Study CIVIL WAR Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
CIVIL WAR

loading
2 MAJOR OUTCOMES
1. Fed Gov is supreme
-1st draft
-1st income tax
-greenbacks, NBS
-welfare system

2. NOrth is supreme
-Congress passed legislation
-high tariffs
-millionarie class
-transportation
CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
1. slavery banned
2. industrial surge
3. expanded fed powers of taxation
4. national banking system; print currency
5. army
6. federal courts
7. Freedman's Bureau
North Economic Boom
more prosperous
millionaire class
dishonest agents
sewing ma chines, measurements

GRAIN sent cotton packing
Jefferson Davis
view on central gov vs S's view of states rights
Lincoln had power as both chief executive and commander in chief w/o authorization or approval of congress b/c not in session
called for volunteers
authorized spending for the war
suspended writ of habeas corpus
supervised voting in BOrder States
Pacific Railway Act
authroized the building of a transcontinental RR over N route to link economies of CALI and W territories with E states
Morrill Land Grant Act
enouraged states to use the sale of federal land grantes to maintain agricultural and technical colleges
Homestead Act
promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering acres of land free to w/e person or family who would farm it
Morril Tariff Act
riased tariff rates to increase revenue and protect Am manufacturers
National Banking System
manage all added revenue moving in and out of Treasury
first unified banking network since BUS
N financed war
raising tarriffs (Moririll Tariff of 1861)
adding excise taxes
first income tax

US treasury issued Greenbacks
Riots against draft
Irish Am mod attacked blacks and wealthy whites
Conscription Acts
made all men liable for military service
-avoid service by finding sub or pay exemtion fee
Civil Liberties
gov is more concered with war than protecting citizen's rights
-suspended writ of habeas corpus

EX PARTE MILLIGAN
civilians had been subj to military trial
procedures only used when regular civilia courts were unavailable
Peace Dem & Copperheads
opposed war and wanted peace
Political Factions
radical: those who campained immediate abolition
moderate: free soilers who cared about economic opportunities for whites
3 Events
Sheridan takes Shenandoah Vally
Admiral Farragut takes Mobile Bay, AL
Sheridan takes Atlanta & March
Assassination of LIncoln
2nd inaugral speech
John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre killed Lincoln
last chance at lenient welcome to Union
Surrender at Appomatox
Lee was forced to surrender at the court house
Election of 1864
Dem's nominee: McClellan
called for peace, wide appeal for voters who've had enough of the war


Republicans renamed to Union party to attract votes of "War Democrats"
chose Lincoln as pres and Johnson
Sherman's March
led force from TN to Georgia then S Carolina
destroyed everything
took Atlanta in time to help Lincoln's reelection
destroyed Confederacy's will to fight
Grant uses attrition
Battles: Wilderness, Spotsylvania, & Cold Harbor
Gettysburg
Lee again tried the offensive side (Maryland and Penn)
-hoped to force N to call for peace or gain foreign aid
-S Army surprised Unikno in Gettysburg

Pickett's charge
Vicksburg (Spring 1863)
Union forces controlled New Orlnans and most of MIss Riv
Union artillery bombarded Vicksburg for 7 weeks b4 Confeds surrendered city
Freedman Army
54th Massachusettes Remines
Army of Freedom
13th Amendment
abolishing slavery
Confederate Raiders
Alabama raider captured 60 vessels b4 being sunk
Britain agreed to pay the US for damages cuased by teh S's raiders
Trent Affiar
Britain came close to siding w/ Confed
James Mason & John Slidell were Confed diplomats that traveled to England on The Trent to gain recognition
A Union warship stopped the British ship, taking the two men and brought them as POW
Lincoln released them to British demands
David Farragut
captured New Orleans
Grant and Missisipi
capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River
Albert Johnston's Confed army surprised Grant at Shiloh, TN
Union army held its ground and forced Confed to retreat
Draw
Monitor vs. Merrimac
Confed ironclad ship: Merrimac
Union ironclad ship: Monitor
5 hour duel in Virginia
Monitor prevented the S's ironclad ship from challenging US naval blockade
DRAW
Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia
General Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan
Attacked Lee's army
Draw
Battle of Antietam (Sept 1862)
Lee led armyb across Potomac into enemy Maryland
wanted to win victory on home turf to get attn from foreign powers
Lincoln let Mc command Union army b/c knew battle plan
BLOODIEST COMBAT 22,000 killed/wounded
Lincoln again removed Mc for last time
draw but Confed didn't get recognition or aid from foreign power
led to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
Second Battle of Bull Run
Lee drew Pope into a trap in N Virginia
Southern victory
Peninsula Campaign (March 1862)
-McClellan insisted that his troops be given a long period of training and disipline b4 battle
-Lincoln became impatient b/c delayed
-Mc's army invaded Virginia but was stopped by Confed Robert E. Lee
-Mc was replaced by John Pope
-Sourthern victory
Union Strategy
Winfield Scott deveised a three part strategy for winning long war
1. use the US navy to blockade Southern ports (Anaconda Plan)
2. Divide Confed in two by taking control of Mississippi Riv
3. Raise and train an army strong to take Richmond
First Battle of Bull Run
marched from Wash DC->Bull Run Creek @ Manassas Jujnction, Virginia

Union loss

General Thomas Jackson Stonewall: S commander
Confed faced shortage of money
-tried loans, income tax, and impressment of privat property
-revenues paid for only a small part of war's cost
-gov was forced to issue inflation paper money
Constitution of Confederacy
6 year term for Pres
denied the Confed congress teh powers to levy a protective tarriff and to appropriate funds for internal improvements
prohibit foreign slave trade
Sorth Political Advantage
wanted to turn Lincoln andRepubs to quit war b/c too costly
North Political Advantage
well established entral gov
experienced politicions w/ popular base
South Economic Advantage
hoped that overseas demand for cotton would bring recognition and financial aid
outside help is essentil if successful war for independence
North Economic Advantage
controlled banking and capital of country
skills for logistical spport of large military operations
South Military Advantage
fight defensivee war
move troops and supplies shorter distances
long, indented coasdtline that was difficult to blockade
experienced military leaders and high troop morale
North Military Advantage
more population
immigrants enlisted in Union
af am in Union
loyal us navy
Border States
Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, & Kentucky

stayed b/c of shrewd federal policies

loss of border states would increase Confed pop and weaken N's strategic position for war

reluctant to push emancipation of slaves
First Battle?
Fort Sumter
Charleston, S Carolina
-cut off from vital supplies & reinforcements by s control of the harbor
-Lincoln sent provisions of food
Place this card into pile: