Study Bio quiz #8 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Bio quiz #8

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cAMP receptor protein
is a regulatory protein in bacteria. This protein binds cAMP, which causes a conformational change that allows the protein to bind tightly to a specific DNA sequence in the promoters of the genes it controls
virulent phage
A phage that cannot become a prophage; infection by such a phage always leads to lysis of the host cell.
corepressor
a molecule that is capable of combining with a specific repressor molecule and activating it, thereby blocking gene transcription
viroid
a plant pathogen composed of molecules of naked circular RNA only several nucleotides long
viral envelope
a membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome
vaccine
a harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against a pathogen
transposon
a transposable genetic element; a mobile segment of DNA that serves as an agent of genetic change
transduction
a DNA-transfer process used by phages to carry bacterial genes from one host to another
transformation
1. the conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. 2. A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
temperate phages
phages that are capable of using either the lytic or lysogenic cycle
specialized transduction
the transfer of only those genes near the prophage site on the bacterial chromosome
reverse transcriptase
an enzyme encoded by some RNA virsues that uses RNA as a template for DNA
retrovirus
a RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome
regulatory gene
a gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes
repressor
a protein that surpresses the transcription of a gene
R plasmid
a bacterial plasmid carrying genes that confer resistance to certain antibodics
plasmid
a small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes seperate from those of a bacterial chromosome
prions
an infectious form of protein that may increase in number by converting related proteins to more prions
provirus
viral DNA that inserts into a host genome
prophage
a phage genome that has benn inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome
phage
a virus the infects bacteria
operon
a unit of genetic function common in bacteria and phages, consisiting of coordinatly regulated clusters of genes with related functions
operator
in prokaryotic DNA, a sequence of nucleotides near the start of an operon to which an active repressor can attach
nucleoid
a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
lysogenic cycle
a phage relication cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage and does not kill the host
lytic cycle
a type of viral replication cucle resulting in the release of enw phages by lysis of the host
insertion sequence
the simplilist kind of transposome, consisting of inverted repeats of DNA flanking a gene for transpoase
inducer
a specific small molecule that inactivates the repressor in an operon
HIV
the infectious agent that causes AIDS; HIV is an RNA retrovisurs
host range
the limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect and paraitize
generalized transduction
the random transfer of bacterial genes from one bacterium to another
F plasmid
the plasmid form of the F factor
F factor
a fertility factor in bacteria, a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili
episome
a genetic element that can exist either as a plasmid or as part of the bacterial chromosome
cyclic AMP (cAMP)
a ring shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule in eukaryotic cells
conjugation
a in bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined
AIDS
the name of the last stages of HIV infection; defined by a specified reduction of T cells
bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria
capsid
protein shell that encloses a viral genome
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