Study Biology Exam 1 Flash Cards

 
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Biology Exam 1

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the science taht seeks to understand the living world
Biology
collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates tge cell from its surroundings
cell
single celled organism
unicellular
many celled organisms
mulicellular
organisms produce new organisms
reproduction
two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism
sexual reproduction
the new organism has a single parent
1. a single-celled organism divides in half to form to two new organisms
2. a portion of the of an organism splits off to form a new organism
asexual reproduction
change over time
evolve
increase in size
grow
cells in an organism become different
develop
organisms taht rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply
comsumer
use energy from the enviroment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic molecules into complex molecules
producer
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
metabolism
the process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable
homeotasis
involesg one or more of the sense- sight, hearing, touch, smell, and sometimes taste- to gather information
observation
the information gathered from observation
data
a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience
inference
the idea that life could arise form nonliving matter
spontaneous generation
the variables taht are kept unchanged throughout the experiment
controlled variables
two compound microscopes which focus on the same point from slightly different angles which gives a three demensional look to the specimen
stereomicroscope
allows light to pass through the specimen and use two lenese to form on image
light microscope
basic unit of matter
atoms
carry no charge and make up the nuecleus along with protons
neutrons
strong forces bind protons together to form the nuecleus which is at the center of the atom
nuecleus
a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
compound
positevly and negatively charged atoms
ion
when molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
van der waals forces
a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
mixture
the smallest unit of most compounds
molecule
the substance that is dissolved
solute
materials that do not dissolve when placed in water but separates into pieces so small they do not settle out
suspension
any compound that forms H+ ions in solution
acid
weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
buffer
a possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question
hypothesis
involve characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted
qualitative observations
involves numbers
quanitative observations
whenever possible, a hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only one variable is changed at one time and all the other variables should be kept unchanged
controlled experiment
the factors in an experiment that can change
variables
the variable that is deliberatly changed
manipulated/independant variable
the variable that is observed
responding/dependant variable
hypothesis that may become so well supported that scientists consider it______
theory
a deciaml system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10
system of international units
liter, m3
volume
seconds
time
meter
length
grams
weight/mass
the part of Earth that contains oll ecosystems
biosphere
community and its nonliving surroundings
ecosystem
populations that live together in a defined area
community
group of organisms of one type that live in the same area
population
individual living thing
organism
tissues, organs, and organ systems
groups of cells/tissue/organs
genetic code
DNA
the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence on oxygen
cellular respiration
positively charged particles that are located in the center of the atom
protons
a negatively charged particle with 1/1840 mass of a proton
electrons
atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
isotope
formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
forms when electrons are shared between atoms
covalent bond
an attraction between molecules of the same substance
cohesion
an attraction between molecules of different substances
adhesion
mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed
solution
the substance in which the solute dissolves
solvent
measurement scale that indicates the concentration fo H+ ions in a solution
pH scale
a compound that produces hydroxcide ion s in solution
base
a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
element
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