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Chemistry

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inhibitor
a substance that slows a reaction
Enzymes
help your body use food for fuel
Catalyst
Substance that Speeds up the rate of reaction
Limiting reactent
the substance that there is not enough of
Concentration
the amount of substances ppresent in a certin volume
Activation energy
the amount of energy the particles must have when they collide with eachother.
Insoluble
A compound that cannot disolve in water
Soluble
A compound that can disolve in liquid
Le Chatelier's Principle
If stress is applied to a system at equailibrium the system shifts into the direction that relieves that stress
Dynamic Equailibrium
When opposite reactions are taking place at the same time.
equallibrium
When no net change occurs in a reaction
Combustion
A reaction inwhich a substance rapidly combines with oxygen to form one more
Double Displacement
The positive ions of 2 ionic compounds are interchanged
Single Displacement
A reaction in which 1 reactent replaces the other in a compund
Decompisition
when one compund break down into 2 or more sinmpilar substances
synthesis
When 2 or more substances combine to form a single product
Coefficient
A number infront of the reactent to indicate how many units are involved
Product
When reactants undergo a chem. change, each new substance that is formed is this
reactant
a substance that undergos a reaction
Hydroncarbon
an organic compound only containing the elements carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic Compounds
Compounds not containing carbon
Organic Compounds
Compounds containing carbon
Allotrops
Molecules that differ in crystalline or molecular structure
Molecular Element
A molecule that forms when atoms of the same element bond.
Distillation
the method of seperating substances from a mixture by evaporating the liquid
anhyrous
Heating hydrates to drive off water.
Deliquescent
substances taking up enough water in the air to disolve from a liquid solution
Hygroscopic
Compounds that easily absorb water from air
Polyatomic Ion
an ion that has 2 or more different elements
Oxidation Number
The charge on the ion
Formula Unit
The simplest ratio of ions
Binary compounds
a compound only containing 2 elements
Interparticle forces
The forces between molecules
Electrolyte
any compoud that conducts electricity when disolved or melted in water.
Molecule
an uncharged group of 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond.
Covalent Compound
A compound who's atoms are held together by covalent bonds
Covalent Bond
the attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons
Ionic Bond
strong attractive force between ions of opposite charge
Ionic compuond
A compund composed of ions
The octet rule
an atom becomes stable by having 8 electrons in its outer energy levels.
Chemical Properties of Carbin Dioxide
denser than air, deprives fire of oxygen
Physical Properties of Carbon Dioxide
colorless, odorless gas, and tasteless gas. Soluble in water
Propertise of Chlorine
Pale green, Poisonous at room temp
Properties of Sodium
Shiney silvery white. Metalic element. can be cut with a knief.
Chemical properties of salt
it's state doesnt change very easily. Melts at 800 degrees C
Physical Properties of Salt
solid at room temperature. brittle crystals.
Semiconductor
element that doesn't conduct as well as a metal, does so better than a non metal.
Metaliods
have chemical and physical properties of non metals.
Nonmetals
opposite of metals
Actinides
Second series of inner transition elements. 90-103
Lanthinides
First series of inner transition elements. consiting of number 58=71
transition elements
elements in grps. 3-12
Metals
Elements that have luster, conduct heat and electricity, and can bend without breaking
Noble gases
grp. 18 elements
Group
vertical columns
Period
A horizontal row
Periodic Law
Physical and chemical properties of the elements recur in a regular pattern when they are arranged in an increasing atomic number
Periodicity
The tendancy to recur at regular intervals
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