Study Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status Flash Cards

 
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Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status

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The feeling that you might be going to pass out?
PRE-SYNCOPE OR NEAR SYNCOPE
A spinning sensation?
VERTIGO
Syncope?
FAINTING
What is the most widely use drug in ischemic stroke patients?
CLOT-BUSTING (THROMBOLYTIC)

(PATIENTS MUST MEET VERY SPECIFIC CRITERIA FOR THIS TREATMENT)
How do you treat an unconscious stroke patient?
-MAINTAIN AN OPEN AIRWAY
-PROVIDE HIGH-CONCENTRATIONS OXYGEN
-TRANSPORT ON AFFECTED SIDE
How do you treat a conscious stroke patient?
-CALM AND REASSURE
-MONITOR THE AIRWAY
-ADMINISTER HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OXYGEN
-TRANSPORT
What are some common signs of a stroke?
-CONFUSION
-DIZZINESS
-NUMBNESS, WEAKNESS, PARALYSIS (USUALLY ON ONE SIDE)
-LOSS OF BOWEL OR BLADDER CONTROL
-IMPAIRED VISION
-HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
-DIFFICULT RESPIRATION OR SNORING
-NAUSEA OR VOMITING
-SEIZURES
-UNEQUAL PUPILS
-HEADACHE
-LOSS OF VISION IN ONE EYE
-UNCONSCIOUSNESS (UNCOMMON)
What are some very good ways to assess conscious patients for a stroke?
-ASK THE PATIENT TO GRIMACE OR SMILE
-ASK THE PATIENT TO CLOSE HER EYES AND EXTEND HER ARMS (FACIAL DROOP)
STRAIGHT OUT IN FRONT OF HER FOR 10 SECONDS (ARM DRIFT)
-SLURRED SPEECH
Syncope
FAINTING
A transient ishemic attack (TIA) is sometimes referred to as a?
MINI STROKE
The patient can speak clearly, but cannot understand what you are saying, so he will clearly say things that do not make much sense or are inappropriate for the situation?
RECEPTIVE APHASIA.
A general term that refers to difficulty in communication?
APHASIA
While having a stroke, a patient may have a difficulty in using words. This is referred to as?
EXPRESSIVE APHASIA
What is not a reliable sign of injury to the opposite side of the brain?
SAGGING OR DROOPING ON THE SIDE OF THE FACE

(THE NERVES THAT CONTROL THE FACE MUSCLES DO NOT NECESSARILY CROSS OVER IN THE SAME WAY)
Someone with right sided weakness from a stroke has a problem with what side of the brain?
LEFT SIDE
One-sided weakness?
HEMIPARESIS
A hemorrhagic stroke is usually the result of?
LONGSTANDING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (HYPERTENSION)
A stroke caused by bleeding in the brain?
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
Can occur when a clot or embolism occludes an artery or as the result of atherosclerosis?
ISCHEMIC STROKE
A stroke is also referred to as what?
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)
A condition of altered function caused when an artery in the brain is blocked or ruptured, disrupting the supply of oxygenated blood or causing bleeding into the brain?
STROKE
This kind of seizure may go unnoticed by everyone?
ABSENCE SEIZURE (PETIT MAL)
Petit mal seizures usually last for how long?
1-10 SECONDS
An absence seizure is also called?
POSTICTAL PHASE
This begins when convulsions stop. the patient may regain consciousness and enter a state of drowsiness and confusion, or he may remain unconscious for several hours. Headache is common.
POSTICTAL PHASE
The body jerks about violently, usually for no more than 1 or 2 minutes. The patient may foam at the mouth and drool. His face and lips may become cyanotic?
CLONIC PHASE
The body becomes rigid, stiffening for no more than 30 seconds. Breathing may stop, the patient may bite his tongue, and bowel and bladder control could be lost?
TONIC PHASE
What are the three distinct phases of generalized seizures?
-TONIC PHASE
-CLONIC PHASE
-POSTICTAL PHASE
May involve confusion, a glassy stare, aimless moving about, lip smacking or chewing, or fidgeting with clothing, may appear drunk or on drugs.
A COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURE
A partial seizure can develop into what?
A TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE
Smell, brights lights, a burst of colors, rising sensation in the stomach?
AN AURA (a sign of a partial seizure)
Tingling, stiffening, or jerking in just one part of the body?
PARTIAL SEIZURES
Tonic-clonic seizure was formally called?
GRAND-MAL
A prolonged seizure or when a person suffers two or more convulsive seizures without regaining full consciousness?
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
Is perhaps the best-known of the conditions that result in seizures?
EPILEPSY
Convulsive seizures may be seen with?
-EPILEPSY
-STROKE
-MEASLES, MUMPS AND OTHER CHILDHOOD DISEASES
-HYPOGLYCEMIA
-ECLAMPSIA (A SEVERE COMPLICATION OF PREGNANCY)
-HYPOXIA (LACK OF OXYGEN)
-HEAT STROKE (RESULTING FROM EXPOSURE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES)
What to we call a seizure that occurs during the flu?
FEBRILE SEIZURES
What is the most common cause of seizures in infants and children 6 months to 3 years?
HIGH FEVER
Another name for a seizure?
CONVULSIONS
A sudden change in sensation, behavior, or movement, The most severe form of seizure produces violent muscle contractions called convulsion?
SEIZURE
What is the difference in breath odor of those with hypo/hyperglycemia?
HYPERGLYCEMIA-ACETONE BREATH (LIKE NAIL POLISH REMOVER)

HYPOGLYCEMIA-NO ODOR
What is the difference in skin color between those with hypo/hyperglycemia?
HYPERGLYCEMIA-OFTEN HAVE WARM, RED, DRY, SKIN

HYPOGLYCEMIA-COLD, PALE, MOIST, COLD CLAMMY SKIN
What can occur if little or no sugar reaches the brain?
SEIZURES
What is type 2 diabetes?
NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT
What is another name for type 1 diabetes?
JUVENILE DIABETES, SINCE IN TENDS TO BEGIN IN CHILDHOOD
What is type 1 diabetes?
USUALLY INSULIN DEPENDENT, OCCURS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LITTLE OR NO ABILITY TO PRODUCE INSULIN
What are some contraindications to giving oral glucose?
-UNCONSCIOUSNESS
-KNOWN DIABETIC WHO HAS NOT TAKEN INSULIN FOR DAYS
-UNABLE TO SWALLOW.
What should you do first before giving oral glucose?
TAKE VITALS
A reading over 120 or 140 indicates?
HYPERGLYCEMIA
A patient with values less than 50 mg/dL will typically have significant alterations in?
-MENTAL STATUS
-COMPLETE UNRESPONSIVENESS
A patient with a mild alteration in mental status or who is diaphoretic is typical of?
HYPOGLYCEMIA
A value of less than what is considered a symptomatic diabetic patient?
60-80 mg/dL
Why are children more at risk for medical emergencies than diabetic adults?
CHILDREN ARE MORE ACTIVE AND MAY EXHAUST MORE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS BY PLAYING HARD.
What are some signs of a diabetic emergency?
-INTOXICATED APPEARANCE
-STAGGERING
-SLURRED SPEECH
-UNCONSCIOUSNESS
-COLD, CLAMMY SKIN
-ELEVATED HEART RATE
-HUNGER
-UNCHARACTERISTIC BEHAVIOR
-ANXIETY
-COMBATIVENESS
-SEIZURES
If the patient feels nauseated and has an acetone-like odor on his breath, he is probably experiencing?
HYPERGLYCEMIA.
This condition normally has a slower onset with the patient experiencing increased urination, thirst, and hunger?
HYPERGLYCEMIA
This condition is normally caused by a decrease in insulin?
HYPERGLYCEMIA
You should only administer oral glucose if the patient is what?
-CONSCIOUS
-CAN SWALLOW
What are typical signs of hypoglycemia?
-ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
-POSSIBLY UNCONSCIOUSNESS,
-POSSIBLE PERMANENT BRAIN DAMAGE
-RAPID ONSET
-ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
-VERY SWEATY SKIN
What is the most common medial emergency for the diabetic patient?
HYPOGLYCEMIA
High blood sugar?
HYPERGLYCEMIA
Low blood sugar?
HYPOGLYCEMIA
This condition is brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly?
DIABETES MELLITUS
A person with high sugar will frequently urinate which in turn will cause the patient to feel?
THIRSTY
High sugar leads to what?
INCREASED URINE OUTPUT
What happens if insulin production decreases?
GLUCOSE CANNOT BE USED BY THE CELLS
The insulin/glucose relationship has been described as what kind of mechanism?
LOCK AND KEY
Blood sugar cannot pass from the bloodstream into the body's cells without?
INSULIN
A hormone produces by the pancreas?
INSULIN
The sugars that a person eats are converted into?
GLUCOSE
This form of sugar is the body's basic source of energy?
GLUCOSE
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