Study Radiation Biology Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Radiation Biology

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what are the building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotides
What do nerve cells transmit and look like?
Nerve impulses, long and thread like in appearance.
Three components of a Cell
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
what is the Timeline/lifecycle/growth of cells
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytoplasmic Divison
Cell Division
what is it called when a person is missing a chromosome or they have and extra one
aneploidy
what is it called when there is a presence of an entire extra set of chromosome
polyploidy
how many pairs of sex chromosomes are there
1
how many of autosomes are there
22
how many chromosomes come from the sperm
23
how many chromosomes come from the egg
23
chromosome tips that shorten with each mitosis provide what
miotic clock
what is the stage of mitosis begins when the chromosomes complete their migration toward the centrioles
telophase
what is the stage of mitosis when centromeres of the chromatid separate
anaphase
what is the stage of mitosis when chromosomes line up midway between the centrioles
metaphase
what is the stage of mitosis when chromosomes become visible
prophase
what is the structure built of microtubules that organizes the miotic spindle
centriole
what is the region that the chromatids of a chromosome are temporarily attached by
centromere
what are the identical structures called that each chromosome is composed of
chromatids
failure of a pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
nondisjunction
a chromosome other than a sex chromosome
autosome
the period between two cell divisions when a cell is carrying on its normal functions and prepares for division
interphase
when cytoplasm divides into two, forming daughter cells that are copies of the parent cells
cytoplasmic division
what are the hair like processes on the exposed surface of certain epithelial cells
cilia
what are considered the garbage disposals of the cell
lysosomes
which type of endoplasmic reticulum contain ribosomes
rough E.R.
what are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum
rough and smooth
what structure is composed of continuous DNA that contain the information for synthesis of protiens
chromatin
what is the site of ribosome production
nucleolus
Membranous sacs that contain enzymes
Lysosome
Elongated fluid-filled sacs called cristae
Mitochondria
A group of flattened membranous sacs
Golgi apparatus
Particles composed of protein and molecules
Ribosomes
what type of syndrome is described as XXX, Tall and thin, menstrual irregularity
Superfemale syndrome
what type of syndrome is described as XYY-Males, Tall
Jacobs syndrome
what type of syndrome is described as XXY- Males, no sperm, breast swelling
Klinefeller syndrome
what are the Stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Another name for cell specialization
Differentiation
What cell division produces sex cells
Meiosis
Separations of solids from water is known as?
Filtration
what are the three cellular junctions
tight junction
desmones
gap junctions
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Form tubular junctions between cells that allow substances to be exchanged. Muscle cells of the heart and digestive tract are examples.
Gap Junctions
Rivets of “spot welds” adjacent skin cells to form a reinforced structural unit. Cells of the outer skin layer is an example.
Desmosomes
Membranes of adjacent cells converge and fuse.
The area of fusion surrounds the cell like a belt The junction closes the intercellular space between the cells
Tight Junction
Two main components of the cell (composite)
Nucleus and Cytoplasm
what are in cytoplasmic inclusions
Include stored nutrients such as glycogen and lipids
Include pigments such as melanin in the skin.
what are masses of lifeless chemical substances within the cytoplasm.
cytoplasmic inclusion
what is the diffusion in which substances move through membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration by carrier molecules.
Facilitated Diffusion
what is the random movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration towards one of lower concentration
diffusion
Which cytoplasmic organelles are temporary?
Cytoplasmic inclusions.
what is the process that requires an expenditure of energy to move a substance across a cell membrane.*?
active transport
what is the basic unit of structure and function with in the human organism
Vary in shape and function (Shape closely related to function)
cell
What are molecules or ions that are carried through membranes by carrier molecules from regions of lower concentration towards regions of higher concentration.
active transport
What is endocytosis?
Particles are conveyed within a vesicle formed from a section of the cell membrane
What is phagocytosis?
Cells taking in solids
important line of defense against invasion of disease-causing microorganisms
What is the nucleus comprised of?
Nucleolus and chromatin
what maintains integrity of the cell
cell membrane
what are the inorganic substances found in a cell
water
oxygen
carbon dioxide
inorganic salts
what are the two major types of nucleic acids
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
what are the organic substances found in a cell
carbohydrates
lipids
protiens
nucleic acids
what are the most common types of lipids
fats
how many different kinds of amino acids are there
20
what chemical constituents of a cell generally disolve or react with water to release ions, usually called electrolytes
inorganic substances
what chemical constituents of a cell contain both carbon and hydrogen and usuallly are called non electrolytes
organic substances
what are the chemical constituents of a cell
organic & inorganic substances
what directs the activities of a cell
nucleus
what is the site of metabolic functions in a cell
cytoplasm
what are the two major components of a composite cell
nucleus
cytoplasm
what is the unit of measure for cell size
micrometer
what is the shape and function of muscle cells
slender and rod like
contract to pull structures closer together
what is the shape and function of nerve cells
long threadlike extensions
transmit nerve impulses
what is the basic unit of structure and function within the human organism
human cell
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