Study drugs and society ch. 1-3 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
drugs and society ch. 1-3

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switching policy
An FDA policy allowing the change of suitable prescription drugs to over the counter status.

1. The drug is habit forming
2. The drug is not safe for self medication because of it’s toxicity
3. The drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe
An FDA policy allowing the change of suitable prescription drugs to over the counter status.

1. The drug is habit forming
2. The drug is not safe for self medication because of it’s toxicity
3. The drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe
switching policy
Social disorganization
Drug use is cause by rapid and disruptive social changes in society.
Drug use is cause by rapid and disruptive social changes in society.
Social disorganization
socialization
The process by which individuals learn to internalize the attitudes, values, and behaviors needed to become participating members of a conventional society
The process by which individuals learn to internalize the attitudes, values, and behaviors needed to become participating members of a conventional society
socialization
A theory that emphasizes when people are left without bonds to other groups (peers, family, social groups), they generally have a tendency to deviate from upheld values and attitudes.
control theory
control theory
A theory that emphasizes when people are left without bonds to other groups (peers, family, social groups), they generally have a tendency to deviate from upheld values and attitudes. Theorist emphasize the necessity of maintain bonds to family peers, and other social, political, and religious organizations.
Theorist emphasize the necessity of maintain bonds to family peers, and other social, political, and religious organizations.
control theory
secondary deviance
When the individual begins to identify and perceived themselves as deviants.
When the individual begins to identify and perceived themselves as deviants.
secondary deviance
first time violating the law.
primary deviance
primary deviance
Any type of initial deviant behavior in which the perpetrator does not identify with the deviance
Any type of initial deviant behavior in which the perpetrator does not identify with the deviance
primary deviance
A theory that emphasizes that other people perceptions directly influences one’s self image.
labeling theory
treatment strategies
The government’s developed strategies for combating drug use and abuse. Can involve drug courts, which are a process that integrates substance abuse treatment incentives, and sanctions and places nonviolent, drug involved defendants in judicially supervised rehabilitation programs.
Can involve drug courts, which are a process that integrates substance abuse treatment incentives, and sanctions and places nonviolent, drug involved defendants in judicially supervised rehabilitation programs.
treatment strategies
The government’s developed strategies for combating drug use and abuse.
treatment strategies
demand reduction strategy
Programs and activities often aimed at the youth, emphasis is placed on reformulating values, attitudes, skills, and behaviors conductive to resisting drug use. The Treatment programs do not address drug supply, it attempts to curb and eventually eliminate the need to purchase drugs by reducing the buyers demand. Demand reductions are better strategies in the long run, less costly than interdiction or penalties administered via the criminal justice system.
better strategies in the long run, less costly than interdiction or penalties administered via the criminal justice system.
Demand reduction strategy
The Treatment programs do not address drug supply, it attempts to curb and eventually eliminate the need to purchase drugs by reducing the buyers demand.
Demand reduction strategy
Programs and activities often aimed at the youth, emphasis is placed on reformulating values, attitudes, skills, and behaviors conductive to resisting drug use.
Demand reduction strategy
Demand reduction strategy
Programs and activities often aimed at the youth, emphasis is placed on reformulating values, attitudes, skills, and behaviors conductive to resisting drug use.
Interdiction strategy
The interdiction strategy is define as decreasing the amounts of these agents that are carried across the U.S. borders by using foreign crop eradication measures and agreements, by imposing stiff penalties for drug trafficking, and by controlling alcoholic beverages through licensing.
The interdiction strategy is define as decreasing the amounts of these agents that are carried across the U.S. borders by using foreign crop eradication measures and agreements, by imposing stiff penalties for drug trafficking, and by controlling alcoholic beverages through licensing.
Interdiction strategy
Inoculation Strategy
The inoculation method of abuse prevention aims to protect drug users by teaching them responsibility. This emphasis is on being accountable, rational, and responsible about drug use, and informing users about the effects of drugs on both the mind and bodily functions. For example, nonalcoholic parties and responsible drinkers who use designated drivers are outcomes of applying inoculation strategy.
For example, nonalcoholic parties and responsible drinkers who use designated drivers are outcomes of applying inoculation strategy.
Inoculation Strategy
This emphasis is on being accountable, rational, and responsible about drug use, and informing users about the effects of drugs on both the mind and bodily functions.
Inoculation Strategy
method of abuse prevention aims to protect drug users by teaching them responsibility.
Inoculation Strategy
Third category of drug users; these users vacillate between the need for pleasure seeking and desire to relieve moderate to serious psychological problems. This category of drug user has two major characteristics (1) a general focus mostly on using other people’s drugs (often without maintaining a personal supply of drugs) and (2) vacillation between the characteristics of chronic drug users and experimenter types.
Floaters
Structural influence theory
Focus on macroscopic explanations of drug use and the assumption that the organizational structure of society has a major independent impact on an individuals use of drugs.
Structural influence theories focus on how elements in the organization of a society, group, or subculture affect the motivation and resulting drug use behavior that is for nonmedical – most often recreational – use.
Structural influence theories focus on how elements in the organization of a society, group, or subculture affect the motivation and resulting drug use behavior that is for nonmedical – most often recreational – use.
Structural influence theory
Focus on macroscopic explanations of drug use and the assumption that the organizational structure of society has a major independent impact on an individuals use of drugs.
Structural influence theory
subculture theory
Explains drug use as a peer generating activity.
Explains drug use as a peer generating activity.
subculture theory
social influence
Focuses on microscopic explanations that concentrate on the roles played by significant others and their impact on an individual.
Focuses on microscopic explanations that concentrate on the roles played by significant others and their impact on an individual.
social influence
Define as the ratio b/t reinforcers favorable and disfavorable for sustaining drug use behavior.
Differential reinforcement
Sensation seeking individuals
People at the highest risk for drug use and addiction are those who maintain a constant preoccupation with getting high, seek new or novel thrills in their experiences, , and are known to have a relentless desire to pursue physical stimulation or dangerous behaviors.
People at the highest risk for drug use and addiction are those who maintain a constant preoccupation with getting high, seek new or novel thrills in their experiences, , and are known to have a relentless desire to pursue physical stimulation or dangerous behaviors.and are known to have a relentless desire to pursue physical stimulation or dangerous behaviors.
Sensation seeking individuals
“Addiction to pleasure” theory
This theory assumes that it is biologically normal to continue a pleasure stimulus once started.
This theory assumes that it is biologically normal to continue a pleasure stimulus once started.
“Addiction to pleasure” theory
Habituation
Repeating certain patterns of behavior until they become established or habitual.
Repeating certain patterns of behavior until they become established or habitual.
Habituation
Secondary groups
share segmented relationships in relationships in which interaction is based on prescribe role patterns
relationship b/t employees scattered throughout a corporation.
Secondary groups
share segmented relationships in relationships in which interaction is based on prescribe role patterns
Secondary groups
Primary group
are groups that share a high amount of intimacy and spontaneity and whose members are emotionally bonded e.g., families and long term friends.
People form expectations and become used to certain behavior patterns.
Social learning theory/model
The theory places emphasis on how an individual learns patterns of behavior from the attitudes of others, society and peers.
Social learning theory/model
mostly deal with mental or emotional states, which are often associated with or exacerbated by social and environmental factors.
Psychological theories
Compulsive
An increasing amount of time spent in substance-related activities, such as obtaining, using, and recovering from its effects.
An increasing amount of time spent in substance-related activities, such as obtaining, using, and recovering from its effects.
Compulsive
Unsuccessful attempts to cut down.
Withdrawal
Withdrawal
The experience of a characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the specific substance, which can be avoided by taking closely, related substances.
The experience of a characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the specific substance, which can be avoided by taking closely, related substances.
Withdrawal
Substance abuse
Considered to be maladaptive, leading to recurrent adverse consequences or impairment, it is carefully differentiated from true addiction.
The need for increase amounts of diminished effect of the same amount.
tolerance
Considered to be maladaptive, leading to recurrent adverse consequences or impairment, it is carefully differentiated from true addiction.
Substance abuse
Psychological dependence
The mental inability to stop using the drug or drugs.
The mental inability to stop using the drug or drugs.
Psychological dependence
Substance dependence
The essential feature of which is continued use despite significant substances related problems known to the user.
Physical dependence
Refers to the need to continue taking the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which often include feelings of discomfort and illness.
Refers to the need to continue taking the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which often include feelings of discomfort and illness.
Physical dependence
The essential feature of which is continued use despite significant substances related problems known to the user.
Substance dependence
Addiction
“A state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and society, which is characterized by an overwhelming desire to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means.”
Addiction is derived from the Latin verb addicere, refers to the process of binding things.
Addiction
“A state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and society, which is characterized by an overwhelming desire to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means.”
Addiction
Disease model
Specify addiction to be a chronic disease, over which the sufferer has no control. (most accepted).
Moral model
The belief that people abuse alcohol because they choose to do so.
Gateway drugs
Substances act on the CNS by increasing alertness, excitation, euphoria, pule rate, and blood pressure.

Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana – types of drugs used excessively may lead to using other and often more addictive drugs such as cocaine, heroin, or “crack.”
Substances act on the CNS by increasing alertness, excitation, euphoria, pule rate, and blood pressure.
Gateway drugs
Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana – types of drugs used excessively may lead to using other and often more addictive drugs such as cocaine, heroin, or “crack.”
Gateway drugs
Illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and lsd.
Illicit drugs
Legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, tobacco.
licit
That no one is immune from the use and/or abuse of both licit and illicit drugs.
Equal opportunity affliction
Equal opportunity affliction
That no one is immune from the use and/or abuse of both licit and illicit drugs.
Refers to the use of drugs, stressing that drug use cuts across all members of society regardless of income, education, occupation, social class, and age.
Equal opportunity affliction
psychoactive drugs
Drug compounds (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perceptions.
can be listed as either licit or illicit
psychoactive drugs
Drug compounds (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perceptions.
psychoactive drugs
drugs may be taken at fraternity parties, outdoors in a secluded area with other drug users, in private homes, secretly at work, or at rock concerts.
Contextual factor
Contextual factors
Define and determine personal dispositions toward drug use, as demonstrated by moods and attitudes about such activity.

The encompassing drug taking social behavior that develops from physical surroundings where the drug is used.
The encompassing drug taking social behavior that develops from physical surroundings where the drug is used.
Contextual factors
Define and determine personal dispositions toward drug use, as demonstrated by moods and attitudes about such activity.
Contextual factors
Cultural factors
Society’s views of drug use, as determined by custom and tradition, affect our initial approach to and use of a particular drug.
Society’s views of drug use, as determined by custom and tradition, affect our initial approach to and use of a particular drug.
Cultural factors
the belief that attitude about drug use develop from the values and attitudes of other drug users; the norms in their communities, subcultures, peer groups, and families and the drug user’s personal experiences with using drugs. These are also known as influencing social factors.
Social factors
Social factors
the belief that attitude about drug use develop from the values and attitudes of other drug users; the norms in their communities, subcultures, peer groups, and families and the drug user’s personal experiences with using drugs. These are also known as influencing social factors.
The motivation for taking a particular drug is affected by the needs such as diminishing physical pain; curing an illness; providing relaxation; relieving stress or anxiety; trying to escape reality; self medicating; heighten awareness, wanting to distort and change visual, auditory, or sensory inputs, or strengthening confidence.
Social factors
Pharmacological factor
The ingredients of a particular drug affect the functions of the body and the nervous system, which in turn affect social behavior
The ingredients of a particular drug affect the functions of the body and the nervous system, which in turn affect social behavior
Pharmacological Factor
The attraction to a particular drug can be explained as feelings rewarded or satisfied from social pressures that have become postponed, momentarily rectified, or neutralized and defined as problematic.
Social and psychological change
Social and psychological change
The attraction to a particular drug can be explained as feelings rewarded or satisfied from social pressures that have become postponed, momentarily rectified, or neutralized and defined as problematic.
Drugs enhance, slow down, or distort the reception and transmission of reality.
Pharmacological change
The use of such a drug alters body chemistry largely by interfering with (affecting) its proper (homeostatic) functioning.
Pharmacological change
Anti-drug abuse act of 1988
Established the creation of a drug-free America policy goal and established the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
Established the creation of a drug-free America policy goal and established the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
Anti-drug abuse act of 1988
Durham-Humphrey Amendment of (1951)
Established the criteria for determining whether a drug should be classified as prescription or non-prescription. If a drug does not fall into one of the following categories, it is considered non-prescription.
Established the criteria for determining whether a drug should be classified as prescription or non-prescription


If a drug does not fall into one of the following categories, it is considered non-prescription.

1. The drug is habit forming
2. The drug is not safe for self medication because of it’s toxicity
3. The drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe
Durham-Humphrey Amendment of (1951)
Harrison Act of (1914)
The first legitimate effort by the U.S government to regulate addicting substances.
The Sherley Amendment in (1912)
Extended the food drug and cosmetic act by requiring that labels could not contain “any statement regarding the curative or therapeutic effect which is false and fraudulent”
Extended the food drug and cosmetic act by requiring that labels could not contain “any statement regarding the curative or therapeutic effect which is false and fraudulent”
The Sherley Amendment in (1912)
Food drug and cosmetic act (1938)
It defined drugs to include products that affected bodily structure or function even in the absence of disease. Companies had to file applications with the government for all new drugs showing that they were safe (not effective – just safe).
The introduction of this act was influenced by the death of more than 100 patients due to a sulfanilamide medication where diethylene glycol was used to dissolve the drug and make a liquid form.
Food and drug and cosmetic act 1938
Companies had to file applications with the government for all new drugs showing that they were safe (not effective – just safe).
Food and drug and cosmetic act 1938
defined drugs to include products that affected bodily structure or function even in the absence of disease.
Food and drug and cosmetic act 1938
Food and drug act 1906
Products were called patent medicines, which signified ingredients were secret. The law allowed the FDA to control drug safety. The food and drug act: indicate how much of alcohol, marijuana, or any other drug was in the product. It did not allow the government to stop the distribution of dangerous preparations it was designed to reduce the weight.
Products were called patent medicines, which signified ingredients were secret. The law allowed the FDA to control drug safety.
Food and drug act 1906
indicate how much of alcohol, marijuana, or any other drug was in the product. It did not allow the government to stop the distribution of dangerous preparations it was designed to reduce the weight.
Food and drug act 1906
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