Study RAP II 9.3 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
RAP II 9.3

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in a scoliosis exam what side is elevated
the convex side of the primary curvature
what are considered to be typical thoracic vertebrae
T3-T9
what is the joint where the superior and inferior processes of the upper and lower vertebrae come together
zagopophaseal joint
what are the functions of the vertebral column
encloses and protects the spinal cord
acts as a support for the trunk of the body
supports the skull
affords attachment for muscles
supports the upper limbs
transmits weight of the upper body to the lower limbs
permits flexibility
what is the angle of the central ray for an RPO/ LPO of the C spine
15-20 degrees cephalad
what is the tube angle for a lateral T spine
10 degrees for women
15 degrees for men
cephalad
what is the scoliosis series called
ferguson's method
what is the tube angle for a PA coccyx
10 degrees cephalad
what is the tube angle for a AP coccyx
10 degrees caudal
what is the tube angle for a PA sacrum
15 degrees caudal
what is the tube angle for an AP sacrum
15 degrees cephalad
how many segments of the coccyx are there in a child
4
what is the broad expanded portion of the upper sacral segment
ala
how many pairs of sacral foramina are there
4 pairs
the sacrum is shaped like what
an inverted triangle
the sacrum is composed of how many sacral segments
5
what is the angle of rotation for the patient for an RPO/LPO S.I. joint
25-30 degrees
what is the angulation of the tube for a L5-S1 junction (spot)
5 degrees males
8 degrees females
caudal
what is the body rotation for a LPO/ RPO of the lumbar spine
45 degrees
what lumbar position is the zygopophyseal joints nearest the film
oblique
what is the anatomical landmark for L4
iliac crest
what is the anatomical landmark for L3-L4
umbilicus
what is the anatomical landmark for L3
costal margin
L5 is angled in what direction
slightly anteriorly
what is the shape of the lumbar vertebral foramen
triangular
what is the shape of the lumbar vertebrae body
bean shaped
what vertebrae are shown in the twining method
C5-T4
what is the anatomical landmark for T10
level of the xyphoid tip
what is the anatomical landmark for T7
level of the inferior angle of the scapula
what is the anatomical landmark for T4- T5
level of the sternal angle
what is the anatomical landmark for T2, T3
level of the sternal notch or the superior margin of the scapula
what is the anatomical landmark for T1
2" above the sternal notch
what are considered the distinctive thoracic vertebrae
T1, T9, T10, T11 and T12
what serves as an opening for affarent and efferent nerves and vessels of the spinal cord
intervertebral foramen
the superior notch of the lower vertebrae and the inferior notch of the upper vertebrae combine to form what
intervertebral foramen
the body of the thoracic vertebrae are in what shape
triangular
in the grandy method why is the neck extended
so that the rami of the mandible is not overlapping C1 or C2
in the grandy method (lateral C spine) what is the demonstration of C7 dependent on
the degree of shoulder depression
what is the SID for an LPO/ RPO of the C spine
72"
what is the angle of body rotation for an AP axial oblique projection of the T spine
45 degrees
what vertebrae are shown in an AP axial C spine
C3-T3
what is the angle for an AP axial C spine
15-20 degrees cephalad
what is the anatomical landmark of C7
vertebral prominence
what is the anatomical landmark of C5
thyroid cartilage
what is the anatomical landmark of C2-C3
angle of the mandible
what is the anatomical landmark of C1
level of the mastoid tip
what is the 7th cervicle vertebrae also called
vertebral prominence
what are any degenerative changes of the spine called
spondylosis
what is it called when the costal element of the last lumbar segment unites with the first sacral segment
sacralization
what is the extension of the process of L1
lumbar rib
what is spina bifida with no protrusion of the meninges
spina bifida occlulta
what is the developmental abnormally marked by defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord through which the mininges protrude
spina bifida
what is the anterior displacement of one vertebrae over another, commonly seen at the level of L4 & L5
spondylolisthesis
what is the immobilization/consolidation of a joint caused by disease, injury or surgical procedure
Anklosis
what is the breaking down of a vertebrae called which may lead to spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
what exposure of the spine is the anode heel effect used for
AP T spine
what is another name for the swimmers method
twining method
what is another name for the left lateral C spine:
Grandy Method
what forms the passage way for nerves and vessels down the spinal column
Transverse foramen
what is abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
what is any increase of anterior convexity of the L spine (lumber)
lordosis
what is any increase of anterior concavity of the T spine (thoracic)
kyphosis
what are the three abnormal curvatures of the spine
kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis
what acts as a pivot or body for the atlas
dens or odontoid process
what is the name for the strong conical process sticking up from the upper surface of the body of the axis
dens of odontoid process
what is the strongest and thickest cervical vertebrae
axis
what are the divisions of the vertebral column
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
what are the groups of the vertabrae
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
when do secondary curvatures develope
after birth
when do primary curvatures develope
present at birth
where are the primary curvatures of the vertebral column located anatomically
thoracic and pelvic region
on the atlas what are large, deeply concaved and shaped to receive the condyles of the occipital bone
lateral masses
what is a ring formed by the anterior and posterior arches and the lateral masses
vertebral foramen
what is located on the atlas that transmits the vertebral artery and vein
transverse foramen
what is located on the posterior surface of the atlas for attachment of muscles
posterior tubercle
what is located on the anterior surface on the atlas for attachment of ligaments and muscles
anterior tubercle
on the atlas what project laterally and slightly inferiorly from the lateral masses
transverse process
what part of the atlas are longer than those of the other cervical vertebrae
transverse process
on the atlas what is located at the junction of the anterior and posterior arches
lateral masses
the anterior section of the atlas receives what
the dens or adontoid process of c2
on the atlas what divides the vertebral foramen into anterior and posterior sections
transverse atlantal ligament
on the atlas what extends from one lateral mass to the other and forms two fifths of the atlantal ring
posterior arch
on the atlas what extends from one lateral mass to the other and forms one fifth of the atlantal ring
anterior arch
what vertebrae supports and balances the head
atlas
what type of vertebrae is the atlas classified as
non typical vertebrae
what is the name of the first cervical vertebrae
atlas
which vertebrae are the only vertebrae that are forked of bifid
3rd through 5th cervical vertebrae
what has the smallest vertebrae with the most dense bone tissue of the spinal column
cervical spine
how many vertebrae is the cervical spine composed of
7
what forms the vertebral canal and provides protection for the spinal cord
vertebral foramen
what is the space formed by the body and the vertebral arch
vertebral foramen
what are also called neuro foramen
vertebral foramen
what are only located on the cervical vertebrae
transverse foramen
what is located on either side of the junction of the lamina and pedicles
articular process
what is also known as the zygapophysis
articular process
what projects downward and posteriorly from the junction of the lamina
spinous process
what forms the lateral aspects of the vertebral arch
pedicles
what are two broad plates extending from the pedicles posteriorly and uniting to form the spinous process of the vertebrae
lamina
what projects laterally and slightly posterior from the junction of the pedicles and lamina of the vertebrae
transverse process
what is the shape of the typical vertebrae body
cylindrical
what is the lateral abnormal curvature called
scoliosis
what is the abnormal curvature that is from any inrease in anterior convexity
lordosis
what is the abnormal curvature that is from any increase in anterior concavity
kyphosis
when is the lumbar spine developed in a baby
18-24 months
when is the cervical curvature developed in a baby
3-4 months (holds head up)
8-9 months (baby sits up)
the primary curves are what type of curvature
convex (lordotic)
the primary curves are what type of curvature
concave (kyphotic)
where are the secondary curves located anatomically
cervical and lumbar region
what are the types of normal curvatures
primary
secondary
what are the two types of curvatures of the spine
normal
abnormal
how many total vertebrae does an adult have
26
how many total vertebrae does a child have
33
how many coccygeal vertebrae does an adult have
1
how many coccygeal vertebrae does a child have
3-5
what is the terminal end of the vertebrae called
coccyx
how many sacral vertebrae does an adult have
1
how many sacral vertebrae does a child have
5
how many lumbar vertebrae does an adult have
5
how many lumbar vertebrae does a child have
5
how many thoracic vertebrae does a child have
12
how many thoracic vertebrae does a adult have
12
how many cervical vertebrae does an adult have
7
how many cervical vertebrae does a child have
7
what is the most superior division of the vertebral column
cervical
what forms the central axis of the skeleton
vertebrae
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