Study Human Anatomy Final Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Human Anatomy Final

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What is the normal red blood cell count for males?
4,600,000 per cubic millimeter "/mm^3" to 6,200,000/mm^3
Know the different phases of the menstrual cycle.
1)follicle phase
2)ovulation
3)luteal phase
4)menstruation
What happens when a sperm enters an egg?
forms barrier, cell division, cell forms into zygote; protective barrier
What is endometriosis?
tissue similar to the inner lining of the uterus occuring within pelvic cavity. - may prevent pregnancy.
Describe the different methods of birth control.
pill, vasectomy, tubal ligation, condoms, spermicide, IUD
Describe sterilization of the male and the female?
male-vasectomy; surgically tie/cut vas deferens.
female-tubal ligation; surgically tie/cut fallopian tubes.
How many days are in the typical menstrual cycle?
28 days
What are the tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus?
fallopian tubes
What are the tubes connecting sperm in the testes to the urethra?
vas deferens
What are the tightly coiled tubes within the testes which produce sperm?
seminiferous tubules
Define puberty and describe in males and females.
puberty - stage of life during which a person's reproductive system starts to work.
-female - 8 to 11 yrs breasts develop, hips broader, hair growth
-male - 10 to 12 yrs voice deeper, hair growth, muscle stronger, skin thicker
Know the pathway of sperm after it enters the vagina.
vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes
What structure produces eggs in the female?
ovaries
What structure produces sperm in the male?
testes
What is the difference between gametes and gonads?
gamestes - female and male sex cells
gonads - female and male organs
Describe the urinary bladder.
tissue that stretch, hollow, distensible, muscular organ that stores urine and forces it into the urethra
What triggers the initiation of micturition?
stretch receptors, triggering micturition reflex
What is a nephron?
Functional unit of kideny, consisting of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Describe kidney function.
remove substances from blood, form urine, and help regulate certain metabolic processes
What is the path that waste products follow through the urinary system?
kidneys, tubular ureters, urinary bladder, tubular urethra, outside body
What function does the spleen play in the body?
filters blood. for ex. disfigured or broken blood cells, fight infection
What is an antigen?
protein marker
What role does interferon play in the body?
disengages viruses
What is the lymphatic system?
Network of vessels that transport fluid. Enables to destroy infectious microorganisms and viruses
Describe T-cells and B-cells.
Both fight infection;
T-cells - lumphocyte that interacts directly with antigen bearing particles and is responsible for cell mediated immunity; produced in thymus gland.
B0cells - lymphocyte that reactes against foreign substances in the body by producing and secreting antibodies; produced in liver
Define immunity.
resistance ot the effects of specific disease causing agents
What is the process where white blood cells engulf and destroy pathogens?
phagocytosis
What are lymph nodes?
A mass of lymphoid tissue located along the course of a lymphatic vessel
Be able to trace the blood flow through the heart.
superior/inferior vena cava, rt atrium, tricuspid valve, rt venticle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arterie, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle aortic valve, aorta, body
Describe arteries, veins, and capillaries.
arteries - carries blood and oxygen away from heart; very thick.
veins - carries blood and oxygen to the heart; thinner and have valves.
capillaries - in villi, carry digestive products to all parts of body; tiny.
What influences pulse rate?
adrenalin, exercise, anxiety, body temp
Why is the left ventricular wall of the heart thicker than the right wall?
left ventricle needs to be stronger and thicker to be able to pump to rest of body. Rt ventricle only needs to pump to lungs
What happens when a large amount of blood is lost?
oxygen cannot make its way to the brain, lack of oxygen causing shock and even death
What causes heart sounds?
closing of valves
Differentiate between erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes.
red blood cells,; platelets; white blood cells
Define leukopenia and leukocytosis.
leukopenia- when white blood count # drops below 5,000/mm^3
leukocytosis- when your body has to many white blood cvells and exceeds 10,000/mm^3
What is thelife span for a red blood cell and a white blood cell?
120 days; 2 years
What is the normal white blood count?
5-10,000 /mm^3
What is the average blood volume of a person?
5 liters
Where is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life?
red bone marrow
Define platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells.
platelets - aid in clogging blood
red blood cells - carry oxygen and hemoglobin
white blood cells - fights infection and bacteria
What happens to old red blood cells?
phagocytize-eaten up
Which blood type is the universal donor?
O
What has 20 c-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage which helps to maintain its shape?
trachea
How are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in the lungs?
cellular respiration and diffusion - through alvioli sacs, oxygen, etc
Follow air as it passes through the respiratory system.
mouth and nose, phrynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchial, alviolar duct, alvioli
What is the function of larynx?
speech and opens airway for lungs
What is the fuction of the liver?
secrete bile, breakdown fat, removes toxins from body
Define duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
dudodenum leads into small intestines and is where most digestion takes place; jejunum is the midsection; ileum is the last section
How are fatty foods digested?
bile - in the liver and liphase - in the pancreas
Define chyme.
food in the stomach
What is the function of the stomach?
Stores and breaks down food
What increases the surface area of the small intestines?
microvilli
Define digestion.
chemical, mechanical, and absobtion of the breakdown of food.
What is the order in which light passes through the eye?
cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina, optic nerve, brain
Why is it possible to transplant a cornea without fear of rejection?
contains few blood vessels
Receptors for hearing are located in the _________.
inner ear - cochlea
What stimulates olfactory cells and tastebuds?
olfactory bulb
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
iris
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