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POTUS 31
Herbert Hoover
Republican
1929-1933
POTUS 30
Calvin Coolidge
Republican
1923-1929
POTUS 29
Warren G. Harding
Republican
1921-1923
POTUS 28
Woodrow WIlson
1913-1921
Democrat
POTUS 27
William Howard Taft
Republican
1909-1913
POTUS 26
Theodore Roosevelt
Republican
1901-1909
Debs v. United States (1919)
certain rights of U. S. citizens are restrained during a time war time or any other time the government feels the need to censor and impair such rights.
Schneck v. United States (1919)
government can alter certain amendments and rights during a time of war when the citizen’s freedom of speech could pose as a “clear and present danger” to the country.
Muller v. Oregon (1905)
This allowed sociological evidence to be considered by the court when making its judgments.
Lochner v. New York (1905)
“substantive due process” era, in which the Court struck down a number of state laws that interfered with an individual’s economic and property rights.

even though states have the power to regulate the areas of health, safety, morals, and public welfare, the New York law in question was not within the limits of these “police powers” of the State.
Northern Securities Company v. United States (1904)
company formed to eliminate competition between two railroads was in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act because it restrained interstate and international commerce.

applies to any conspiracy, which seeks to eliminate competition between otherwise competitive companies
Insular cases
The Constitution and citizenship do not automatically follow U.S. annexation of a territory.

federal government to decide when and which peoples in the the various American territories received citizenship
Point 14
League of Nations
Point 5-13
self determination of peoples
Point 4
reduction of arms
Point 3
no economic barriers
Point 2
freedom of the seas
Point 1
no secret treaties
Amendment 19
women's suffrage
Amendment 18
prohibition of alcohol
Amendment 17
direct election of senators
Amendment 16
income tax
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
separate but equal
The United States v E.C. Knight Co (1895)
federal government could not regulate manufacturing companies

Only the states could regulate interstate activities such as manufacturing.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
needs of the people are greater than the needs of property
POTUS #25
WIlliam McKinley
1897-1901
Republican
POTUS #24
Grover Cleveland
1893-1897
Democrat
POTUS #23
Benjamin Harrison
1889-1893
Republican
Kansas-nebraska act
Kansas and nebraska popular sovreignty
railroad in the north
Missouri compromise repealed
Crittenden Compromise
Reestablish 36'30 line
insure slavery in the South
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave act strengthened
Utah new mexico popular sovreignty
California enters as free state
Slave trade banned in DC
Wilmot Proviso
Mexican cession land is free
Missouri Compromise
Missouri enters as slave state
Maine enters as free
no slavery above 36'30 line
Amendment 15
Citizens retain the right to vote no matter what race, religion, or party.
Amendment 14
All citizens have equal protection under the law
Amendment 13
Slavery is abolished
Amendment 12
Electoral College
Amendment 11
People cannot sue the state
Amendment 10
States retain rights
Amendment 9
People retain rights
Amendment 8
No excessive bails/fines/punishment
Amendment 7
trial by jury in civil cases
Amendment 6
right to an attorney
Amendment 5
due process of law, double jeopardy
Amendment 4
No search/seizure without warrants
right to privacy
Amendment 3
No quartering of troops
Amendment 2
Right to bear arms
Amendment 1
Freedom of Speech, press, etc
Article 7
9/13 vote to ratify
Article 6
constitution is supreme law of the land
Article 5
Amendment Process
Article 4
Relations with the States
Article 3
Judicial Branch
Article 2
Executive Branch: President + VP
Article 1
Legislative Branch: 2 House Congress
Civil Rights Cases
The government cannot control discrimination by private individuals
Ex Parte Milligan
Only in places of active military operations can martial law be enacted
Ex Parte Merryman
Lincoln did not have the power to suspend habeas corpus
Dred Scott v Sandford
Slaves are considered to be property and not citizens
Worcester v Georgia
States cannot regulate in matters of Native Americans
Cherokee Nation v Georgia
Supreme Court cannot redress the past or prevent the future
Gibbons v Ogden
Conress can regulate interstate commerce
McCulloch v Maryland
federal institutions cannot be taxed
implied powers
Dartmouth College v Woodward
States must respect private contracts
Fletcher v Peck
States cannot nullify private contracts
Marbury v Madison
judicial review
declare laws unconstitutional
POTUS 22
Grover Cleveland
1885-1889
POTUS 21
Chester Arthur
Republican
1881-1885
POTUS 20
James A. Garfield
1881
Republican
POTUS 19
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican
1877-1881
POTUS 18
Ulysses S. Grant
Republican
1869-1877
POTUS 17
Andrew Johnson
National Union
1865-1869
POTUS 16
Abraham Lincoln
Republican
1861-1865
POTUS 15
James Buchanan
Democrat
1857-1861
POTUS 14
Franklin Pierce
Democrat
1853-1857
POTUS 13
Millard Fillmore
Whig
1850-1853
POTUS 12
Zachary Taylor
Whig
1849-1850
POTUS 11
James K. Polk
Democrat
1845-1849
POTUS 10
John Tyler
Whig - Anti-Jackson Democrat
1841-1845
POTUS 9
William Henry Harrison
Whig
1841
POTUS 8
Martin Van Buren
Democrat
1837-1841
POTUS 7
Andrew Jackson
Democrat
1829-1837
POTUS 6
John Quincy Adams
National Republican
1825-1829
POTUS 5
James Monroe
Republican
1817-1825
POTUS 4
James Madison
Republican
1809-1817
POTUS 3
Thomas Jefferson
1801-1809
Republican
POTUS 2
John Adams
1797-1801
Federalist
POTUS 1
George Washington
1789-1797
no party
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