Study psychology test 3 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
psychology test 3

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attitude change
1. shifting reference group (ppl you spend time with
2. operant conditioning (rewards/punishment for attitude)
3. avoid internal inconsistency
4. observation
5. persuasion
egocentric bias
-tendency to believe that other people believe the way you do
prejudice reduction
-attitudes last longer if self-persuaded
-discussions work better than lectures
attitude
-predisposition to respond to something in a certain way about what you feel, emotions evoked, and what you believe
method of loci
-relating to location
jigsaw classroom
-attempt to make classroom a more student centered area by making groups of mixed people and traits and grade depends on what the "group" does as a whole
-prejudice reduced
unamity
-when opinion is unanimous there is more conformity
compliance
-doing something you are told to do due to social presures
conformity
-changing on your own due to social pressure
fundamental attribution error
-the tendency, in explaining other people's behavior, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of the situation
collectivism
-focus on the group
-"takes a village to raise a child"
individulaism
-emphasis on individual goals, more personal freedoms and privacy
social norms intervention
-give information and explain how it happens
-compare real norm to perceived norm in hope of changing behavior and attitudes
bystander intervention
1. ambiguity
2. attractiveness of person in need
3. familiarity of surroundings
4. presence of others
5. direct request
attribution
-the theory that people are motivated to explain their own and other people's behavior by attributing causes of that behavior to a situation or a disposition
-explanation for why people behave the way they do
ethnic separtists
-have a strong sense of ethnic identity but weak feelings of acculturation
ethnic identity
-a person's identification with a religious of ethnic group
diffusion of responsibility
-in groups, the tendency of members to avoid taking action because they assume that others will
self-serving bias
-the tendency, in explaining one's own behavior, to take credit for one's good actions and rationalize one's mistakes
norms
-rules that regulate social life, including explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions
decay
-the theory that information in memory eventually disappears if it is now accessed; it applies more to short term than to long term memory
mnemonics
-strategies and tricks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse of formula
elaborative rehersal
-association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable
-better strategy for long term memory
maintenance rehersal
-rote repetition of material order to maintain its availability in memory
-better for short term memory
serial position
-the tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list
episodic memories
-memories of personality experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred
semantic memories
-internal representations of the world, independent of any particular context
-facts, rules, and concepts (items of general knowledge)
procedural memories
-memories of knowing how to do something
-implicit b/c once skills learned, do not require much conscious processing
long term memory
-memory system involved in the long-term storage of information
chunking
-a meaningful unit of information; may be composed of smaller units
-word, phrase, sentence, or visual image
-imagery retrieval cues and useful with elaborate rehersal
short term memory
-a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods
-7 + or - 2 capacity
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