Study Chemistry-CH 2 Flash Cards

 
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Chemistry-CH 2

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internal motion of atoms
thermal energy
the randomness or disorder of a system
entropy
energy of motion;depends on mass and velocity
kinetic
stored energy-energy of position;depends on height and weight
potential
2 states of energy
potential anad kinetic
fission/fusion; must concentrated form of energy
nuclear energy
internal motion of atoms, faster the molecules move the more energy released
heat energy
enery that exists in the bonds that hold atoms,when bonds are released, energy releases
chemical energy
forms of energy
heat, nuclear, chemical, mechanical
Physical properties
color, density, ability to conduct electricty, magnetism
does depend on the amount of matter presnet
EXtensive
do not depend on the amount of matter present
INtensive
Chemistry
the study of the compostion, structures and properties of matter, the process that matter undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these
2 forms of pure substances
compound and element
2 forms of mixture
Hetero and Homogeneous
a physical change from the gaseous state to the liquid state
condensation
physical change from the liquid to the solid state
freezing
physical change from the solid to the liquid state
melting
a physical change directly betweeen the solid and gaseous state-changes from solid to gas, skipping liquid
sublimimation
the theoretical 5th state of matter that will exist at absolute 0
Bose-Einstein Condensate
state of matter-most abundtant form of matter; ionized gas
plasma
state of matter-tightly packed but able to side over each other
liquid
state of matter-no definite size or shape
gas
state of matter-fixed postions
solid
a thoery that states that particles of matter are in constant motion and that the properties of matter are consequences of that motion
kinetic theory
theoretically the temp. at which all molecules motion would cease
absolute 0
the quantity of heat energy required to raise one pound of water
BTU
the amount of energy required to raise the temp. of 1 gram of water
calorie
thermal energy in transit from 1 object to another
heat
energy due to motion
kinetic energy
the phyical law that states that during any energy transformation, some energy goes into an usuable form
2nd law of thermdynamics
phyiscal law that states that energy cannot be created nor destoryed but can be converted from one from into another
1stlaw of thermodynamics
the study of energy transformation in chemical and physical processes
thermodynamics
the ability to do work
energy
a process that absorbs heat energy
ENDOthermic
a process that releases heat energy
EXOthermic
a mixture existing in only one distinctly separate region wit its own properties
HOMOgeneous
a mixture composed of two or more distinctly separate phrases that have their own properties
HETERogeneous
2 or more pure substance physically combined with no definite proportions
mixture
two or more convalently bonded atoms found as a seperate distinct independent units
molecule
a # that is in front of the chemical formula
coefficient
a # written the the lower right of the chemical symbol
subscript
a combination of subscripts and chemical symbols that indicate the number and kinds of atoms that one present in a compound
formula
a substance that consists of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together
compound
one or two letter representation for the element
symbol
an element whose atoms bond in multi-atom units
POLYatomic elements
an element whose atoms bond into 2 atoms units
DIatomic elements
an element whose atoms exist independently
MONatomic elements
smallest particles
atom
a homogeneous mixture of two or more sub.
solution
a substance that cannot be broken down ordinary chemical means into anything that is both stable and simpler and whose atoms all have the same atomic #
element
a substance that is made up of only one kind of particle and has uniform composition
pure substance
a change that alters the physical properties of a substance but that does not changes its identity
physical change
a change in which a subtance loses its char. and becomes one or more new subtance
chemical change/chemical reaction
physical property of matter indicating the ability to transfer heat or electrons through a subsatnce
CONductility
a physical property of matter describing its ability to be drawn into a wire
DUCTility
a physical property of matter indicating the capability of matter to be shaped by pounding
malleability
a measure of the concentration of matter
density
anything that takes up space
matter
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