Study Science: Chap. 6-7 Flash Cards

 
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Science: Chap. 6-7

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the process in which light-nuclei combine at extremely high temperature forming heavier nuclei and releasing energy
Fusion
a minimum mass of a fissionable isotope in which a nuclear chain reaction can occur
Critical Mass
a series of fission processes in which the neutrons emitted by a dividing nucleus cause the division of other nuclei
Nuclear Chain Reaction
the process by which a nucleus splits into two or more smaller fragments releasing neutrons and energy
Fission
the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus
Strong Nuclear Force
the time required for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay
Half-Life
the release of a high-energy neutron by some neutron-rich nuclei during radioactive decay
Neutron Emission
high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus during radioactive decay
Gamma Ray
en electron emitted during the radioactive decay of a neutron in an unstable nucleus
Beta Particle
a positively charged particle emitted by some radioactive nuclei that consists of two protons and two neutrons
Alpha Particle
charged particles or energy emitted by an unstable nucleus
Nuclear Radiation
process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation
Radioactivity
a weak base that neutralizes excess stomach acid
Antacid
a basic solution that can either be used as a disinfectant or to remove colors and stains
Bleach
a substance that kills harmful bacteria viruses
Disinfectant
a nonsoap water-soluble cleaner that can emulsify dirt and oil
Detergent
a cleaner that dissolves in both water and oil
Soap
an ionic compound composed of cations bonded to anions, other than oxide or hydroxide anions
Salt
a reaction in which hydronium ions form an acid and hydroxide ions from a base react to produce water molecules
Neutralization Reaction
a measure of the hydronium ion concentration in a solution
pH
a substance that either contains hydroxide ions, OH-, or reacts with water to form hydroxide ions
Base
a compound that can reversibly change color in a solution, depending on the concentration of H3O+ ions
Indicator
a substance that donates hydrogen ions, H+, to form hydronium ions, h3O+, when dissolved in water
Acid
a concentrated unit of a solution that expresses moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution
Molarity
a solution holding more dissolved solute that is specified by its solubility at a given temperature
Supersaturated Solution
the greatest quantity of a solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent to produce a saturated solution
Solubility
a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at the given conditions
Saturated Solution
a solution that is able to dissolve more solute
Unsaturated Solution
the quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution
Concentration
the substance that does the dissolving to make a solution
Solvent
the substance that dissolves in a solution
Solute
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly spread throughout a single phase
Solution
any mixture of immiscible liquids in which the liquids are spread throughout one another
Emulsion
a mixture of very tiny particles of pure substances that are dispersed in another substance but do not settle out of the substance
Colloid
a mixture that looks uniform when stirred or shaken that seperates into different layers when it is no longer agitated
Suspension
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