eruption
Mount St. Helens is an example of what eruption?
subduction boundary eruption
Eldfell is an example of what eruption?
rift eruption
__________ form a string of volcanoes in the middle of moving lithospheric plates. The Hawaiian Islands are an example
hot spots
what results from the magma at subduction boundaries?
explosive eruptions of tephra that form cinder cones
what are features of subduction boundary eruptions?
island chains and young mountains
when the basalt of plateaus and other thick lava flows on land cool, they may display a unique pattern of closely packed, six-sided columns called...?
columnar jointing
what can result from a rift eruption on land?
shield cones or huge lava plateaus.
how does the lava behave at rift eruptions?
lava flows out smoothly at rift eruptions on seafloor or on land
what are the examples of tephra?
ash, lapilli, blocks, and bombs
what are the solid fragments of lava called?
tephra
what makes magma explosive or not?
the amount of gas within the magma that either escapes easily or cannot escape easily
what kind of magma is poor in silica, thin, dark colored, fast moving, and pour out onto the surface smoothly?
mafic
what kind of magma is rich in silica, thick, light colored, slow moving, and explosive?
felsic
what is lava?
molten rock that reaches the surface
what is magma?
molten rock underground
where is rock melted?
the asthenosphere and at plate boundaries
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