Study RAP III 10.1 - 10.3 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
RAP III 10.1 - 10.3

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what are the four characteristics of good contrast media
1.demonstrates structure clearly

2.does not permanetly alter the appearance

3.produces as little toxicity as possible

4. is eliminated unchanged
what are the two systems that creates the gaseous exchange in the body
circulatory system

respiratory system
what are the most lateral and inferior portions of the lung
costophrenic angles
what is characterized by repeated sequences of deep gasps and apnea and is seen in patients suffering from increased intracranial pressure
biot's breathing
what is a periodic type of abnormal breathing often seen in terminally ill or brain damaged patients
cheyne-stokes
what is the cessation of breathing in the inspiratory position
apneusis
what is the temporary cessation of breathing
apnea
what refers to dyspnea while lying down and is relieved by sitting or standing up. Common in patients with heart disease
orthopnea
referred to labored or difficult breathing
dyspnea
what is a decrease in pulmonary ventilation that results in elevated blood levels of carbon dioxide
hypoventilation
what is the increased ventilation in excess of need for oxygen
hyperventilation
what is increased breathing that is regulated to meet the increased demand by the body for oxygen
hyperpnea
normal quite breathing
eupnea
what is the complete exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body's cells
respiration
what is the flow of oxygen through the respitory system
nose/mouth-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli
the mediastinum contains all the thoracic viscera except what
lungs
what is an oblong and wide area between the two plueral cavities
mediastinum
how many lobes does the right lung have
3
how many lobes does the left lung have
2
how many lobes do the lungs have
5
what is inflammation of the pleura
pleurisy
what are the two layers of the pleura
visceral layer
parietal layer
what is the serous membrane that covers each lung
pleura
what is the broad inferior surface of the lung
base
what is the most superior portion of the lungs
apices
what allows the passage of the bronchi and the pulmonary vessels into each lung
Hilum
what are the cone shaped organs that completely fill the pleural portion of the thoracic cavity
lungs
what extends from the bifurcation of the trachea to the lungs
bronchi
what consists of 15-20 "C" shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
trachea
what is another name for the windpipe
trachea
what are the 3 functions of the larynx
portion of the airway to the lungs
protects the airway against liquids and solids during swallowing
aids in vocalization and phonation
what 3 roles do the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles have
swallowing
respiration
vocalization
what two groups are the extrinsic muscles divided into
elevators
depressors
what are the muscles that insert on the larynx but originate elsewhere
extrinsic
what are the muscles that both originate and insert in the larynx
intrinsic muscles
what are the two types of muscle groups attatched to the larynx
intrinsic
extrinsic
what are the two small conical cartilages that rest on the apex of each arytenoid
corniculate cartilage
what are the two pyramid shaped cartilages on the upper border of the cricoid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
what are the two small elongated cartilages which are placed on each side of the arytenoid cartilage
cuneiform cartilages
what is also known as the signet ring cartilage and assists in the forming of the posterior wall of the larynx
cricoid cartilage
what cartilage in the pharynx forms the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, is leaf shaped and closes off the trachea
epiglottis
what cartilage in the larynx is the largest and known as the Adam's Apple
thyroid cartilage
how many cartilages form the larynx framework
9
what is the slit like opening between the true vocal cords called
glottis
which vocal cords are the lower cords and are the primary function in vocalization
true vocal cords
which vocal cords are the upper cords and have no function in vocalization
false vocal cords
what contains both the true and false vocal cords
larynx
what located between the root of the tongue and the trachea
larynx
what is also known as the voice box
larynx
what serves as a passageway for both the respiratory and digestive tract
pharynx
what is the most posterior portion of the pharynx
laryngo pharynx
what contains the second and third pairs of tonsils
oropharynx
what may produce obstruction to the posterior nares
enlargement of the adenoids
what are the first of three pairs of tonsils called
pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
what is the most superior portion of the pharynx
nasopharynx
what are the three anatomical regions that the pharynx is subdivided into
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
what are the 4 functions of the nose
passageway for air
filters, warms and moisturizes air
serves as an organ of smell
aids in phonation
what is located in the nose that helps to filter out dust and foriegn bodies
nose hairs
what are the mucous membranes, housing the sebaceous glands, 2 functions
filter bacteria
moisturize & warm air as it enters the body
the nose is lined with what type of glands
sebaceous glands
what is the internal portions of the nose seperated by
nasal septum
what are the openings of the internal nasal cavity called
posterior nares
what are the external openings into the nasal cavities of the nasal fossa called
anterior nares
what 7 organs do the respiratory system consist of
mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
the aveoli serve as what
gas exchanger
all respiratory components function as distributors of air except what
the aveoli
what system is a air distributor and gas exchanger
respiratory system
an examination of the bronchial tree using a bronchoscope
broncoscopy
flouroscopic and radiographic exam of the lung and bronchial tree after the injection of a contrast agent
bronchography
an abnormal duct or passage from an abcess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or another hollow organ
bronchopleuralcutaneous fistula
a blockage affecting one or more bronchi
bronchial obstruction
an acute or chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the lungs
pneumonia
air/gas in the pleural space
pneumothorax
chronic dialation of the bronchial tubes accompanied by cough and mucopurulent matter
bronchiectasis
to cough up blood from the lungs or bronchial tubes
hemoptysis
a muscular partition seperating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and functioning in respiration
diaphragm
pertaining to internal organs, particularly those within the abdominal cavities
viscera
pertaining to the lungs or pulmonary artery
pulmonary
what is the purpose of the arthroscope
it allows the joints to be viewed without open surgical exploration and provides the patient with better post-surgical cosmetic results
why is a 48" SID recommended over a 40 " SID in arthrography
decrease magnafication
what is the target film distance used for arthrography
40 - 48"
what is utilized in arthrography to delineate the soft tissue structure of the joint space
soft tissue technique
what are the radiographic positions used to perform follow-up examinations of vertical ray method of arthrography
1-2" cone down
*PA
*Lateral
*30 Degree Oblique
*Tunnel View
what are the most commonly used iodinated contrast mediums used in an arthro tray
hypaque & renografin
what is the most common site of arthrography in an child
hips
what is the most common site of arthrography in an adult
knee
what are the anatomical sites for performing arthrography
knee
shoulder
hip
wrist
temporomandibular joint
any incapsilated joint
what is the type of arthrography that utilizes a combination of gaseous and water soluble contrast agents (double contrast radiography)
horizontal ray method
what is the method of arthrography that utilizes the xray tube in a verticle position and a single contrast agent
vertical ray method
what are the two types or methods of arthrography
vertical ray method
horizontal ray method
arthrography utilizing a combination of both gaseous and water soluble contrast agents
double contrast arthrography
arthrography utilizing a radiopaque water soluble iodinated contrast agent
opaque arthrography
arthrography involving the use of gaseous contrast agents
pneumo arthrography
a radiographic exam of the joints, menisci, ligaments, articular cartilage, bursae and all soft tissue structures of the joints
arthrography
what reaction causes a myocardial infarction
hemodynamic reaction
what is the reaction that refers to the characteristics of blood flow
hemodynamic reaction
what is the excessive release of blood plasma through the capillary walls
histamine imbalance reaction
what produces these three conditions:
vasodilation
increased gastric secretion
constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle
histamines
what is the responsibilties of xray technicians during emergency situations involving contrast agents
recognize a reaction
notify the physician
perform life saving measures
assist the physician
what are the functions of radiolucent contrast agents
utilized in negative studies of the:
brain
joint spaces
double contrast studies
what type of agents has low osmolarity, which results in reduction in contrast reactions
non-ionic contrast agents
what type of radiopaque is used to view the lymphnodes and vessels
iodized oils
where is the radiopaque injected for a myelography
into the spinal canal
what type of radiopaque is used for myelography
amipaque
what is salpix used for
(HSG) hysterosalpingiography - used for viewing the uterus and fallopian tubes
if the gallbladder is not visualized after a cholecystography what is required
the patient needs to return in 24 hours for follow up films
what procedure helps identify small radiolucent stones or to visualize the bile ducts
chalecystography
what is the contrast material used for the biliary tract
cholecystopaques
after the gallbladder is visualized the patient may be given what to determine the extent and duration of the gallbladder contractility
cholecystogogue
the meal immediately before ingestion of telepaque should be what
fat free
what are the two ways cholecystopaques are administered
orally
injection
what contrast agent is used when a perforation of the GI tract is suspected
gastrografin
what are the two functions of contrast media
fill & coat
what is the most common way to administer contrast agents
intravenously
what are the ways to administer contrast agents
orally
anally
intravenously
what is the most commonly used radiopaque for the GI tract
barium sulfate
what are the common radiolucent agents
oxygen
carbon dioxide
room air
what type of contrast material is considered negative
radiolucent
what casts a dark shadow on the finished radiograph and a light area on the fluoroscopic screen
radiolucent
what are contrast agents that are less dense than the body tissue
radiolucents
what kind of contrast media is radiopaque termed as
positive
appears as a light shadow on the radiograph and dark on fluoroscopy
radiopaque
a contrast agent that is denser than the body tissue
radiopaque
what is the purpose of performing special procedures
because tissues of varying densities and thickness absorb different quantities of radiation, a contrast media is used to better distinguish one part from another under the influence of xray
a substance introduced into anatomy to produce structual contrast special radiography
contrast agents
a radiographic method of demonstrating anatomy that lacks natural contrast from the surrounding structures
special procedures
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