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CIVIL WAR
CIVIL WAR
| 2 MAJOR OUTCOMES |
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1. Fed Gov is supreme -1st draft -1st income tax -greenbacks, NBS -welfare system 2. NOrth is supreme -Congress passed legislation -high tariffs -millionarie class -transportation |
| CONSEQUENCES OF WAR |
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1. slavery banned 2. industrial surge 3. expanded fed powers of taxation 4. national banking system; print currency 5. army 6. federal courts 7. Freedman's Bureau |
| North Economic Boom |
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more prosperous millionaire class dishonest agents sewing ma chines, measurements GRAIN sent cotton packing |
| Jefferson Davis |
| view on central gov vs S's view of states rights |
| Lincoln had power as both chief executive and commander in chief w/o authorization or approval of congress b/c not in session |
|
called for volunteers authorized spending for the war suspended writ of habeas corpus supervised voting in BOrder States |
| Pacific Railway Act |
| authroized the building of a transcontinental RR over N route to link economies of CALI and W territories with E states |
| Morrill Land Grant Act |
| enouraged states to use the sale of federal land grantes to maintain agricultural and technical colleges |
| Homestead Act |
| promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering acres of land free to w/e person or family who would farm it |
| Morril Tariff Act |
| riased tariff rates to increase revenue and protect Am manufacturers |
| National Banking System |
|
manage all added revenue moving in and out of Treasury first unified banking network since BUS |
| N financed war |
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raising tarriffs (Moririll Tariff of 1861) adding excise taxes first income tax US treasury issued Greenbacks |
| Riots against draft |
| Irish Am mod attacked blacks and wealthy whites |
| Conscription Acts |
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made all men liable for military service -avoid service by finding sub or pay exemtion fee |
| Civil Liberties |
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gov is more concered with war than protecting citizen's rights -suspended writ of habeas corpus EX PARTE MILLIGAN civilians had been subj to military trial procedures only used when regular civilia courts were unavailable |
| Peace Dem & Copperheads |
| opposed war and wanted peace |
| Political Factions |
|
radical: those who campained immediate abolition moderate: free soilers who cared about economic opportunities for whites |
| 3 Events |
|
Sheridan takes Shenandoah Vally Admiral Farragut takes Mobile Bay, AL Sheridan takes Atlanta & March |
| Assassination of LIncoln |
|
2nd inaugral speech John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre killed Lincoln last chance at lenient welcome to Union |
| Surrender at Appomatox |
| Lee was forced to surrender at the court house |
| Election of 1864 |
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Dem's nominee: McClellan called for peace, wide appeal for voters who've had enough of the war Republicans renamed to Union party to attract votes of "War Democrats" chose Lincoln as pres and Johnson |
| Sherman's March |
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led force from TN to Georgia then S Carolina destroyed everything took Atlanta in time to help Lincoln's reelection destroyed Confederacy's will to fight |
| Grant uses attrition |
| Battles: Wilderness, Spotsylvania, & Cold Harbor |
| Gettysburg |
|
Lee again tried the offensive side (Maryland and Penn) -hoped to force N to call for peace or gain foreign aid -S Army surprised Unikno in Gettysburg Pickett's charge |
| Vicksburg (Spring 1863) |
|
Union forces controlled New Orlnans and most of MIss Riv Union artillery bombarded Vicksburg for 7 weeks b4 Confeds surrendered city |
| Freedman Army |
|
54th Massachusettes Remines Army of Freedom |
| 13th Amendment |
| abolishing slavery |
| Confederate Raiders |
|
Alabama raider captured 60 vessels b4 being sunk Britain agreed to pay the US for damages cuased by teh S's raiders |
| Trent Affiar |
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Britain came close to siding w/ Confed James Mason & John Slidell were Confed diplomats that traveled to England on The Trent to gain recognition A Union warship stopped the British ship, taking the two men and brought them as POW Lincoln released them to British demands |
| David Farragut |
| captured New Orleans |
| Grant and Missisipi |
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capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River Albert Johnston's Confed army surprised Grant at Shiloh, TN Union army held its ground and forced Confed to retreat Draw |
| Monitor vs. Merrimac |
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Confed ironclad ship: Merrimac Union ironclad ship: Monitor 5 hour duel in Virginia Monitor prevented the S's ironclad ship from challenging US naval blockade DRAW |
| Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia |
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General Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan Attacked Lee's army Draw |
| Battle of Antietam (Sept 1862) |
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Lee led armyb across Potomac into enemy Maryland wanted to win victory on home turf to get attn from foreign powers Lincoln let Mc command Union army b/c knew battle plan BLOODIEST COMBAT 22,000 killed/wounded Lincoln again removed Mc for last time draw but Confed didn't get recognition or aid from foreign power led to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation |
| Second Battle of Bull Run |
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Lee drew Pope into a trap in N Virginia Southern victory |
| Peninsula Campaign (March 1862) |
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-McClellan insisted that his troops be given a long period of training and disipline b4 battle -Lincoln became impatient b/c delayed -Mc's army invaded Virginia but was stopped by Confed Robert E. Lee -Mc was replaced by John Pope -Sourthern victory |
| Union Strategy |
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Winfield Scott deveised a three part strategy for winning long war 1. use the US navy to blockade Southern ports (Anaconda Plan) 2. Divide Confed in two by taking control of Mississippi Riv 3. Raise and train an army strong to take Richmond |
| First Battle of Bull Run |
|
marched from Wash DC->Bull Run Creek @ Manassas Jujnction, Virginia Union loss General Thomas Jackson Stonewall: S commander |
| Confed faced shortage of money |
|
-tried loans, income tax, and impressment of privat property -revenues paid for only a small part of war's cost -gov was forced to issue inflation paper money |
| Constitution of Confederacy |
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6 year term for Pres denied the Confed congress teh powers to levy a protective tarriff and to appropriate funds for internal improvements prohibit foreign slave trade |
| Sorth Political Advantage |
| wanted to turn Lincoln andRepubs to quit war b/c too costly |
| North Political Advantage |
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well established entral gov experienced politicions w/ popular base |
| South Economic Advantage |
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hoped that overseas demand for cotton would bring recognition and financial aid outside help is essentil if successful war for independence |
| North Economic Advantage |
|
controlled banking and capital of country skills for logistical spport of large military operations |
| South Military Advantage |
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fight defensivee war move troops and supplies shorter distances long, indented coasdtline that was difficult to blockade experienced military leaders and high troop morale |
| North Military Advantage |
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more population immigrants enlisted in Union af am in Union loyal us navy |
| Border States |
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Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, & Kentucky stayed b/c of shrewd federal policies loss of border states would increase Confed pop and weaken N's strategic position for war reluctant to push emancipation of slaves |
| First Battle? |
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Fort Sumter Charleston, S Carolina -cut off from vital supplies & reinforcements by s control of the harbor -Lincoln sent provisions of food |
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