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Progressivism

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Newlands Act
1902
wshington was authorized to colleft money form the sale of public lands in western states to use the money to fund irrigation projects. The settlers repaid the cost of reclamation and the money put into a revolving fund to finance more enterprises
the Carey act
1894 it distributed federal land to the states on the condition that they be irrigated and settled
Forest Reserve Act 1891
authorized the president to set aside pulbic forests and national parks as reserves
it saved about 46 million acres
Desert Act
1977. the first step taken to save the earth. The government sold arid land cheaply with the condition that the buyer irrigate the land within 3 years
1902 coal mine strike
a strike in the coal mines of PA. they demanded a 20% increase in pay and reduction 9 hour work days. The coal supplies dwindled and so TR summoned reps from the striking miners and the mine owners. He threatened to seize the mines and operate them with federal troops so they agreed to arbitrate. The workers got a 10% pay raise but their union wasn't officially acknowledged
The square deal
The three c's
1. control of corporations
2. consumer protection
3. conservation of natural resources
Muller V. Oregon
1908
Joe Haselback, a supervisor in Curt Muller's Grand Laundry in Oregon asked a female employee to remain after hours which broke Oregon's law that women could work 10 hours a day. The woman complained and Muller was fined $10 which he refused to pay. They went to Supreme Court and they upheld the constitutionality of the Oregon Statute. They made Muller pay
Hiram W. Johnson
elected Publican governor in 1910 in CA. he helped break the south pacific railraod influence of CA politics
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of food and pharmaceutericals
The Jungle
Upton SInclair (1906)
it brought about enthusiasm for reform because of its vivid description of the unsanitary food products of Chicago slaughterhouses
TR on the trusts
he initiated over 40 legal proceedings against trusts. He felt that a combination and integration was important and that destroying big business was not always necessary. BUT he did not want to show that the federal gov was stronger than big business
Meat inspection act
1906 TR backed a measure which decreed that the preparation of meatshipped overstate lines would be subject to federal inspection
TR's opinion on trusts
there were "good" trusts and "bad" trusts and he was determined to not destroy ALL big business just the bad ones
Hepburn Act
1906 restricted free passes and expand Interstate commerce commission to express companies, sleeping-car companies and pipelines
Elkins act
1903- it said that heavy fines could be imposed on railroads that gave rebates on people that accepted
why wasnt the Interstate commerce commission work
because railroad robber barons could appeal the commissions decisions on states to the federal courts
progressive women's organizations
the Womens trade union league
the national consumers league
the childrens bureau (1912)
the womens bureau (1920)
progressive women's argument regarding the "cult of domesticity"
they argued that their new activities were an extension of the "seperate spheres"
settlement houses
offered the non-voting women a side-door to public life and helped show middle class women the problems plaguing America's cities- poverty, political corruption and bad working conditions and gave them the skills to attack these issues
Robert M La Folette
governor of Wisconsin in 1901. he was a strong progressive. he took away much control from crooked corporations and gave it to the people
progressive criticism of the cities
they attacked the slumlords, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, the corrupt sale of franchises for street cars and other public utilities
the city manager system
adopted in 1901 in Galveston Texas. They appointed expert staffed comissions to manage urban affairs
many other cities followed suit
womens suffrage progress
progressivists were strong women's rights activists
many western states extended womens suffrage to attract women there
the 17th amendment
1913 it established the direct election of US senators
"millionaires club"
the senate by the 1900 had so many wealthy men that were wealthy from receiving bribes from big business that
--> their exposition by mukrakers made direct election a top priority for progressivists
** most senators were happy with the current election system so it was hard to get a constitutional amendment passed but then 17th amendment
state efforts to root out corruption
some states passed corrupt practices act= limited the amount of money that candidates could spend on elections and the amount that corporations could donate
goals of progressivists
-direct primary elections
-referendum= placed bills on ballot for final approval by the people
- "recall"= allowed voters to remove bad gov officials
Progressivists
middle class who felt pressure form immigrants big business and labor unions. They wanted to curb the trusts with state power and improve life and labor condition. It was more of an overall mood! They wanted to regain the power the people had lost in the guilded age
Dr. Harvey W WIley and the Poison Squad
Did experiments on himself and the poison squad testing the medicines with misleading labels
John Spargo
persecuted child labor in "The bitter cry of the Children"
Ray Stannard
"The color line"
David G. Phillips
"The treason of the Senate" (1906) = senators defended railroads and trusts not the people
Thomas W. Lawson
exposed himself for the $50 million he had made on the stock markers in "frenzied finance"
Ida M Tarbell
after Lincoln Steffens she wrote an exposition of the Standard Oil company
Lincoln Steffens
1902 NY reporter who launched a series of articles in McClures called the "shame of the cities" which exposed the corruption alliance btwn big business and government
Mukrakers
TR's name for journalists exposing evils and corruption in 1906
they critiqued life insurance companies, big business, corruption, slums, industrial accidents, tariff lobbies, traffic of women
McClures, Composition, Colliers and Everbody's
magazines that were notable for exposing evil. it became very common in 1902- fierce circulation wars. Many editors financed extensive research and encouraged articles
Feminists
wanted social justive and womens suffrage
ex. Lillian Wald and Jane Addams (Chicago)
socialists
many were European immigrants inspired by the movement for state socialism in the Old world
Theodore Dreiser
wrote the "financier" (1912) and "The Titan" (1914)
Jacob A Riis
Danish immigrant wrote "how the other half lives" damning account of the New York slums
Henry Demarest Lloyd
1894 ripped apart Standard Oil company with his book "wealth Against commonwealth"
progressive views
anti-monopoly
anti corruption
antiinnifiency
wanted social justice
wanted to "strengthen the state"
thought that society could no longer take the laissez-faire hands of policy and that gov needed to control the economy
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