Study RAP III 10.4 - 10.5 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
RAP III 10.4 - 10.5

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what position demonstrates the hepatic flexure the best
LPO
what position demonstrates the splenic flexure the best
RPO
what part of the UGI is shown for the LPO view of a follow up B.E.
hepatic flexure and ascending colon
what part of the UGI is shown for the RPO view of a follow up B.E.
splenic flexure and decending colon
what is the sharp curve where the first two sections of the small intestine connect
duodenojejunal flexure
what is the tube angulation for the view of the pa/ap axial sigmoid
PA 30-40 degrees caudal
AP 30-40 degrees cephalic
what is the optimal angle of the obliques for a barium enema
45 degrees
what is the structure shown for an LPO projection in a UGIS follow up exam
barium filled fundus
what is the treatment for perniscious enemia
b12
what portion or amount of the stomach lies in the right hypochondrium region
1/6
what are the two exam procedures, utilizing contrast, performed to evaluate the stomach
single contrast
double contrast
what determines the method used by a radiologist for different GI examinations
PT condition
area of interest
PT mobility
the preliminary (scout) radiograph of the GI System should show the colon to be what
free of gas, feces, and any radiopaque contrast agent
where is the central ray located for an esophagram in the position of :
RAO, RLAT, AP
RAO- 2" left of the MSP at level of T5/T6
RLAT- mid coronal plane at level of T5/T6
AP- MSP at level of T5/T6
what are the planes that separate the abdomen known as
addison's planes
what is pyloric stenosis characterized by
projectile vomiting
failure to thrive (grow)
a palpable knot in the abdomen
what should the patient be reminded of after completion of any examination using a contrast agent
drink lots of water to prevent impaction
what is another name for the abdominal cavity
peritoneal cavity
what are the two methods for administering an opaque contrast agent for an SBFT
orally
enteroclysis (direct injection)
what is the degrees of rotation and the level of the central ray in an LPO position during a UGIS follow up exam
30-60 degrees
level of L1 / L2
what position best demonstrates the fundus of the stomach in an UGIS follow up exam
LPO
where is the central ray located for an AP projection in a UGIS follow up exam
level of L1 / L2
in an UGIS follow up exam what position affords the best image of the pyloric canal and the duodenal bulb
RLAT Projection
what structures are best demonstrated with the RAO position in an UGIS follow up exam
pyloric canal
duodenal bulb
duodenal loop
what position is the patient started in in a UGIS
erect
where is the central ray for a RLAT in a UGIS follow up exam
level of L1 / L2
what structures are best viewed by a RLAT postion in the UGIS follow up exam
anterior stomach
pyloric canal
duodenal bulb
what are the positions used for follow up views of the UGIS
RAO, RLAT, AP, LPO
where is the central ray for an RAO follow up exam of UGIS
level of L1 / L2 & centered midway between the MSP and lateral border
in a UGIS what is the patient asked to do to help coat the stomach with contrast
roll 360 degrees when recumbent
in a ugi exam what differs from a single contrast method to a double contrast method
no EZ gas in a single contrast method
in Upper GI Series (UGIS) what is the recommended contrast agent used
EZ Gas bottle ( 1 thick & 1 thin )
cup of barium sulfate
what is the technique for drinking the contrast agent for a esophagram
take in a deep breath blow it out, then drink the agent rapidly without breathing until told to stop when exposure is completed
what level is the central ray for an esophagram
T5 / T6
what is the preferred position for an esophagram which allows complete filling of the esophagus utilizing gravity
recumbent
what is the preferred oblique position for the esophagram exam because it allows unobstructed view of the esophagus between the vertebrae and the heart
RAO
what are the secondary basics of room preparation for most exams of the GI system
(CCSC)
contrast (sufficient amounts available)
compression paddle
scout films are available
cassettes (sufficient amounts available)
what are the first basics of room preparation for most exams of the GI system
(FITPKL)
footboard
intensifier (turn on)
timer (fluoro set for 5 min)
KVP (between 100-1100)
lead
what are the three things to remember when scheduling an appointment for examinations of the alimentary tract
1. appointments are done on a case by case basis
2. patient prep time should be considered
3. request for exam or consultation is required prior and must be authorized with an MD signature w/ proper PT HX
when are non barium contrast agents used in radiographic exams
when a perforation of the GI tract is suspected
the rate at which barium sulfate passes through the GI system depends on what
suspension
temperature
consistency
peristalsis (contraction & movement of bowels)
what is the contrast agent used for routine GI studies universally of the alimentary canal
barium sulfate
when a patient is obliqued for a radiography of the alimentary canal what is the angle of elevation
35-45 degrees
what is the maneuver demonstrating the complete closure of the glotttis
valsalva maneuver
what is the injection of liquids into the intestines
enteroclysis
what is the surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the body surface
colostomy
what is the method used to view for lesions beyond the duodenum and detection of pancreatic disease with a double contrast agent
hypotonic duodenography
what is biphasic
when both single and double contrast are used on the same day
double contrast utilizes what type of agents
gaseous and opaque
single contrast only uses what type of agent, and is also known as what
opaque contrast only
known as solid contrast
what is the term for an infection of the abdominal cavity, usually caused by a ruptured appendix
peritonitis
what is the condition called for an inflamed appendix
appendicitis
what is the wormlike structure located on the distal end of the cecum
vermiform appendix
what are the two names of the sphincters of the rectum
ani internus
ani externus
what is the terminal portion of the large intestine
rectum
what part of the large intestines curves to form an "S"
sigmoid
what are the three sections of the colon
ascending
transverse
descending
what are the two flexures of the large intestines and what side of the body is each located on
splenic flexure (left)
hepatic flexure (right)
what is the first portion of the large intestine but the last portion visualized during barium enemas
cecum
what is the first portion of the large intestine
the cecum
what are the divisions of the large intestines
cecum
colon
sigmoid
rectum
vermiform appendix
what are the three main functions of the large intestines
absorption of water
secretion of mucous
elimination of waste
what begins in the right iliac region of the terminal ilieum and is the distal portion of the alimentary canal
large intestine
what are the three main functions of the small intestines
digest food
absorbs the end products of digestion onto the blood lymph
secretes hormones
what are the vascular projections of the small intestines called
villi
what guards the opening between the ileum and the first portion of the large intestines
ileocecal valve
what is the third section of the small intestine called
ileum
what is the second portion of the small intestines
jejunum
what is the first, most proximal portion of the duodenum called
duodenal bulb
what are the three divisions of the small intestines
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
which type of secretory cells in the stomach are also known as zymogenic cells and secrete enzymes of gastric juices
chief cells
what is the area of the esophagus that passes through the diaphragm called
esophageal or hiatal opening
what are the three muscle tissue types that the muscular layer of the stomach is divided into
longitudinal
circular
oblique
who's function is to prepare food for absorption by altering the chemical and the physical composition of food so it can be utilized by body cells
gastrointestinal system
what is the milky white material known as, that the gastric juices of the stomach forms after being mixed with food
chyme
what is the hormone that the stomach produces in cells within the pyloric region
gastrin
achlorhydria is a characteristic of what condition
pernicious anemia
what is it called when the atrophy of gastric mucosa results in a decrease in gastric enzymes and hydrochloric acid in the stomach
achlorhydria
which type of secretory cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid
parietal cells
what are the two major secretory cells contained in the gastric glands of the stomach
chief cells
parietal cells
what is the inner most layer of the stomach
mucousal layer
which is the most outer layer of the stomach
serosa
what are the four layers of the stomach
serosa
muscular layer
submucous layer
mucousal layer
what is the condition found in infants that makes this sphincter of such clinical importance
pyloric stenosis
what are the two sphincter muscles of the stomach
cardiac sphincter
pyloric sphinctor
what is the larger convex curvature of the stomach
greater curvature
what is the smaller concave curvature of the stomach called
lesser curvature
what are the four anatomical parts of the stomach
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
what lies in the upper part of the abdominal cavity under the liver and diaphragm
stomach
which portion of the peritoneal cavity attaches from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the doudenum
lesser omentum
which portion of the peritoneal cavity has the appearance of an apron hanging loosely over the intestines
greater omentum
which portion of the peritoneal cavity attaches the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall
transverse mesocolon
which portion of the peritoneal cavity is a sling like projection of parietal peritoneum form the lumbar region to the posterior abdominal wall
mesentary
what are the four different portions of the peritoneal cavity
mesentary
transverse mesocolon
greater omentum
lesser omentum
what is the serous outer coat of the organs called
visceral layer
what is the large continuous sheet of serous membranes which line the walls of the entire abdominal cavity called
parietal layer
what is the short dilated end of the esophagus called
cardiac antrum
what is the collapsible tube that conveys masticated food from the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
what are the pair of rod shaped structures located near the base of the epiglottis
cunieform
what are the small conical shaped cartilages of the larynx
corniculates
what are the most important of the paired laryngeal cartilages
arytenoids
what is the cartilage of the larynx that represents a signet ring
cricoid cartilage
what is the leaf shaped cartilage in the larynx that prevents the aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs
epiglottis
what is the largest of the nine cartilage of the larynx
thyroid cartilage
what are the two types of tissue folds in the larynx
false vocal cords
true vocal cords
what is the main function of the larynx
respiration
what is also know as the voice box and consists of nine connecting cartilages
larynx
what are the three anatomical portions that the pharynx is divided into
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
what is the elastic tube which is utilized by both the digestive and respiratory systems
pharynx
what are the papillae that are white filamentous structures that are distributed over two thirds of the tongue
filiform
what papillae are found on the sides and apex of the tongue and have the taste buds located on them
fungiform
what type of papillae form an inverted "v" shape on the tongue
circumvallate
what are the three types of papillae on the tongue
circumvallate
fungiform
filiform
what are the rough elevations on the surface of the tongue called
papillae
which muscle of the tongue is important during deglutition and speech
extrinsic
what two types of muscles is the tongue divided into
intrinsic
extrinsic
what are the structures that form the buccal cavity
lips
cheeks
tongue
palates
what are the major components of the GI system
mouth (buccal cavity)
tongue
pharynx
larynx
esphophagus
peritoneal cavity
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
how long is the alimentary canal and where does it extend to and from
29-30 feet long from mouth to anus
what are the four layers of tissue which compose the alimentary canal
mucous lining (inner)
submucous coat
muscular coat
fibroserous coat (outer)
the main organs of digestion form a tube known as what
the alimentary canal
which addison's planes are the vertical lines that pass through the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the symphysis pubis
right and left sagittal planes
what addison's plane joins the tubercles on the iliac crest
transtubercle plane
what addison plane extends transversely midway between the manubrium notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis
transpyloric plane
what are the regions of the lower abdomen
Right Iliac
Hypogastrium
Left Iliac
what are the regions of the middle abdomen
Right Lumbar
Umbilical
Left Lumbar
what are the regions of the upper abdomen
Right Hypochondrium
Epigastrium
Left Hypochondrium
how many regions is the abdomen divided into
9
which body habitus is the massive type and represents 5% of the total population
hyperasthenic
which body habitus is slender and represents 10% of the total population
asthenic
which body habitus is more slender than the sthenic, but more massive than the asthenic and represents 35% of the total population
hyposthenic
which body habitus is the most common type and represents 50% of the total population
sthenic
what are the four body habitus of the stomach
sthenic
hyposthenic
asthenic
hypersthenic
what is esophageal varices
enlarged tortuous vein, artery, or lymphatic vessel
what is egestion
evacuation of waste or undigested material
what is deglutition
swallowing
what is insalivation
mixing with saliva
what is mastefication
chewing
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