Study SOC 3101 Flash Cards

 
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SOC 3101

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for every case that a prosecutor drops, 20 cases are dropped by the police due to the lack of evidence
True
admisipol evidence
legally obtained by an illegal search
informal criteria
1.
2. danger of offender
3. relation of victim to offender
formal criteria
1. bail
2. grand jury
3. trial
4. plea negotiation
5. sentence negotiation
who has more control over life and liberty than any other person in america
prosecutor
only 1 in 10 people arrested go to jail
True
district attorneys
all are elected, they must lean toward crime prevention,
prosecutor
the representative and advocate of governments, files charges, negotiates guilty pleas
trial courts
good training grounds
defendants
outside of workgroup, including their own voice
What are the norms of a courtroom work group?
harmony not conflict
Can you petition to go to the Supreme court?
Yes
No constitutional right to appeal to the US supreme court
True
How does the supreme court decide which cases to take?
1. conflict between the federal circuit courts
2. unresolved constitutional question
3. already decided that they want to reconsider
How many cases are tried in a courtroom?
5/100
informal
not in a courtroom where people can see it, justice by consent not by trial
formal
ideal, everyone can come and see, no secret areas, people can see rules apply. "they can fight hard but they have to fight fair"
What are the most important amendments to remember with police encounters?
4th, 5th, 6th
Calls to the police come on hot days at the hottest time
True
When cops drove around in a high crime unpredicted area for 3 hrs a day, what happened to robbery, overall crime rates, and fights and disturbances?
Robbery fell 20%
Crime overall fell 13%
Fights and disturbances fell 50%
Root causes of crime
solution to crime is not by solving cases, to reduce poverty, improved education, reduce racial inequality, this would help. police cannot affect the "root cause" of the crime
moderate cases
detectives play a huge role
strong cases
lots of evidence, prosecutors are not needed
weak cases
very little evidence
what are 3 kinds of cases?
weak cases
strong cases
moderate evidence cases
Why do detectives not solve most cases?
because they are not the ones who made the arrest, cops do
who makes the most arrests?
patrol officers
order of mission
1. do something
2. settle problems
3. right now
friendly fire
cop shoots his partner on accident
patrol
to walk or paddle in dirty water
Which is a finding about public defenders?

A. as successful as private lawyers in obtaining favorable outcomes for their clients
B. not compensated as well as prosecutors
C. received less support staff and services as prosecutors
D. took longer to dispose of their cases
A.
___% of poor defendants see a lawyer before they appear in court
5%
Which is true of consequences of charging a person with a crime?

A. none, if they're not convicted
B. Their families suffer, but only if defendants are convicted
Neither
Illegally obtained evidence accounts for most of the cases prosecutors dismiss
False
Which criterion is most important in the prosecutor's decision to charge?

A. seriousness of the offense charged?
B. dangerousness of the defendant
C. relationship of the defendant to the victim
D. strength of the case (evidence)
D.
Which decision gives prosecutors most control over people?
Charging
Empirical evidence regarding defense counsel shows

A. they can effectively defend clients they've never seen before and probably won't see again
B. if they drive hard bargains for their clients, they'll damage their good relations with prosecutors
A.
Formal mission of defense counsel

A. negotiate the best deal for her clients
B. get along with the other work group members
C. Defend their clients vigorously and effectively
D. advance their career
C.
The formal missions of the prosecutor include

A. do justice
B. win cases
C. efficiency
D. Harmony
A.
Which is true of local prosecutors?

A. They're the most powerful member of the work group
B. They're appointed by the governor
A.
Which is true of work group judges?

A. most are elected
B. gender affects decision making
A.
Which is true of the courtroom work group?

A. defendants are outsiders to except to their own lawyers
B. most cases take considerable time to decide
Neither
Recent empirical research has demonstrated that there are more guilty defendants than we used to assume
False
The members of the courtroom work group include
Prosecutors and Judges
Which is true of the US supreme court?

A. it's defendant's last chance to exercise their right to prove their innocence
B. Everyone has a constitutional right of appeal to the court
Neither
Which is true of the decision making reality in criminal courts?

A. Justice by consent out of the public eye
B. Justice by trial in open court
A.
According to Gould/Mastrofski

A. prosecutors rarely dismissed cases because of faulty searches
B. Defense attorneys frequently filed motions to suppress illegally obtained evidence
A.
According to Harcourt, why might the researcher not have intervened?
They were threatened, and they sacrificed the black 'subject' for the benefit of social science and public policy
According to Gould/Mastrofski, most illegal searches aren't very invasive
True
According to Gould/Mastrofski ___% of searches were body cavity searches
less than 5%
According to Gould/Mastrofski ____ % of searches were unconstitutional
30
According to the mpls 'hot spot' patrol experiment..

A. more than half of 911 calls come from only 3% of the 115,000 addresses
B. all rapes came from less than 2%
Both
The results of the mpls "hot spot" patrol experiment include _____
Robbiers fell 20%, crime overall fell 13% at worst hot spot intersections', and fights and disturbances fell by 50% in experimental areas
"hot spot" policing consists of
Some addresses at certain time need special attention
According to empirical research about follow up investigation
Detective work doesn't matter in weak cases and detective work doesn't matter in strong cases
Which is true of both the Newark and Flint fool patrol experiments?

A. fear of crime went down
B. satisfaction with police went up
C. crime rates went down
A.
Which is true of true of the results of the KC Preventive Patrol Experiment

A. Crime rates remained the same in all beats
B. Crime reporting rates remained the same in all beats
C. Respect for police increased in the control beat
All of the above
Empirical research has round which of the following about police reaction time?

A. faster response catches more criminals
B. faster response time improves citizens satisfaction with the police
C. differential response time saves about 8000 labor hours a year
C.
___% of police patrol consists is proactive (police aggressively out preventing crime)
10%
Funding for police consumes ______ of public funding for criminal justice
Most
Officers usually have more time to make law enforcement decisions than order maintenance decisions
False
Decision making to maintain order depends more on which of the following:

A. Experience, community standards, and personal values
B. Rules in police manuals and city ordinances
C. Constitutions and court decisions
A.
The law enforcement mission takes up ____ of police officers' time
Very little
Which is true of private police?

A. They outnumber public police
B. They're non profit public service agencies
A.
Municipal police make up ______% of US law enforcement
47%
The missions of police include
Fighting crime
According to David Thatcher, police should do something about disorder because
disorder can affect our sense of safety more than serious crime does
According to Sampson/Raudenbush concentrated disadvantage 'is the single most important predictor of disorder in Chicago neighborhoods'.
True
According to Sampson/Raudenbush our perspective

A. recognizes the importance of the connections among family, neighborhood, and police in maintaining order
B. minimizes the (agency) initiative of residents in establishing these connections
A.
Sampson/Raudenbush findings

A. positive correlation between physical/social disorder and concentrated disadvantage (high rates of poverty, persons on welfare, single parent households, high unemployment)
B. Negative correlation between physical/social disorder and collective efficacy (ability of neighborhood residents to come together to achieve common goals, namely to control disorder)
Both
Systematic social observation (SSO) can assess _____ that survey participants can't describe accurately
Neighborhood physical conditions and social interaction between individuals
Sampson/Raudenbush sources included
Direct observations of physical and social disorder, and neighborhood resident surveys
Which is true of crime rates during the 1990s?

A. Crime rates increased in some cities that adopted broken windows policing
B. Crime rates dropped dramatically nation wide
Both
According to Harcourt and Ludwig's reanalysis of Kelling/Sousa's data

A. Crime rates remained stable from 1980-1998
B. Crime actually increased from 1989-1998
C. Areas with the greatest increase in crime during the 1980s were the same areas that experienced the greatest decline during the 1990s
C.
What is true of Kelling and Sousa 'Do Police Matter'?
Broken windows policing prevented violent crime
According to 'broken windows'

A. A stable community can turn into a jungle in a few months
B. Residents modify their behavior because they know violent crime is on the rise
A.
____ gave the 'broken windows' theory a warm reception
The press, academics, police leaders
According to 'broken windows'

A. Muggers and robbers believe they reduce their chances of being caught or even identified if they operate on streets where potential victims are already intimidates by prevailing conditions
B. Even if the neighborhood can keep a bothersome panhandler from annoying passersby, thieves are still likely to believe that residents will call the police and identify a potential mugger or to interfere if the mugging actually takes place
A.
According to 'broken windows' theory...

A. Untended property becomes fair game for people out for fun and plunder
B. Untended behavior also leads to the breakdown in community controls
Both
According to 'broken windows' theory, once a neighborhood reaches an advanced state of disorder...
The neighborhood is vulnerable to criminal invasion
What most often frightens people in public places, according to 'broken windows' theory?
Violent crime and being bothered by disorderly people
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