Study EEMB Lect. 9 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
EEMB Lect. 9

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What determines species diversity on an island?
1. rate of immigration
2. rate of extinction
3. island size
4. distance from mainland
What is the non-equilibrium view of community structure?
1. communities composition is always changing and never in balance
2. no global stability
3. communities are patch works of disturbance. Colonization and dispersal determine species diversity
Equil. Model of Island Biogeography predictions
1. small islands farthest away have fewest species
2. large islands near mainland have most species
3. turnover of species is high and the number of species on an island remains relatively constant
What was the conclusion drawn from Simberloff and Wilson's experiment?
Predictions of speed and recovery and # of species are accurate but species composition was different and turnover was low
What were the results of Simberloff and Wilson's experiment?
-there was equil. w/in a year
-farthest island from mainland had fewest species
-equil. #'s similar b/w pre and post fumigations but species composition was different
What was Wilson and Simberloff's Island Biogeography experiment?
On mangrove island (FL) fumigation of 6 islands, killed arthropods.
What were the conclusions of Paine's experiment?
1. mussels were competitive dominant (exclude others from space)
2. predator mediated coexistence
What was Paine's experiment?
he removed starfish and excluded them for 5 years.
Year 3: control had 28 species
treatment had 2 species (mussels/barnacles)
Year 5: control had 28 species
treatment had 1 species (mussels)
Why conserve biodiversity?
1. economic value
2. ecosystem services
3. environmental ethics
Ecosystem diversity
diversity of structure and function in an ecosystem
Species diversity
number and relative abundance of species
Genetic diversity
amount of genetic variation among species
What are the 3 levels of biological diversity?
1. genetic diversity
2. species diversity
3. ecosystem diversity
What is the equilibrium view of community structure?
1. communities structured by biotic interactions
2. communities display global stability
3. niche diversification determines species diversity
If extinction < immigration then
species diversity low
If extinction > immigration then
species diversity high
What does the equil. model of island biogeog. explain?
the process of succession on new islands and suggests # of species
Who came up with the Equilibrium Model of Island Biogeography?
MacArthur and Wilson
How is species richness correlated with island distance from mainland?
negatively (-)
How is species richness correlated with island size?
positively (+)
How can predation increase diversity?
by preventing competitive exclusion
Keystone species
strong influence on the community is greater than expected based on low abundance
Character displacement
(Darwin's Finches)
alterations of beak size and shape leads to coexistence
Resource partitioning
(Darwin's Finches)
all eat same food types but specialization on different food sizes
Long term scales (evolutionary)
interspecific competition INCREASES diversity
Short term scales (ecological)
interspecific competition DECREASES diversity
The NARROWER the average niche breadth
The MORE species in the community
(coexistence via resource partitioning)
The WIDER the average niche breadth
the FEWER the number of species in the community
(competitive exclusion)
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