Study Renaissance and Reformation Flash Cards

 
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Renaissance and Reformation

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Where did the Renaissance begin and from when to when?
1300-1600 in Italy
Henry VIII
monarch of England and head of Anglican church
Anglican Beliefs
all people are sinful but baptism washes sin away and salvation through faith alone. Beliefs based on bible but king=head of church and there are high and low church services.
Anglican Where and When?
England 1534
Anabaptists Beliefs
adults had to be baptized, new testament=source of living and didn't need priests, shunned religious practices of the world. met in homes not churches and no religious decorations and no gov, wars, or weapons
Anabaptist Where and When?
Zurich Switzerland 1525
Calvanist Beliefs
Predestination, and salvation through faith. singing, dancing, drinking alcohol=not allowed and commiting sin is commiting a crime. met 5 times a week, and 2 sacraments: baptism and eucharist.
Calvaism Where and When?
Geneva, Switzerland 1541
Lutheran Beliefs
salvation only gained through faith and bible needed to be read by the people. Fathers are responsible for making kids pray before bed and woman expected to make healthy babies.
Lutheranism Where and When?
Wittenburg Germany 1517
Pope Paul III
promoted cardinals to the Curia and they made the rules for the church as a legislative body.
Council of Trent
talked about catholic beliefs and restated that humans could interpret the bible and BOTH faith and good work achieves salvation and pope is head of teh church on earth.
Act of Supremacy
made the moarch of England the pope as well
Simony
the selling of church positions
Indulgences
forgiveness of sins given to a person by pope in their lifetime
John Calvin
reformer born in France, believed salvation gained through faith only Preached predestination, staretd calvanism, started a theocrecy in Geneva, Switzerland.
John Tetzel
german monk hired by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences
How did the Catholic church react to the Protestant Reformation?
Counter Reformation: Inquisition, Jesuits, index of prohibited books, council of trent, and pope paul III.
How did the reformation affect Europe?
Many began to turn to Protestantism
What happened at the Diet of Worms and how did this effect Luther?
German princes from the holy roman empire met to tell Luther to abonden his views, after he denied, Charles V declared him an outlaw and illegal for anyone to give him food or shelter. He was excommunicated and broke away from the catholic church; making his own religion.
Where and when did it begin? (Reform)
1521, Worms
List and explain the causes for the Protestant Reformation
1) Priests were illiterate
2) Clergy broke vows of chastity
3) Officials led lives of leisure and luxury
4) Charged repenant Christians to see "holy objects."
5) Sold church offices to highest bidder
6) Sold indulgences
Shakespeare
english poet who introduced more than 1700 words to thw world through "A Midsummer's Night Dream," Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet etc.
Rembrandt
Dutch painter who did nature and landscapes.
Cervantes
Wrote "Don Quixote" to make fun of romantic notions of medieval chivalry.
Sir Thomas More
friend of Erasmus and english humanist who wanted social and economic reform. Wrote "Utopia."
Erasmus
Called for a translation of the bible into language of the people. Also concerned about the accumulation of wealth and material possesion of church practices. BOOK- "Praise of Folly" used to make fun of clergy behavior.
Petrarch
leader of Greek Orthodox church in Constantinople and scholar, poet, and humanist. One of first people to call Middle Ages the "Dark Ages."
Castiglione
humanist diplomat, wrote the Courtier, made a knight by Henry VII, and was ambassador of Spain. Courtier: teaches a man how to get a lady.
Michelangelo
Born 1475 near Florence and at 16 had two sculptures (La Pieta and Last Judgement) Knew the Medici family and had close ties with them through his father. Made the Medici family tomb and Sistene Chapel.
Donatello
one of first renaissance artists interested in ancient monuments. His-Statue of David, and the Cantoria. Invented new technique called Schiacciato or "shallow relief."
Leonardo Da Vinci
Paintings- Mona Lisa and The Virgin and child with St. Anne
Renaissance man, died near Ambroise and was military court painter for Louis XII. Inventor- flying machine and submarines
Raphael
Paintings- School of Athens and Disputation of the holy sacrament.
Appointed cheif architect of Saint Peters Basilica; died at 37 studied shading and anatomy and became linked to the Madonnas.
Medici Family
owned banking business that expanded into many diff. businesses such as wool, manuf, mining. They were among richest merchants and bankers in Europe. In 1434 they even controlled the Florence Gov.
List and explain Renaissance elements.
a. realistic portrayal of people
b. realistic portrayal of nature
c. expressive facial expressions
d. attention to light and shadow
e. use of soft, vibrant colors
f. use of perspective
g. themes other than religious (architecture, nature, farming etc.)
Describe 3 differences between northern and Italian Renaissance.
1)North used oil paints and Italians used fresco.
2)Italians used rock for sculptures while northerners used wood gravings.
3)Northern artists painted more realistic and humanistic.
Describe the ideal renaissance man and give some examples.
well-rounded: (specifics) excells in many things, inventor, tries lots of things ex) benjamin franklin and leonardo da vinci
What events brought about the Renaissance?
Crusades, corruption of middle ages
Why is the time period called the Renaissance?
It was a time of rebirth after the disorder and disunity of the medieval times.
Renaissance meaning?
"Rebirth"
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