Study Cardio (PTA 201) Flash Cards

 
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Cardio (PTA 201)

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Name 4 classifications of aerobic exercie?
-CONTINUOUS TRAINING
-INTERVAL TRAINING
-CIRCUIT TRAINING
-CIRCUIT INTERVAL TRAINING
What are the two guidlines of a warm up?
-A 10 MIN PERIOD OF TOTAL BODY MOVEMENT EXERCISES SUCH AS CALISTHENICS & WALKING SLOWLY
-ATTAINING A HR THAT IS WITHIN 20 BREATHS/MIN OF THE TARGET HR
State the 2 purposes of a warm up?
-THE SUSPECTIBILITY OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM TO INJURY
-THE OCCURENCE OF ISCHEMIC ECG CHANGES AND ARRHYTHMIAS
According to AACVPR guidlines, when can resistance training begin?
-AFTER AT LEAST 3 WEEKS OF CARDIAC REHAB
-5 WEEKS POST MI
-8 weeks CABG
Stair climbing MET?
4-5 MET'S
Progressive hall ambulation MET?
2.5-3 MET'S
Sitting-limited room ambulation MET?
1.5-2 MET'S
CCU MET?
1-1.5 MET'S
What is the normal length of stay in a hospital after a myocardial infarction?
3-5 DAYS
What is the recommended duration of an aerobic exercise program?
30-40 MINUTES
What is the recommended frequency of exercise?
3-5 TIMES PER WEEK
Name the two methods used to prescribe the intensity of exercise?
-HEART RATE
-SUBJECTIVE REPORT
Name the 10 conditions that would predispose a patient from participating in an exercise training program?
-UNSTABLE ANGINA
-SYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE
-UNCONTROLLED ARRHYTHMIAS
-MODERATE TO SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
-UNCONTROLLED DIABETES
-ACUTE SYSTEMIC ILLNESS OR FEVER
-UNCONTROLLED TACHYCARDIA
-RESTING SYSTOLIC BP GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 200 mmHg
-RESTING DIASTOLIC BP GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 110 mmHg
-THROMBOPHLEBITIS
FITT?
EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION BASED ON FREQUENCY, INTENSITY, TIME (DURATION), TYPE (MODE) = FITT
Complete occlusion of a coronary artery?
INFARCTION
True/False

Ischemia is a permanent deficiency in blood flow to tissues?
FALSE

TEMPORARY
Ischemia?
A TEMPORARY DEFICIENCY IN OXYGENATED BLOOD FLOW TO TISSUES
Jogging (5mph)?
7-8 MET'S
Walking MET (4mph)?
5-6 MET'S
Golfing (pulling a cart) MET?
3-4 MET'S
Level walking MET?
2-3 MET'S
MET's?
REPRESENTS THE BASIC SYSTEMIC OXYGEN REQUIREMENT AT REST (ROUGHLY 3.5 ml O2/kg/min)
Describe the signifigance of an abnormal ST segment?
TO IDENTIFY THE PRESENCE OF IMPAIRED CORONRY PERFUSION, EITHER ISCHEMIA OR INJURY
The sudden prolonged drop in BP that accompanies a position change from lying to either sitting or standing?
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
What are the 3 abnormal responses to exercise?
-FAILURE OF THE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE TO RISE AS EXERCISE CONTINUES
-A HYPERTENSIVE BP RESPONSE, INCLUDING SYSTOLIC PRESSURE > 200 mmHg and or a diastolic pressure greater than 110 mmHg
-A PROGRESSIVE FALL IN SYSTOLIC PRESSURE OF 10-15 mmHg.
Chronotropic incompetence?
FAILURE OF THE HR TO INCREASE WITH INCREASING WORKLOADS
Vo2?
is the maximum capacity of an individual's body to transport and use oxygen during incremental exercise, which reflects the physical fitness of the individual.
Bradycardia?
HR BELOW 60 BPM
Tachycardia?
HR ABOVE 100 BPM
T wave?
COMPLETION OF VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION
ST segment?
INITIATION OF VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION
QRS complex?
VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION
P Wave?
SINUS NODE AND ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION
Starlings principle?
APPLICABLE TO THE MYOCARDIUM AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROPERTIES OF DIASTOLE AND SYSTOLE
What is the term used when a patient's oxygen is inadequate to meet the oxygen demand?
ISCHEMIA
What are the causes of endothelial dysfunction?
-ELEVATED AND MODIFIED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS
-ELEVATED PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE
-THE PRESENCE OF FREE RADICALS IN RESPONSE TO HYPERTENSION, CIGARETTE SMOKING, DIABETES MELITUS, GENETIC ABNORMALITIES, AND INFECTIOUS MICROORGANISMS SUCH AS HERPES VIRUSES AND CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIA
The heart muscle is AKA?
MYOCARDIUM
What is the primary reason for a decrease in myocardial oxygen supply?
PRESENCE OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
The force the left ventricle must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure and open the aortic valve?
AFTERLOAD
LVEDV
LEFT VENTRICULAR END DIASTOLIC VOLUME
Preload?
THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD IN THE VENTRICLE AT THE END OF DIASTOLE (ALSO KNOWN AS LEFT VENTRICULAR END DIASTOLIC VOLUME)
Stroke volume?
THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT IS EJECTED WITH EACH MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION
What influences cardiac output?
HEART RATE AND STROKE VOLUME
What is normal cardiac output?
4-6 L/MIN
Cardiac output?
THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT LEAVES THE VENTRICLES PER MINUTE
-EXPRESSED IN (L/MIN)
CO
CARDIAC OUTPUT
What are the 3 influences of cardiac output?
-ADEQUATE OXYGEN SUPPLY TO THE MYOCARDIUM BY THE CORONARY ARTERIES
-CONTRACTILITY OF THE MYOCARDIUM THROUGH ITS PROPERTIES OF DIASTOLE AND SYSTOLE
-FORMATION AND CONDUCTION OF AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE FROM THE SINUS NODE TO THE VENTROCLES
What is the goal of the heart?
TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE CARDIAC OUTPUT
What is an example of a benign arrhythmia?
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (A-FIB) WITH CONTROLLED VENTRICULAR RESPONSE
What are example of malignant arrhythmias?
-SUSTAINED TACHYCARDIA (V-TACH)
-VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (V-FIB)
What can arrhythmias present as?
BENIGN OR MALIGNANT
The clinical significance of heart disease is determined by the impact of the disease on?
CARDIAC OUTPUT
Name 5 common symptoms associated with heart disease?
-CHEST PRESSURE
-DYSPNEA
-FATIGUE
-SYNCOPE
-PALPITATIONS
What is the most prevelant cardiovascular disease in the USA?
HYPERTENSION
What will cause an arrhythmia?
DISTURBANCE IN THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART
Causes of CHF?
-MYOCARDIAL SCARRING AND REMODELING (RESULT OF MI)
-CARDIOMYOPATHY
-IMPAIRMENT IN VALVULAR FUNCTION (ESPECIALLY MITRAL AND AORTIC VALVES)
Congestive heart failure is a clinical diagnosis of what?
LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE
A disease in which lipidladen plaque (lesions) is formed within the intimal layer of the blood vessel wall of moderate and large size arteries; over time the plaque may extend into the lumen causing a decreased lumenal diameter?
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
What is the most common cause of coronary heart disease?
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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