Study Earth Science: Chapter 13 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Earth Science: Chapter 13

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what are three evidences of a terrane?
1. bounded on all sides by major faults
2. foreign rocks and fossils
3. foreign magnetic polarity
how is there coal in antarctica?
although antarctica has no plants, it could have had a warmer climate when it was part of pandaea
describe the north american craton
it shows the approximate shape of the continent 2.5 billion years ago
how was the mariana trench created?
when the pacific plate subdeucted under the philippine plate.
how are faults created?
at the boundaries of some areas, the lithospheric plates slide past eachother, causing faults.
where does the pattern of magnetic polarity, mid-ocean ridges, and heat flow occur?
diverging boundaries
what does subducting mean?
to pull or draw downward
what are spreading centers?
the place in lithospheric plates where lava wells up, creating new rocks, that push older rocks away.
how are earthquakes and volcanoes related to plate boundaries?
the belts where earthquakes and volcanoes are located mark where the plate boundaries are
what is the continental drift theory?
the theory of continental drift is the suggestion that africa and south america was once one continent, but broke and moved apart.
what is convergent boundaries: subduction?
one plate plunges underneath another forming a deep sea trench or volcanic islands

ex. mariana trench and mariana islands formed from the pacific plate subducting under the philippine plate
what is convergent boundaries: collision?
land is pushed upward to form mountain ranges

ex. himalayas, ural mountains (siberia and europe)
what is sliding boundaries?
fault-lines cracks along which one plate slides past another

ex. sand andrewas fault: pacific plate is sliding past north american plate
what is diverging boundaries?
when two plates move apart and create fracture zones.

ex. mid-atlantic ridge results from north american plate and eurasion plate seperating, south american plate and african plate seperating
name the kinds of plate boundaries
diverging, sliding, convergent
first, large continent
pangaea
3 evidences of plate tectonics
1. fossil remains of the mesasaurus are found on the south american continent and the african continent, but nowhere else
2. earthquakes and volcanoes do not occur randomly, but at plate boundaries
3. magnetic poles have been reversed 4 times because of movement of lithospheric plates. it is recorded in rock because spreading centers form new rock.
how does the plates of the lithosphere move around?
as heated magma rises from the earth's core, convection currents move the plates of the lithosphere around
the upper layer of the mantle
asthenosphere
the study of the movements and the formation of the plates
plate tectonics
the earth's crust
lithosphere
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