Study Pathology Test 1 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Pathology Test 1

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diverticula occur most commonly where
sigmoid colon
diverticula usually occur in what shape
clusters
fatal accidents are more common among what sex
males
what is a complication of diverticular disease of the colon resulting in inflammation and infection
diverticulitis
what type of diet can results in diverticulosis
low fiber
what are described as outpouching that represents acquired herniations of mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layers at points of weakness in the bowel wall
diverticulosis
what can save an infant from having major abdominal surgery because the procedure can reverse the condition
barium enema
what is the most useful exam in demonstrating intessusception
barium enema (BE)
what happens if intesussception is not treated within 24 hours
the bowel can become gangrenous
what is the telescoping of a bowel into an adjacent distal portion
intessusception
gastric ulcers on a UGI appear as what when viewed tangentially
out pouching
perforation due to peptic ulcers occurs about how often
5% of the time
what are the most common form of peptic ulcers
duodenal ulcer
pyloris and duodenum are particularly affected by hydrochloric acid and proteolytic enzymes because of what
their horizontal position
what is a chronic injury of the gastric and duedenal mucosa due to the effects of hydrochloric acid and proteolytic enzymes
peptic ulcers
what is a break in the bone that causes no disruption of the bone alignment
non displaced fracture
what is the most common type of fracture affecting the lower back
compression fracture
what is an incomplete fracture that the break occurs on the convex surface of the bend of the bone
green stick fracture
what are the two prognoses for an open or compound fracture
1. surgery-
open reduction internal fixation
open reduction external fixation
2. closed reduction-
external manipulation to set the bone
how are open fractures classified
by the size of the opening of the skin
what type of fracture is accompanied by an open wound through which the bone may protrude
open or compound fracture
what is the most serious complication of paget's disease
development of osteosarcoma
in the early stages of this disease the bones become softened because of osteoclastic resorption and thickened bones tend to bend
paget's disease
what sex and age is paget's disease most common
males over the age of 40
this disease is characterized by bone deformity especially in long bones of the lower limbs, pelvis, lumbar vertebrae, and the skull
paget's disease
what disease has a destruction of bone followed by a reparative process resulting in weakened, deformed, and thickened bony structures that tend to fracture easily
paget's disease
what is one of the most common chronic diseases of the skeleton
paget's disease
where does the first effects of secondary gout occur
the first MTPJ of the great toe
what is the cause of secondary gout
overproduction of uric acid
what are the two types of gout
primary & secondary gout
what is a disorder of purine metabolism in which an increase in the blood levels of uric acid leads to the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, cartilage, and kidneys
gout
what level of kVp is used on persons with osteoporosis
lowest practical kVp
how much of the bone density must be lost before it can be demonstrated as a lucent area on routine radiographs
30%
what are the classifications of trauma
mechanical
thermal
chemical
radiation
what are the two types of osteoporosis
primary and secondary
what type of osteoporosis is by far the most common type and affects elderly persons and leaves the bones very susceptible to fracture
senile osteoporosis
what type of osteoporosis is related to the lack of estrogen which is necessary to stimulate production of new osteoblast.
postmenopausal osteoporosis
what type of osteoporosis afflicts younger people and is usually idiopathic rather than metabolic
juvenile osteoporosis
idiopathic osteoporosis is identified according to what
age of onset
this condition may also be described as a reduction in the amount of calcified bone mass per unit volume of skeletal tissue, resulting in porous and brittle bones
osteoporosis
what is a condition characterized by a loss of bone density or rare faction of bone
osteoporosis
common examples of what illness are URI, accidents, and heart attacks
chronic illnesses
what is the CNS consisted of
brain & spinal cord
what do the endocrine glands secrete
hormones
what is the system which is a biochemical communication network through which several small glands control a broad range of vital body activities
endocrine system
what system controls the rythmic contractions of the heart
autonomic nervous system
at what age does menstration occur
between the ages of 11 & 15
what are male germ cells called
spermatozoa
sperm production begins at what age
13
what is the functional unit of the kidneys
nephron
what does the urinary system consists of
kidney
ureters
bladder
urethra
what is the system thats major is the oxygenation of blood and the removal of waste products of the body in the form of carbon dioxide
respiratory system
what are the tubular structures responsibble for conducting air from the outside of the body into the lungs
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
what system of the body is dependent on the endocrine and exocrine glands
digestive system
what systems basic function is to alter the chemical & physical composition of food so that it can be absorbed by the body's cells
digestive system
what is the skeletal system responsible for
body support
protection
movement
blood cell production
the skeletal system is comprised of how many bones
206
what are the two types of connective tissue the skeletal system is composed of
bone and cartilage
how do secondary wounds heal
from the base to the surface
what type of wound would heal with a secondary union
a wound in which tissue has been avulsed or gouged out from the skin surface leaving a gaping depression with the edges far apart
what type of wound would heal with a primary union
surgical incision with the edges of the incision close together
what are the two catagories of wound repair
primary union
secondary union
which type of tissue repair results in the original structure and function of the cell is not restored
fibrous connective tissue repair
what type of tissue repair is also known as scarring or fibrosis
fibrous connective tissue repair
what is the most popular type of tissue repair
regeneration
what are the two primary types of tissue repair
regeneration
fibrous connective tissue repair
what is defined as the body's attempt to return to normal
tissue repair
what type of tissue disruption results from a injury due to traumatic events
traumatic
what type of tissue disruption results from a surgical procedure
surgical
what type of tissue disruption results from a disease process
pathological
what type of cells are most susceptible to radiation injury
continually dividing cells
what type of people are most susceptible to chronic skin changes due to radiation from sunlight
fair skinned out door people
what is the most common source of radiation injury
sunlight
what is the injury called that is caused by energy transmitted by waves
radiation
what is necrosis of tissue due to freezing
frostbite
what type of burn destroys the epidermis and dermis layer down to the subcutaneous tissue and are charred and dry
3rd degree burns
what type of burns can regeneration of the epithelium occur
1st degree and some 2nd degree burns
what type of burns destroy the epidermis and upper dermis and are red and moist
2nd degree
what type of burns are limited to the epidermis and are red, painfull, and dry
1st degree
what type of burns are very common and heal by regeneration of the surface epithelium without residual effects
minor small burns
what type of injuries most commonly occur as burns
thermal injuries
if a smoker and exposed to asbestos what is the risk of lung cancer compared to a non smoker not exposed to asbestos
100 times the risk
persons exposed to asbestos have how many times the risk of developing lung cancer as unexposed persons
10 times the risk
what is the most important cause of cancer of the lung
smoking tobacco
what are the chemicals called that can lead to the formation of tumors in both humans and animals
carcinogens
what is trauma or injury caused by chemical agents called
chemical trauma
what is the age in which trauma is the leading cause of death
1-14 years old
what is a wound called caused by a flying object such as a stone, arrow, and bullet
missle wound
what is trauma caused by objects called
mechanical trauma
what is most often responsible for traumatic death
automobile accidents
what is the 5th leading cause of death and is responsibly for 4 out of every 100 deaths
trauma
what is a small, round shadow seen in xrays of the lungs that may indicate TB, cancer or other diseases
coin
any morbid change in the structure or function of tissues due to injury
lesion
the formation and growth of a tumor or new tissue
neoplasia
a wasting, progressive degeneration and loss of function of any part of the body
atrophy
swelling of any part of the body due to collection of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the tissue
edema
a tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury, marked by localized heat, swelling, readiness, pain, and sometimes loss of function
inflammation
the predicted course of a disease as well as the prospects for recovery
prognosis
the process of assigning a name to a patient's condition
diagnosis
what is a condition having a define collection or constellation of lesions, signs, or symptoms that are not always necessarily due to the same agent
syndrome
what is a manifestation that can be detected by the physician upon examination
objective symptoms
what is a manifestation of disease by the patient
subjective symptoms
what are the two types of symptoms
subjective
objective
what are changes that are percieved by the patient
symptoms
what refers to injury caused by extrinsic forces, particularly when associated with an accident or violence
trauma
what is the science dealing with the causes of disease
etiology
what is the development of morbid conditions of disease
pathogenesis
what type of illness is more common during infancy and childhood
chronic illness
any illness is one that lasts weeks, months, years, or even lifetime
chronic
any illness that has a sudden onset and severe symptoms and runs a short, severe course
acute
what is the bodies response to some type of injury
disease
any abnormal change that may take place in the body
disease
what is the scientific study of disease that descibes the cause, course, and termination of disease as well as the nature of it's lesions
pathology
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