Study psychology test 2 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
psychology test 2

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secondary reinforcers _____
depend on learning
primary reinforcers ______
satisfy biological needs
in clasical conditioning the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the
unconditioned response
learning that takes palce by pbserving another oerson is reffered to as
observational learning
the reapperance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest is called?
spontaneous recovery
punishment ____ the rate of a response
decreases
negative reinforcement _____ the rate of a response
increases
when reinforcement for a behavior is removed the consequence will be
a short increase in the frequency with which the behavior is performed followed by the weakening and eventual dissappearance of the behavior
a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not otheres is referred to as?
preparedness
a child asks to be aloowed to stay up an extra half hour more only when his mom is in a good mood. this is an example of?
stimulus discrimination
if a dog salivates toa blue light and a yellow light the dog is showing evidence of ?
stimulus generalization
if a dog salivates toa blue light and not a yellow light the dog is showing evidence of ?
stimulus discrimination
any event that follows a behavior and results in the behavior having a lower propability of happenign in the future is known as?
punisher
our perception of the brightness of a color is affected mainly by
the amplitude of light waves
the 2 major cues we use to localize sound sources in space are ?
intensity and timing differences at the ears
Pitch perception can be best explained by _____ for pitches in the middle ranges
frequency and place theory
Pitch perception can be best explained by _____ for very high pitched sounds
place theory
pitch perception can best be explained by _____ for very low pitch sounds?
frequency theory
generally the four basic tastes are considered to be?
salty sweet sour and bitter
televison sets are able to recreate the entire visible spectrum by additvely mixing 3 primary colors this process is similar to the view of human color vision called?
trichromatic theory
if a 100-hz tone had to be increased to 110-hz for a subject to just notice the difference you would predict that a 1000hz tone would have to be increased to?
1100 to be noticed
the structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the?
cochlea
after visual input has been processed in the primary visual cortex, signals are processed further along a numbner of pathways. Information about form and color is processed by the ___?
ventral stream
interposition refers to?
an environmental depth cue in which closer objects overlap objects farther away
the sense associated with thes sense of smell is ?
olfaction
2nd step in a self modification program is?
gather baseline data.
link between physical punishment and subsequent violent aggressive behavior is propably best explained by?
observational learning
Skinner said reinforcement determines the aquisition of a response. Bandura said reinforcement determines _____ of a response
performance
according to Rescova the strength of a CR depends on ____?
the % of trials in which the CS and UCS are paried.
Nolan loved tequila. One day he drank to much tequilla and became very very sick. his drinking of tequilla decreased in the future due to the sequence of?
punishment
avoidance response is maintained as a result of ____ conditioning?
operant
research on avoidance suggests that fear response is aquired through ____ conditioning?
classical
Positive and Negative reinforcement ___ the rate of responding
increases
steady rapid responding of a person playing a slot amchine is an example of the pattern of responding typically generated on a _____ schedule?
variable - ratio
a secondary reinforcer has ____ properites?
acquired
a primary reinforcer has ____ properites?
biological
A pigeon in Skinner box is pecking the disk at a high steady rate the graph portraying this pigeons response will have?
steep unchanging slope
T or F
distinction between 2 types of conditioning is not absolute with other types. Jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior?
true
phenomenon of higher order conditioning shows?
an already established CS can be used in teh place of a natural UCS.
Watson & Raymer conditioned Albert to fear white rats by banging a hammer on steel as the child plays with a white rat.Later ALbert also feared white stuffed toys and Santas beard.Alberts fear of these objects can be attributed to?
stimulus generalization
Sams wife wears the same night gown when shes in the mood everytime sam sees her in it he is aroused. for sam the nightgown is a?
conditioned stimulus
after repeatedly pairing a tone with meat powder, Pavlov found that a dog will salivate when the tone is preseneted. Salivation to the tone is a?
conditioned response
study of Kenrick and Gutierres exposing male subjects to a show dominated by extremely beautiful women showed had an effect of?
decrease their ratings of the attractiveness of a prospective date.
which school painting applied the theory of feature analysis to canvas building figures out of simple features?
cubism
in what ways is the sense of taste like the sense of smell?
the physical stimulus for both senses are chemical substances dissolved in fluid.
perception of pitch can best be explained by?
both place and frequency theory
the fact that cultural groups with less exposure to carpentered buildings are less susceptible to the Muller-Lyer illusion suggests that?
perceptual inferences can be shaped by experience
in their study of influence of subliminal perception on attitudes, Krosnack and his colleagues found?
small but measurable effects.
after a six mile run sarah is gazing at a hill she needs to climb to get back to the car. Based on research by Proffit Sarah is likely to?
overestimate the hills slant to an even greater degree than she would have before her run.
the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succesion is called?
the phi phenomenon
theory that predicts that the American flag would have a green, black, and yellow after image?
opponet process theory
the visual pathway that has been charachterized as ______ travels through the ventral stream to the temporal lobes?
the what pathway
the visual pathway that has been charachterized as ______ travels through the dorsal stream to the parietal lobes?
the where pathway
the collection of rod and cone receptors that funnel signals to a particular visual cell in the retina make up that cells _____ ?
receptive field
In farsightedness ...
the focus of light from close objects falls behind the retina.
A tone deaf person would propably not be able to tell 2 musical notes apart unless they were very different. We could say this person has a relatively large?
just noticeable difference
in psychological research the absolute threshold has been arbitrarily defined as?
the stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
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