Study British Literature Flash Cards

 
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British Literature

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something invented by the imagination
fiction
bard or poet
scop
long, narrative, fictional prose of more than 30,000 to 40,000 words, containing subplots and sub-themes
novel
Hope springs eternal in the human breat:
Man never is, but always to be blest."
Pope
"A little learning is a dangerous thing;
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring."
Pope
"Fools rush in where angels fear to tread"
Pope
"Good nature and good sense must join;
To err is human, to forgive, divine."
Pope
author of the first novel
Samuel Richardson
metaphysical poet
John Donne
year the King James Bible was commissioned
1611
what caused the growth of cities
Industrial Revolution
1798
Publication of Lyrical Ballads,
William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
lost the 13 colonies
George III
removal of King James II
Glorious Revolution
patron saint of music and inventor of pipe organ
St. Cecilia
a medieval verse narrative chronicling the adventures of a brave knight or other hero who must undertake a quest and overcome great danger for the love of a noble lady or high ideal
romance
a larger-than-life figure who usually has mysterious origins and in the course of his life performs extraordinary deeds with the aid of magical forces
romance hero
making fiction appear true
verisimilitude
long, narrative of eerie stories with mystery, castles, and the supernatural
gothic novels
greatest English ruler ever
Elizabeth I
name of Shakespeare's acting company
King's Men/Players
Lord Chamberlain's Acting Company
rhyme within one line of poetry
internal rhyme
Swift's masterpiece
Gulliver's Travels
collection of the most intelligent minds
Royal Society of London for the Promotion of Knowledge
an analysis of literature
literary criticism
First novel written
Pamela
economic policy of non-intervention of the government
laissez faire
high-paying, government jobs with little work involved
sinecure
story
narrative
work written in crude shorthand
Samuel Pepys Diary
only non-monarchy English ruler
Oliver Cromwell
a type of poem that depicts rustic life in idyllic terms
pastoral
piece of work in which one small, harmless incident creates a catastrophe
mock epic
location of the Wooden O
Thames River, London
first point of action in a story
initial incident
low quality, salable writing
hack work
Father of English
1. poetry
2. short story
3. novel
4. literature
Chaucer
lines or words that are repeated at regular intervals
refrain
martyr under the reign of Henry II
Thomas a Becket
the repetition of initial sounds
alliteration
searching a poem for it's rhyme scheme
scan/scansion
line of Elizabeth I
Stuart
line of Henry VII
Tudor
tall blonde warriors of Great Britain
Celts
poem of intensity of intellect, self-conscious invention, and bold emotion
metaphysical poetry
a pause or break within a line of poetry, usually indicated by the natural rhythm of language
caesura
a song or songlike poem that tells a story
ballad
a characteristic that cause the downfall of the tragic hero
tragic flaw
using words that sound like their meaning
onomatopoeia
a cutting remark intended for a purpose
sarcasm
the uncertainty or anxiety we feel about what is going to happen next in the story
suspense
4 names for the collection of Wales, Ireland, Scotland, and England
Great Britain
British Commonwealth
British Isles
United Kingdom
the most complete collection of stories concerning the legend of King Arthur
Le Morte Darthur, Sir Thomas Malory
Monarchs who replaced James II after the Glorious revolution
William (Duke of Orange) and Mary
George I, II, and III belonged to this line
Hanovers
one who makes dictionaries
lexicographer
The upper and lower houses of Parliament
House of Lords
House of Commons
plays about vises and virtues
morality plays
plays about saints
miracle plays
plays about the Bible
mystery plays
the ridiculing of man's foilbles
satire
false name
pseudonym
pen name
nom de plume
a story in which the characters, settings, and events stand for abstract or moral concepts
allegory
the vantage point from which a story is being told
point of view
1. 1st person limited
2. 1st person omniscient
3. 3rd person
year Globe Theatre was built
1599
nickname for Globe Theatre
the Wooden O
Shakespeare's birthplace
Stratford on Avon
the lowest of Shakespeare's audience
pennystinkers/groundlings
fake character the author pretends to be
persona
addressing someone/thing as if they were present, even though they're not
apostrophe
3 qualities that make Shakespeare the greatest writer ever
1. effective use of the English language
2. insight to human nature
3. versatility
What was the name of Shakespeare's wife?
Anne Hathaway
a literary work in which the main character comes to an unhappy end
tragedy
a brief account of the plot
synopsis
year the Magna Carta was signed
1215
six lines of poetry grouped together
sestet
time and place of a story
setting
an introductory narrative within which one or more of the characters proceed to tell a story
frame story
repetition of vowel sounds
assonance
repetition of consonant sounds
consonance
main character in a tragedy
tragic hero
quality that makes Shakespeare the greatest writer ever
universality
a moment of sudden insight or revelation that a character experiences
epiphany
exaggerated/slapstick comedy
farce
using a small part to represent a whole
synecdoche
years of Shakespeare's life
1564-1616
personal account of feelings, impressions, and events
diary
In Anglo-Saxon poetry, a metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place, thing, or even indirectly
kenning
another name for atmosphere
mood
the mood or feeling in a literary work
atmosphere
type of lyric poem on a serious subject
ode
idea the author is trying to convey
theme
extreme exaggeration
hyperbole
a long speech in which a character who is usually alone onstage expresses his or her private thoughts or feelings
soliloquy
a character who sets off another character by strong contrast
foil
sequence of events
plot
the insertion of a past event into the present time
flashback
central figure in a long narrative that reflects the values and heroic ideals of a particular society
epic hero
the force opposing the main character
antagonist
the main character that has a force opposing him
protagonist
turning point in a story
climax
part of the end of a story that brings the plot to a close
resolution
french term for "resolution"
denouement
the sequence of events after the climax that lead to the resolution
falling action
another term for rising action
complications
complications leading up to the climax of a story
rising action
a sentence that grabs the audience's attention and makes them want to read more
narrative hook
the introduction where the author introduces the character and setting
exposition
private words that a character in a play speaks to the audience or to another character that are not supposed to be overheard by others onstage
aside
the use of a person, place, thing, or event to stand for something beyond it
symbolism
a day-to-day record of events and personal impressions kept by and individual
journal
What are the five kinds of conflict?
Man vs.
1. man
2. nature
3. self
4. society
5. God/fate
a character's struggle between opposing needs, desires, or emotions within the character
internal conflict
a characters' struggle against some outside force
external conflict
a struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces or emotions
conflict
quality of work that makes the audience feel pity for a character
pathos
two lines grouped together
couplet
two lines grouped together, written iambic pentameter
heroic couplet
"it's not what you know, it's who you know"
Sir Francis Bacon
"knowledge is power"
Sir Francis Bacon
"Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man."
--Sir Francis Bacon, "Of Studies"
"Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested"
--Sir Francis Bacon, "Of Studies"
"Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, creeps in this petty pace, from day to day, to the last syllable of recorded time. And all our yesterdays have lighted fools the way of dusty death. Out, out brief candle! Life is but a walking shadow, a poor player who struts and frets his hour upon the stage, then is heard no more. It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing."
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Double, double, toil and trouble;
Fire burn and caldron bubble."
--The Weird Sisters
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"What, all my pretty chickens and their dam
At one fell swoop?"
--Macduff
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"We are yet but young in deed."
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Blood will have blood"
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Naught's had, all's spent,
Where our desire is got without content:"
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown
And put a barren scepter in my gripe"
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"What's done is done."
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"I had thought to
have let in some of all professions that go the primrose way
to th' everlasting bonfire."
--Porter
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"My hands are of your color, but I shame
To wear a heart so white."
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"A little water clears us of this deed."
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather
The multitudinous seas incarnadine
Making the green one red."
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Th' attempt and not the deed
Confounds us."
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell
That summons thee to heaven, or to hell."
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Is this a dagger which I see before me,
The handle toward my hand?"
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"False face must hide what the false heart doth know."
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Might be the be-all and the end-all."
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Bear welcome in your eye,
Your hand, your tongue: look like th' innocent flower,
But be the serpent under't."
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Unsex me here,
And fill me, from crown to toe, top full
Of direst cruelty!"
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Yet do I fear they nature;
It is too full o' th' milk of human kindness
To catch the nearest way."
--Lady Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Come what, come may."
--Macbeth
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"Fair is foul, and foul is fair."
--The Weird Sisters
--William Shakespeare, Macbeth
"The trumpet shall be hard on high,
The dead shall live, the living die,
And Music shall untune the sky."
--John Dryden, "A Song for St. Cecilia's Day"
"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"
--William Shakespeare, Sonnet
What was the first major literary masterpiece of the Renaissance?
Utopia
What was the name of Oliver Cromwell's army?
Ironsides
"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may, old time is still a-flying: and this same flower that smiles today tomorrow will be dying."
Robert Herrick
"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time"
"Drink to me only with thine eyes, and I will pledge with mine."
Ben Jonson
"Song: To Ceila"
"I could not love thee, dear, so much, loved I not honor more."
Richard Lovelace
"To Lucasta, on Going to the Wars"
"Sweetest love, I do not go for weariness of thee."
John Donne
"Song"
"No man is an island, entire of itself; everyman is a piece of the continent, a part of the main."
John Donne
"Meditation 17"
"And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee."
John Donne
"Meditation 17"
"Death be not proud, though some have called thee mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so."
John Donne
"Death Be Not Proud"
What are other names for the King James Bible?
"Authorized Version"
"English Bible"
"They also serve who only stand and wait."
John Milton
"His Blindness"
"The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven."
John Milton
Paradise Lost
"Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven"
John Milton
Paradise Lost
The Tribe/Sons of Ben were __________ poets.
cavalier
Who participated in the English Civil War?
Roundheads vs. Cavaliers
14 lines of iambic pentameter with a particular rhyme scheme
sonnet
shift in meaning
volta
eight lines grouped together
octave
one unit of any meter
foot
supporters of Parliament
roundheads
supporters of the king
cavaliers
Who was the first English printer?
Caxton
When did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
14th century
Who is Elizabeth I's mother?
Anne Boleyn
Who was the "last of the Elizabethans?"
John Milton
2 most famous similes in poetry
love vs. gold
love vs. mathematical compass
poetry with the carpe diem theme
cavalier poets
Latin for "seize the day!"
carpe diem
What was John Milton's masterpiece?
Paradise Lost
Who had 6 wives and created the Church of England/Anglican Church?
Henry VIII
What is the name of the group that emulates the work of Ben Jonson?
Tribe of Ben
Sons of Ben
Who was the only English monarch to be executed during his reign?
Charles I
the revival of classical letters, individualistic and critical spirit, and emphasis on secular concerns
humanism
brief commentary on a non-technical subject
essay
dramas with much singing and dancing (elaborate)
masque
What was the new style of literature in the Renaissance?
drama
When was the Spanish Armada defeated?
1558
Who was Mary Tudor's mother?
Catherine of Aragon
What was Mary Tudor's nickname?
"Bloody Mary"
Who was James I of England, the Stuart Monarchy?
James VI of Scotland
Renaissance was the reawakening interest of classical ________ and _________ cultures.
Greek
Roman
What are the characteristics of the Renaissance?
1. more emphasis on secular than religion
2. emphasis on individual and human potential
3. revolt against authority
4. expansion of knowledge
What is the significance of the year 1660?
restoration of the monarchy
What is the significance of the year 1485?
-the end of the War of Roses
-crowning of Henry Tudor (Henry VII)
What was Thomas More's greatest work?
Utopia
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
What does Renaissance mean?
"rebirth"
What was the subject matter of original sonnets?
the love for a beautiful but unobtainable woman
What are the years of the Renaissance?
1485-1660
a highly intellectualized image
conceit
Who is the father of the English essay?
Francis Bacon
what latin phrase means "in the middle of?"
in medias res
specific parts drawn to conclusion
inductive reasoning
laments the memory of a dead person or lost thing
elegy
unrhymed iambic pentameter
blank verse
a long, narrative poem about a hero who encompasses the values of society
epic
Latin for "fortunate fall"
felix culpa
What are the characteristics of classical epics?
1. begins in medias res
2. used flashback to tell the story
3. invoke the Muse
4. state subject matter
5. epic hero represents culture
6. battle
7. catalogue of characters
Who is famous for writing metaphysical poetry?
John Donne
What authors tried to emulate the work of Ben Jonson?
Herrick
Suckling
Lovelace
six lines grouped together
sestet
When was the translation of the King James Bible commissioned?
1611
What dictator ruled England after the execution of Charles I?
Oliver Cromwell
What years did Elizabeth I reign?
1558-1603
What are some nicknames for Elizabeth I?
Gloriana
The Virgin Queen
Who was the greatest English monarch ever?
Elizabeth I
Whose return (1660) restored the monarchy to England?
Charles II
What work, written by Martin Luther, was a protest against authority and corruption of the Roman Catholic Church? It sparked the Protestant Reformation.
95 theses
repeated syntactical similarities introduced for rhetorical effect
parallelism/parallel structure
unnatural syntactical arrangement
inversion/inverted syntax
a short, witty statement that reveals a truth about life
axiom
epigram
aphorism
adage
proverb
maxim
names for rhyme
exact
perfect
names for inexact rhyme
slant
approximate
near
close
imperfect
two unaccented syllables
pyrrhic
two accented syllables
spondee
an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables
dactyl
two unaccented syllables followed by and accented syllable
anapest
an accented syllable followed by and unaccented syllable
trochee
an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable
iamb
abab bcbc cdcd ee
Spenserian Sonnet rhyme scheme
abab cdcd efef gg
Shakespearean/Elizabethan/English Sonnet rhyme scheme
abba abba cdecde
Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet rhyme scheme
5 feet of meter per line
pentameter
4 feet of meter per line
tetrameter
3 feet of meter per line
trimeter
2 feet of meter per line
dimeter
1 foot of meter per line
monometer
a phrase that is not meant to be taken literally
idiom
repetition of initial sounds
alliteration
another name for cast of characters
dramatist personae
when the audience is aware of something the characters are not
dramatic irony
a hint of what is to come
foreshadowing
a statement that at first seems false, but upon later examination turns out to be true
paradox
the balancing of an idea in one line of poetry
antithesis
editor's note to the reader
gloss
an author's attitude toward the reader, subject matter, or atmosphere
tone
a prime example
archetype
unit of poetry, often with a rhyme scheme
stanza
(5) methods of characterization
1. the character's appearance
2. what the character says
3. what the character does
4. the character's private thoughts
and feelings
5. what others say about the
character and how they react to
him
type or kind
genre
a repeated quality in literature
motif
descriptive language used to appeal to the senses
imagery
when one thing is used to represent another
symbol
giving human qualities to an inanimate object
personification
a comparison that states one thing is another
metaphor
a line with something left out
elliptical line
(...) used to either indicated that content is mission from a quote or show that a character's speech has trailed off
ellipsis
when a character gets what he deserves
poetic justice
a brief story that usually contains a bit of humor
anecdote
an anecdote in a sermon used to teach a moral lesson
exemplum
two words placed together that have opposite meanings
oxymoron
sustained through numerous lines in a poem
extended metaphor
when a single word has multiple meanings and all are applicable
pun
a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment
stereotype
placing two things together that usually aren't related
juxtaposition
a brief reference to something the author expects the reader to know
allusion
when the author makes an implication about a character's personality
indirect characterization
when the author makes a direct statement about a character's personality
direct characterization
comparison using the words like, as, or than
simile
author's word choice
diction
when the author fails to put enough emphasis on something
understatement
when the unexpected happens
situational irony
when a character says one thing but means the opposite
verbal irony
an idea the reader gets without the author actually stating it
implication
the repeating of a previous line or phrase with a slight variation
incremental repetition
five units of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable
iambic pentameter
an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable
iamb
a group of four lines
quatrain
words at the ends of lines in poetry having similar sounds
end rhythm
the pattern of syllables in a line of poetry
rhythm/meter
a pattern of similar sounds coming at the end of lines in poetry
rhyme scheme
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