Study PERIO Exam 1 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
PERIO Exam 1

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Why is a clinical attachment level more accurate than a probing depth?
probing depths could be inaccurate due to tissue sweling, overgrowth of the tissues etc. gingiva can move back and forth, but attachment levels can not.
what are some other words for pus?
suppuration, exudate
What is baseline data?
the data that you use for comparison purposes. this is the data that gathered before beginning treatment, use this data as treatment progresses to compare improvement.
Define periodontitis associated with an endodontic lesion.
periodontal disease associated with dental of pulpal tissues.
Define an abcess.
pus containg lesion.
Define necrotizing periodontitis.
periodontal disease that involves tissue necrosis
Define chronic periodontitis.
the most common form.
Define agressive periodontitis.
highly destructive form. least responsive to periodontal therapy. rapid loss of attachment
What is tissue necrosis?
Localized tissue death.
What is the extracellular matric made up of?
60 % collagen fibers

30% gel-like substance

5% cells
Sulcular epithelium: kera or non-kera?
non-kera
Junctional epithelium: kera or non-kera?
non-kera
Oral epithelium: kera or non-kera?
kera
What aare the borders of the oral epithelium?
gingival margin and mucogingival junction
what are rete pegs?
waves of epithelium
what is the function of connective tissue?
to fill the space between tissues and organs
what is the function of the basal lamina?
to separate epithelial cells from connective tissue
What is a hemidesmosome and what is its function?
epithelial cell junction. connect cell to basal lamina
What is a desmosome and what is its function?
epithelial cell junction. connects cell to cell
What is the purpose of cell junctions?
to bind cells together so that they can function as a stronger unit
What are cell junctions?
structures that join cells to cells or cells to basal lamina
Do epithelial cells contain a blood supply?
No, epithelial cells gets its bloof from the connective tissue.
What shape are basal cells and what do they attach to?
cuboidal and they attach to the basal lamina
What is the difference between keratinized and nonkeratinized in regards to a nucleus?
cels that are keratinized do NOT have a nucleus

nonkeratinized cells DO have a nucleus.
What type of defect is seen during chronic periodontitis?
suprabony (horizontal, even) bone loss
What type of defect is seen during agressive bone loss?
infrabony (vertical,uneven) bone loss
Which is more common: chronic or agresssive periodontitis?
CHRONIC
Describe the difference between active and inactive perio pockets,
active- apical migration of JE continues

inactive- does not continue to progress. attachment levels remain the same over time
what is an osseous crater?
a bowl in the indental bone.
it is bone loss between two teeth
Describe fibrotic tissue.
pale pick, firm leathery consistency
Describe Edematous tissue.
purplish-blue in color, smooth & shiny consistency
what is the difference between infrabony bone loss and suprabony bone loss?
infra- vertical loss of the alveolar bone

supra- horizontal loss of the alveolar bone
what is a pseudo pocket?
a false pocket. there is no destruction of the PDL or alveolar bone
What is an infrabony defect?
When resorption of bone occurs in an oblique, uneven direction affecting only 1 tooth.
Why is periodontitis NOT reversible?
the PDL and Alveolar bone is destroyed
Name to clinical signs and symptoms of gingivitis.
bleeding upon probing.
gingival margin above CEJ.
No pain.
probe depths beyond 3mm
Name some factors that cause progression of gingivitis.
systemic disease, low immunes system
Describe how CHRONIC gingivitis looks
fibrotic, pale, firm, leathery
Describe how ACUTE gingivitis looks
red, shiny, swollen, soft
What attaches the JE to the enamel?
Hemidesosomes
Describe the color of a gingival pocket.
erthematous
Describe the consistency of a gingival pocket.
spongy due to increased intercellular fluid
Describe the contour of a gingival pocket.
Rolled margins and bulbous papillae
What does erythematous mean?
color of RED
Define periodontitis.
bacterial infection of the GPAC, not reversible.
Define gingivitis.
bacterial infection of only the gingiva, reversible.
What is the difference between periodontitits, gingivitis and peridontal disease?
Ging and Per-itis and both FORMS of periodontal disease
When does gingivitis appear?
4 to 14 days after plaque accumulation.
Give the JE location in Health, Gingivitis and Periodontitis.
Health- above the CEJ

Ging- AT the CEJ

Perio- Below the CEJ
What is the differenc between gingivitis and periodontitis in reference to attachment levels?
gingivitis= gingiva is still attached above the CEJ.

periodontitis= gingiva is NOT attached and below the CEJ
What si the difference ebtween clinical and sub clinical gingivitis?
clinical: looks inflamed to the eye.

subclinical: does not look inflammed, BUT bleeding upon probing.
What is the purpose of the blood supply to the periodontium?
To provide oxygen, nutrients and remove waste
Which nerve supplies the TEETH of the MANDIBLE?
inferior alveolar nerve
Which nerve supplies the TEETH of the MAXILLA?
superior alveolar nerve
Which nerves supply the GINGIVA of the MANDIBLE?
BML
Buccal nerve
Mental nerve
Lingural nerve
Which nerves supply the GINGIVA of the MAXILLA?
SING
Superior alveolar nerve
Infraorbital nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
Graeter palatine nerve
Which nerve innervates the teeth and surrounding structures?
trigeminal nerve
What is the relationship between the alveolar CREST and the CEJ in health?
The alveolar crest is 1-2 mm BELOW the CEJ.
What is the difference between interproximal and interridicular bone?
PROXIMAL- bone in between the teeth.

RIDICULAR- bone between the roots
what is the alveolar crest?
The most coronal portion of the alveolar bone
What sis the name of the connective tissue that covers the cortical bone?
Periosteum
What si the alveolus?
The socket that the tooth goes into.
What is a dehiscence?
CLEFT
What is a fenestration?
WINDOW
What is the difference between cortical bone and cancellous bone?
cortical bone is smooth, cancelous bone is SPONGY.
What are the components of the alveolar bone?
PAACC
P=periosteum
A=alveolus
A=alveolar bone proper
C=cortical bone
C=cancellous bone
When is alveolar bone NOT present?
When NO TEETH are present
Is pain felt in the cementum?
NO, it has no nerve supply
Is cementum resorptive? Why is this a positive thing?
Cementum is NOT resorptive. This is good because teeth can be moved orthodontically without loss.
What aer the five functions of the PDL?
Support
Sensory
Nutrition
Formative
Resorptive
What connects the PDL on both sides (to the alveolar bone and the cementum?
SHARPEY'S fibers
What is the PDL made up of?
Connective tissue fiber
Give some examples of things that can cause an increase in gingival crevicular fluid.
PLAQUE, CALCUUS, also brushing, flossing, eating
Describe the flow of gingival crevicular fluid in health.
very low flow
Name 5 characteristics of lining mucosa.
1. Nonkeratinized
2. stratified squamous
3. soft palate buccal mucosa sulcus
4. movable
5. compressible
Name 5 characteristics of masticatory mucosa.
1. keratinized
2. hard palate, gingiva
3. immovable
4. not compressible
5. stratified squamous epithelium
What is another word for alveolar bone?
Alveolar process
What is the function of the alveolar bone?
To provide a socket for the tooth and to support the root
Name three reasons why it is important to preserve cementum during instrumentation.
1. CEMENTUM COVERS/PROTECTS THE DENTIN
2. Cementum attaches the PDL to the tooth
3. Cementum compensates for insal/occlusal wear
How does the PDL help the cementum?
By supplying nutrients to the cementum
Where does the cemtum get its nutrient supply?
the PDL
What is the function of the PDL?
Hold the tooth in the socket
What are the 4 tissues of the periodontium?
Gingiva
PDL
Alveolar bone
Cementum
What does the PDL attach to?
cementum and alveolar bone
What is the col?
valley like depression in the interdental papillae.
What are the two interdental papillae?
Facial and Lingual
What is the periosteum?
The connective tissue cover
The free gingival margin should have what type of contour?
Scalloped
What is the relationship between the free gingiva and the CEJ?
The free gingiva is CORONAL to the CEJ.

(You're not supposed to see the CEJ)
Hygienst probe in which area of the gingiva?
The free gingiva/sulcus
what separates the free from the attached gingiva?
the free gingival groove
Where is the mucogingival junction found?
Where the alveolar mucosa meets the gingiva.
Describe a HEALTHY gingival color.
Coral pink or DARKER for everyone else.
Describe a HEALTHY gingival consistency.
Firm with stippling present.
Describe a HEALTHY gingival contour.
knife edged margins, pointed papilla
NAME the three C's of healthy gingiva.
Color, Contour, Consistency
What is the apical boundary of the gingiva?
alveloar mucosa
What is the coronal boundary of the gingiva?
gingival margin
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