Study Physics 4.1 - 4.6 Flash Cards

 
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Physics 4.1 - 4.6

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Basic component of the cathode
1-Filament
2-Focusing Cup
the metallic surface usually of platinum or tungsten upon which the stream of cathode rays within an xray tube is focused and from which the xrays are emitted
target
a cloud of electrons in the vicinity of the filament
space charge
a negatively charged metal shroud in which the filament is embedded
focusing cup
a tenuous conductor made incandescent by the passage of an electric current
filament
to tend or move toward one point or another
coverage
List basic components of the xray tube
1-Cathode
2-Anode
3-Glass envelope
a shaft made of bars of copper and soft iron fabricated in one mass, located inside the xray glass envelope.
Rotor
used for glass and glassware that contains appreciable oxide of boron and is resistant to heat chemicals and electricity
Pyrex
the electron emitting electrode of an electron tube
Cathode
the electron-collecting electrode of an electron tube
Anode
types of modern xray tube designs
1-Rotating anode xray tube
2-Grid-controlled xray tube
3-Mammography xray tube
4-Metal/Ceramic xray tube
Characteristics of a hot cathode
1-compatible for use with snook transformer
2-Vacuum tube allows intensity and energy to be selected separately and with great accuracy
3-Normally made of two electrodes(a diode in a glass tube
characteristics of crookes tube
1-contained controlled quantities of gas
2-inefficient producer of xrays
3-tube mA could not be changed independently of kV making control of technical factors difficult
4-made of 2 electrodes(a diode) in a glass tube.
an electron tube with an anode, a cathode and controlling grid.
Triode
a metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in many properties is used especially in strengthening and hardening steel
Molybdenum
the negative potential across a triode of a grid controlled tube
Grid Bias
a large partially evacuated glass tube
Crookes tube
a vacuum xray tube which allowed xray intensity and energy to be selected separately and with great accuracy
Coolidge tube
high speed electrons projected in a stream from the heated cathode of a vacuum tube under the propulsion of a strong electric field.
Cathode ray
a steel gray light weight corrosion resistant rigid metallic element used chiefly as a hardening agent
Beryllium
Steps necessary for production of high speed electrons
a-hihg potential difference, kV applied across tube.
1-gives filament very high negative charge.
2-gives anode an equally high positive charge.
b-high electric field causes space charge electrons to rush from cathode to anode at extremely high speeds
Steps necessary for the separation of electrons
a-filament current supplying filament(cathode), causes it to become incandescent resulting in separation of outer orbital electrons.
b-electrons escaping from filament forms space charge(or electron cloud) nearby.
c-process of liberation by heating conductor
Conditions necessary for the production of x-rays
1-Separation of electrons
2-Production of high speed electrons
3-Focusing of electrons
4-Stopping of high speed electrons in target (anode)
Basic principles of x-ray production
1-Fast moving electrons undergo rapid deceleration.
2- Electrons drop from an outer shell to a hole in an inner atomic shell.
an electrically charged particle emitted by an incandescent substance.
Thermions
the giving off of electrons from the surface of a heated metal
Thermionic emission
a low current of electricity which flows through the filament of the cathode
Filament current
White, glowing or luminous with intense heat
Incandescent
Unveiled the hot cathode xray tube in 1913.
Recognized as far superior to the crookes tube.
William D. Coolidge
Countes as the first xray fatality in the united states in 1904.
had amputation of both arms due to xray burns.
Clarence Dally
Developed the fluoroscope 1898.
Original fluorescent material used.
Abondaoned xray research after his assistant received severe xray burns.
Thomas Edison
Demonstrated technique of reducing exposure times and enhancing the image by using double emulsion radiography in 1904.
Two glass x-ray plates placed with emulsion surfaces together.
Charles Leonard
Demonstrated technique of reducing exposure times by using an intensifying screen in conjuntion with glass photographic plates in 1896
Micheal Pupin
Professor of Physics, Wurzburg University, Germany.
Discovered X-rays Nov 8 1895
1901 Received the first nobel prize for physics
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Developed a large partially evacuated glass tube.
fore runner of modern fluorescent/neon sign type lamps.
Sir William Crookes
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