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Pile Management Card
Medical Latin
Medical Latin
| cyto- |
|
(kytos-cell) cyto-architecture-the order of arrangement of cells in a tissue cyto-zoic-living in a cell Cytokine: A small protein released by cells that has a specific effect on the interactions between cells, on communications between cells or on the behavior of cells. The cytokines includes the interleukins, lymphokines and cell signal molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor and the interferons, which trigger inflammation and respond to infections Cytokinesis: 1. During cell division, the process that partitions the cellular contents including the chromosomes, cytoplasm, and organelles into the two daughter cells. |
| pupilla |
|
little girl pupillary aperture the pupil. pupillary block an obstruction to the flow of aqueous between the border of the pupil and the anterior capsule of the lens. pupillary consensual light reflex constriction of the pupil in the eye opposite to the one receiving an intensified beam of light, and reversal when the light is removed. The reflex is clearcut in humans and dogs but little used in food animals. Presence of the reflex is a guarantee of integrity of the optic pathways. pupillary constriction see miosis. pupillary cyst see iris cyst. pupillary dilatation see mydriasis. pupillary light reflex constriction of a dilated pupil in response to an increase in light intensity and a dilatation of a constricted pupil in response to a decrease in the intensity. Activity of the reflex indicates the efficiency of the retina, the optic and oculomotor nerves and the musculature of the iris. pupillary membranectomy a surgical technique for resection of an iridocapsular membrane, formed as a sequela to cataract surgery. persistent pupillary membrane nonvascular remnants of the tunica vasculosa lentis may extend across the iris or from the iris to the cornea, often producing a corneal opacity at the site. A common defect in dogs, particularly in Basenjis. pupillary zone the portion of iris closest to the pupillary border. |
| myring(o)- |
|
eardrum Myringotomy is a surgical procedure in which a small incision is made in the eardrum (the tympanic membrane), usually in both ears. The English word is derived from myringa, modern Latin for drum membrane, and tome, Greek for cutting. It is also called myringocentesis, tympanotomy, tympanostomy, or paracentesis of the tympanic membrane. Fluid in the middle ear can be drawn out through the incision. Ear tubes, or tympanostomy tubes, are small tubes open at both ends that are inserted into the incisions in the eardrums during myringotomy. They come in various shapes and sizes and are made of plastic, metal, or both. They are left in place until they fall out by themselves or until they are removed by a doctor. |
| os |
|
mouth external os, the external orifice of the uterus internal os, the internal orifice of the uterus os or ostium, the "mouth" of a coronary artery |
| brachi(o)- |
|
Of or relating to the arm Brachium of inferior colliculus Brachial artery: The artery that runs from the shoulder down to the elbow. Brachial neuritis: Inflammation of nerves in the arm causing muscle weakness and pain. Brachial palsy/Brachial plexus paralysis/ Brachial plexus palsy: Paralysis of the arm due to an injury to the brachial plexus, a network of spinal nerves that originates in the back of the neck, extends through the axilla (armpit), and gives rise to nerves to the upper limb. The brachial plexus is formed by the union of portions of the fifth through eighth cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve, all of which come from the spinal cord. Brachial vein: A vein that accompanies the brachial artery between the shoulder and the elbow. The route of the brachial artery is from the shoulder down to the elbow whereas that of the brachial vein is in the reverse direction -- from the elbow back up to the shoulder. |
| meatus |
|
opening the external acoustic meatus, the opening of the ear canal The internal auditory meatus, a canal in the temporal bone of the skull the urinary meatus, which is the opening of the urethra, situated on the glans penis in males, and in the vulva in females the superior meatus, middle meatus and inferior meatus of the nose |
| thyr(o)- |
|
thyroid Thyroid gland: A gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the rate at which food is converted into energy. Thyroid hormones are essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions (metabolism) in the body. Thyroid hormones also help children grow and develop. The thyroid gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea (windpipe). It has the shape of a butterfly: two wings (lobes) attached to one another by a middle part. Thyroid hormones: Chemical substances made by the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of the neck. This gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones, which are essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions (metabolism), and are involved in the circadian rhythms that govern sleep, among other essential functions. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the pituitary gland, acts to stimulate hormone production by the thyroid gland. The pituitary gland is stimulated to make TSH by the hypothalamus gland in the brain. The thyroid also makes the hormone calcitonin, which is involved in calcium metabolization and stimulating bone cells to add calcium to bone. See calcitonin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine. Thyrocalcitonin Thyroid stimulating hormone: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain in response to signals from the hypothalamus gland in the brain. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) promotes the growth of the thyroid gland in the neck and stimulates it to produce more thyroid hormones. When there is an excessive amount of thyroid hormones, the pituitary gland stops producing TSH, reducing thyroid hormone production. This mechanism maintains a relatively constant level of thyroid hormones circulating in the blood. TSH is also known as thyrotropin. Thyroglobulin Thyroglossal cyst Thyroglossal duct cyst Thyroid Thyroid binding globulin Thyroid cancer Thyroid cartilage Thyroid gland Thyroid hormone Thyroid hormone organification defect IIb Thyroid hormone receptor Thyroid hormones Thyroid insufficiency Thyroid peroxidase test Thyroid scan Thyroid stimulating hormone Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) Thyroid storm Thyroidectomy Thyroiditis Thyroiditis, autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hashimoto Thyroiditis, postpartum Thyroiditis, subacute Thyrolingual cyst Thyroplasty Thyrotropin Thyroxine |
| caco- |
|
(kakos-bad)
cac-hexia-bad habit, lack of nutrition, and wasting cac-idrosis-morbid sweating cachectic Relating to or suffering from cachexia cachexia, cachexy 1. A state of ill health, malnutrition, and wastng. It may occur in many chronic diseases, certain malignancies, and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis cacidrosis, kakidrosis Sweat that is fetid or offensive due to bacterial decomposition. It occurs mostly on the feet, in the groin, and under the arms cacogenics The breeding of a weak race; the opposite of eugenics cacography 1. Bad writing or bad handwriting; opposed to calligraphy cacophony 1. The quality of having bad sounds; the use of harsh-sounding words or phrases; the opposite of euphony. |
| caries |
|
decay
Caries: Dental cavities. Holes in the two outer layers of a tooth called the enamel and the dentin. The enamel is the outermost white hard surface and the dentin is the yellow layer just beneath enamel. Both layers serve to protect the inner living tooth tissue called the pulp, where blood vessels and nerves reside. Small cavities may not cause pain, and may be unnoticed by the patient. Larger cavities can collect food, and the inner pulp of the affected tooth can become irritated by bacterial toxins, foods that are cold, hot, sour, or sweet - causing toothache. |
| Strabismus |
|
A condition in which the visual axes of the eyes are not parallel and the eyes appear to be looking in different directions
aka cast, heterotropia, manifest deviation and squint. The term "strabismus" comes from the Greek "strabismos" = a squinting |
| retina |
|
net
Retina: The retina is the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, senses light, and creates impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain. There is a small area, called the macula, in the retina that contains special light-sensitive cells. The macula allows us to see fine details clearly. Retinal detachment: A separation of the retina from its connection at the back of the eye. The separation usually results from a tear (that is, a rent or rip, not a tear drop) in the retina. The tear often occurs when the vitreous gel pulls loose or separates from its attachment to the retina, usually in the outside edges of the eye. Retinal fundus: The interior lining of the eyeball, including the retina (the light-sensitive screen), optic disc (the head of the nerve to the eye), and the macula (the small spot in the retina where vision is keenest). The fundus is the portion of the inner eye that can be seen during an eye examination by looking through the pupil. Retinoblastoma: A malignant eye tumor in children, usually under age 5, that arises in cells in the developing retina containing cancer-predisposing mutations in both copies of the gene RB1. The most common sign of retinoblastoma (RB) is a white pupillary reflex to light (leukocoria). Strabismus (a "lazy eye") is the second most common sign |
| gon(o)- |
|
seed, semen
Gonad Gonadotropin Gonorrhea Gonadotropin: Hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland, and that affect the function of the male or female gonads. Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoea. Although gonorrhea is known primarily as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it is not exclusively so, but can also be transmitted to the newborn during the birthing process. |
| -rrhage |
|
burst forth
Hemorrhage dysmenorrhagia Difficult or painful menstration. menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding occurring at the expected intervals of the menstrual periods. The bleeding from the uterus starts on schedule but is heavier than usual and may last longer than usual. Menorrhagia may be a sign of an underlying disorder; such as, hormone imbalance, endometriosis, uterine fibroids or, rarely, cancer of the uterus. Menorrhagia may cause significant anemia. phleborrhage Venous hemorrhage. |
| -pepsia |
|
Denotes something relating to digestion, or the digestive tract.
Dyspepsia (painful digestion bradypepsia Slowness of digestion. |
| scler(o)- |
|
hardness
atherosclerosis Sclerosis Sclerotherapy Sclera: The tough white outer coat over the eyeball that covers approximately the posterior five-sixths of its surface. The sclera is continuous in the front of the eye with the cornea and in the back of the eye with the external sheath of the optic nerve. The word "sclera" is from the Greek "skleros" = hard. The plural is sclerae. Scleredema: A dermatologic disorder characterized by hardening and thickening of the skin, typically over the face, neck, upper back, and shoulders or other areas of skin, but not over the hands or feet. Scleredema comes from scler- (hard) + edema (swelling). Scleredema should not be confused with scleroderma which is a distinct and different disease. Sclerencephaly: A general term for scarring and shrinkage of the substance of the brain. Sclerencephaly occurs because of chronic inflammation of the brain matter Scleritis: Inflammation of the sclera, the tough white outer coat of the eyeball. Sclerodactyly: Localized thickening and tightness of the skin of the fingers or toes. Sclerodactyly is commonly associated with atrophy of the underlying soft tissues Scleromalacia: Degenerative thinning of the sclera, the tough white coat that covers most of the back of the eyeball and that is continuous with the cornea in the front of the eye. Sclerosis: Localized hardening of skin. Multiple sclerosis: Abbreviated MS. A disease of the central nervous system (CNS) marked by numbness, weakness, loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control. MS is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks myelin, a key substance that serves as a nerve insulator and helps in the transmission of nerve signals. Sclerotherapy: The injection of a chemical irritant into a vein to sclerose ("harden") it. The chemical irritates the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and the blood to clot. The vein turns into scar tissue that fades from view. Blood flow shifts to nearby healthy blood vessels. Sclerotherapy may be done to treat varicose veins, spider veins, hemorrhoids, and esophageal varices. Today the substances most commonly used for sclerotherapy in the United States are hypertonic saline or Sotradecol (sodium tetradecyl sulfate). |
| narc- |
|
(nark&-numbness, stupor)
narco-lepsy-numbing seizure, petit mal narco-mania-craving for narcotics. Narcolepsy: A neurological disorder marked by a sudden recurrent uncontrollable compulsion to sleep. Narcolepsy is often associated with cataplexy (a sudden loss of muscle tone and paralysis of voluntary muscles associated with a strong emotion), sleep paralysis (immobility of the body that occurs in the transition from sleep to wakefulness), what are called hypnagogic hallucinations (pre-sleep dreams) and automatic behaviors (such as doing something "automatically" and not remembering afterwards how one did it). Narcotic: 1. A drug that causes insensibility or stupor. A narcotic induces narcosis, from the Greek "narke" for "numbness or torpor." Narcotic antagonist treatment: Treatment of narcotic addiction by using a medication that is an antagonist to opiates or any other drug to which a person is addicted |
| osteo- |
|
(osteon-bone)
osteo-malacia-softening of the bone osteo-necrosis-killing, decay of the bone Osteotomy: Taking out part or all of a bone, or cutting into or through bone. Osteonecrosis: Bone death resulting from poor blood supply to an area of bone. Also known as aseptic necrosis or avascular necrosis. Osteodystrophy: A bone disorder that adversely affects bone growth. Osteoid osteoma: A benign tumor of bone tissue. It emerges most often in the teens or 20s, and is found most frequently in the femur and in males. Symptoms include pain, mostly at night. Diagnosis is by X-ray. Most cases do not require invasive treatment, just the use of aspirin or non-aspirin analgesics for pain. |
| -agra |
|
seizure
cardi-agra-heart seizure, angina pectoris pod-agra-foot seizure, gout anconagra 1. Pain in the elbow, or elbows. 2. Acute gout of the elbow arthragra Articular gout (painful swelling that occurs in various joints of the body). cheiragra, chiragra 1. Pain in the hand. 2. Gout in the hand. dactylagra Pain from gout of the fingers gonagra Pain from gout in the knee. odontagra A toothache thought to be of gouty origin. |
| orchi(o)-, orchido- |
|
testis
Orchiectomy Orchidectomy Orchitis anorchism, anorchidism Absence of the testes; may be congenital or acquired. cryptorchid A condition in which there is an undescended testicle or testicles cryptorchidectomy Surgical removal, or correction, of undescended testicles. macroorchidism Having abnormally large testes; seen in males with fragile X syndrome. microrchidia Having very small testes. orchalgia, orchialgia, orchidalgia, orchioneuralgia Pain in the testis. |
| -spasm |
|
(spasmos-convulsion, cramp)
entero-spasm-intestinal colic pyloro-spasm-painful contraction of the pylorus anospasm Spasm of the anus blepharospasm 1. Spasm of the eyelid muscle resulting in the closure of the eye or eyes. bronchiospasm, bronchospasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi, as that which occurs in asthma dactylospasm 1. Vascular spasm or cramp of fingers or toes. phrenospasm Spasm of the diaphragm, as when hiccuping spasmolytic 1. Relieving spasm, usually of smooth muscle, as in arteries, bronchi, intestine, bile duct, ureters, or sphincters, but also of voluntary muscle. |
| metr(o)- |
|
Pertaining to conditions or instruments of the uterus
Metrorrhagia endometriosis 1. A condition, usually resulting in pain and dysmenorrhea, characterized by the abnormal presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, frequently as cysts containing altered blood. metrography 1. Radiographic examination of the uterine cavity filled with a contrast medium metrophlebitis Inflammation of the uterine veins, usually following childbirth. metrorrhea, metrorrhoea (British) Any pathological discharge from the uterus. metroscope 1. An instrument for examining the cavity of the uterus. |
| retro- |
|
back, backward, behind
retro-flexion-bending backward retro-grade-going backward, moving backward retro-nasal-posterior nasal retro-version-turning backward Retromingent: Urinating backwards. Also an animal such as a raccoon that urinates backwards. As in: "You have revealed yourself as a miserable, carping, retromingent vigilante, and I for one am sick of wasting my time communicating with you" (Benjamin C. Bradlee, Editor, The Washington Post). From the Latin retro- (back) + mingent from mingere (to urinate). Retropubic prostatectomy: Surgical removal of the prostate through an incision in the abdomen. Retrosternal: Behind the sternum (the breastbone). |
| -algia |
|
(algos-pain)
gastr-algia-stomach ache neur-algia-nerve pain algesia The sense of pain; sensitiveness to pain algesthesia The sensibility to pain or the perception of pain; any painful sensation. analgesic, analgetic 1. Relieving pain; an agent that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness. |
| hydr- |
|
(hydor, hydr-water)
hydro-cephalus-water head, a congenital deformation hydro-gen-a gas which forms water when combined with oxygen hydro-therapy-treatment by the use of water Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid in the coat around the testis. Small hydroceles tend to disappear by a year of age while larger hydroceles may persist and warrant surgery Hydrocephalus: Hydrocephalus is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. The fluid is often under increased pressure and can compress and damage the brain Hydrops fetalis: Gross edema (swelling), usually with anemia, of the fetus. It can be due to Rh blood group incompatibility, in which antibodies crossing the placenta from the mother destroy the red blood cells of the fetus. It can also be caused by a lethal form of the genetic disorder thalassemia, alpha thalassemia, in which alpha-chain polypeptides needed to make fetal or adult hemoglobin are not produced. |
| -fuge |
|
to expel, drive away
centri-fuge-an apparatus driving particles to the center febri-fuge-reducing fever (febris) vermi-fuge-an agent causing expulsion of intestinal worms (vermis) febrifugal 1. An agent which functions to dispel or to reduce fever; such as, a medicine. Fugit hora. "The hour flies." or "Time flies." somnifuge A means of driving sleep away. |
| neuro- |
|
(neuron-cord, tendon, nerve)
neur-algia-nerve pain neur-asthenia-nerve weakness Neuralgia: Pain along the course of a nerve. Neurectomy: The removal of part or all of a nerve. Neurinoma, acoustic: A benign tumor that may develop on the hearing and balance nerves near the inner ear. The tumor results from an overproduction of Schwann cells -- small sheet-like cells that normally wrap around nerve fibers like onion skin and help support the nerves. When growth is abnormally excessive, Schwann cells bunch together, pressing against the hearing and balance nerves, often causing gradual hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and dizziness Neuroblastoma: A leading childhood form of cancer that arises in the adrenal gland or in tissue in the nervous system that is related to the adrenal gland. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor outside the brain in infants and children. It is often present at birth but usually is not detected until later in infancy or childhood.. The most common symptoms are the result of pressure by the tumor or bone pain from metastases. Protruding eyes and dark circles around the eyes are common and are caused by cancer that has spread to the area behind the eye. Neuroblastomas may compress the spinal cord, causing paralysis. Approximately 70 percent of all children with neuroblastoma have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Neurofibromatosis: A genetic disorder of the nervous system that primarily affects the development and growth of neural (nerve) cell tissues, causes tumors to grow on nerves, and may produce other abnormalities. Neuropathy: Any and all disease or malfunction of the nerves. Neurosis: A chronic disorder featuring irritability of the nervous system (nervousness) and characterized by anxiety and/or extreme behavior dedicated to avoid anxiety situations. Neurosyphilis: Neurological complications in the third (tertiary) and final phase of syphilis, which involve the central nervous system and can include psychosis, pain, and loss of physical control over a variety of bodily functions. Neurotoxin: A substance that causes damage to nerves or nerve tissue. For example, lead is a neurotoxin. |
| placenta |
|
flat cake
Placenta accreta: The abnormal adherence of the chorionic villi (vascular fingers of the chorion, a part of the placenta) to the myometrium (the muscle of the uterus), . Normally there is tissue intervening between the chorionic villi and the myometrium but in placenta accreta, these vascular processes of the chorion grow directly in the myometrium. Placenta accreta can progress into placenta percreta. Placenta percreta: A placenta that invades the uterine wall. In placenta percreta, the vascular processes of the chorion (the chorionic villi), a fetal membrane that enters into the formation of the placenta, may invade the full thickness of the myometrium. This can cause an incomplete rupture of the uterus. The chorionic villi can go right on through both the myometrium and the outside covering of the uterus (serosa), causing complete and catastrophic rupture of the uterus. Placenta praevia: A placenta implanted near the outlet of the uterus, so that at the time of delivery the placenta precedes the baby. Placenta praevia can cause painless bleeding in the last third of pregnancy, and may be a reason for a C-section. Also known as low placenta. Placenta previa: Location of the placenta in the lower part of the uterus (womb) so that the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix. Placenta, succenturiate: An extra placenta separate from the main placenta. In anatomy "succenturiate" means accessory to an organ. In this case, a succenturiate placenta is an accessory placenta. Placental stage of labor: The part of labor from the birth of the baby until the placenta (afterbirth) and fetal membranes are delivered. Also called the third stage of labor. |
| mes(o)- |
|
middle
Mesoderm Mesothelin Mesothelioma mesoblast: mesoderm, especially in the early states of embryos. mesocardium Epicardium covering the blood vessels which enter and leave the heart. mesoderm The third germ layer, lying between the ectoderm and the endoderm; which gives rise to the connective tissues, muscles, urogenital system, vascular system, and the epithelial lining of the coelom. mesodont A medium-sized tooth. mesognathous 1. Having medium, slightly protruding jaws. 2. Slightly projecting jaws. mesopexy Fixation or attachment of a torn or incised (cut or broken) mesentery mesorrhine, mesorhine, mesorrhinian, mesorhinian 1. A person or skull having a nasal index intermediate between leptorrhine and platyrrhine. mesothelioma A disease in which cancer cells are found in the sac lining the chest, the lining of the abdominal cavity, or the lining around the heart. Exposure can result in mesothelioma thirty or forty years later because of the long latency period of asbestos disease. People who have been exposed to asbestos in a household environment, often without knowing it, or who have worked on jobs where they breathed asbestos, are in danger of being victims of mesothelioma. |
| sella |
|
chair
Sella turcica: The "Turkish saddle" in which sits the pituitary gland. The sella is a bony box in the middle of the head. It was called the sella turcica (the Turkish saddle) because of its resemblance to a saddle used by the Turks (and Arabs) which had supports in front and back. (By comparison, the Romans had no saddle but simply rode on a cover tied to the back of the horse.) |
| labi(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the lip
Labia Labiodental sound Labium labioglossal A reference to the lips and the tongue. labiograph An instrument for recording the movements of the lips in speaking. labiolingual A reference to the lips and the tongue. |
| pseudo- |
|
(pseudes-false, spurious)
pseudo-cele-false cavity, the 5th ventricle of the brain pseudo-cyesis-false pregnancy Pseudodementia: A severe form of depression resulting from a progressive brain disorder in which cognitive changes mimic those of dementia. Pseudogout: Inflammation of the joints caused by deposits of calcium pyrophosphate crystals, resulting in arthritis, most commonly of the knees, wrists, shoulders, hips, and ankles, usually affecting only one or a few joints at a time. True gout is due to a different type of crystal formed by the precipitation of uric acid. Pseudotumor cerebri: Increased pressure within the brain in the absence of a tumor. Symptoms may include headache, nausea, vomiting, pulsating intracranial noises, singing in the ears, double vision, loss of visual accuracy, and even blindness. It is most common in women between the ages of 20 and 50. The cause is usually not known. The condition is associated sometimes with the use of tetracycline, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin, lithium, and amiodarone, and the overuse of vitamin A. |
| zym(o)- |
|
fermentation, enzyme
zymogen: an inactive protein precursor of an enzyme secreted by living cells and converted (as by a kinase or an acid) into an active form —called also proenzyme |
| melos |
|
extremity
erythromelalgia macromelia: A condition in which there is an unusual enlargement of one or more body limbs. melalgia: pain in a limb or limbs; specifically, burning pain in the feet extending up the leg and even to the thigh. meromelia: Congenital absence of part of an arm or leg. micromelia: abnormal smallness of one or more limbs. phocomelic dwarfism Dwarfism in which the diaphyses or shaft of the long bones are abnormally short or the intermediate parts of the limbs are absent. |
| -ptosis |
|
falling, drooping, downward placement, prolapse
Apoptosis blepharoptosis Ptosis (breasts) Enteroptosis (intestine) Gastroptosis (stomach) Nephroptosis or renal ptosis (kidney) Visceroptosis: Visceroptosis (or enteroptosis) is a prolapse or a sinking of the abdominal viscera (internal organs) below their natural position |
| -ptysis |
|
(a spitting), spitting
The word "hemoptysis" comes from the Greek "haima" for "blood" + "ptysis" meaning "a spitting" = a spitting of blood. The source of the blood is from the respiratory tract such as the airways (bronchi), trachea, or lung. Hemoptysis can be a sign of serious conditions including pneumonia, tumors, or bronchitis as well as other conditions. albuminoptysis: albumin in the sputum plasmoptysis: bursting forth of protoplasm from a cell through rupture of the cell wall. |
| opisth- |
|
(opisth&-behind)
opisth-encephalon-brain behind, the cerebellum opistho-tonos-stretching backward, a tetanic spasm Opisthotonos: A great rigid spasm of the body with the back fully arched and the heels and head bent back. Opisthotonos occurs in meningitis, especially in infants, due to irritation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It also occurs with depressed brain function and injury to the brain. Opisthotonos is an ominous neurologic sign. Pronounced o·pis·tho·ton·os. |
| -scope, -scopy |
|
(skopein-to view)
cysto-scope-an instrument to view the bladder (kystis-bladder) ophthalmo-scope-an instrument to view the fundus of the eye Laparoscope - a scope used for examining the peritoneal cavity Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure used to evaluate the interior surfaces of an organ by inserting a small scope in the body, usually through a natural body opening. |
| sesqui- |
|
one and a half, one half more
sesqui-basic-a salt with 3 equivalents of the acid for 2 of the base sesqui-hora-an hour anid a half Sesquipedalian: A long polysyllabic word that means having many syllables or using long words, as is all too often the case with medical terms. From the Latin sesqui- meaning one and a half times + ped, pes meaning foot. In Ars Poetica, the Roman poet Horace cautioned young poets against using "sesquipedalia verba" -- "words a foot and a half long." |
| sangui-, sanguine- |
|
Of or pertaining to blood
Sanguine: 1) Having a ruddy (reddish) complexion. 2) Cheerful, hopeful, confident, and optimistic; impulsive. The word "sanguine" from the Latin "sanguineus" for "blood" has long been used in English for things relating to the blood. A person who is ruddy in complexion is sanguine. His (or her) ruddy countenance was once thought to be due to their having a predominance of one of the four humors -- blood. |
| erythro- |
|
(erythros-red)
erythro-cyte-red cell, red corpuscle erythr-edema-red swelling Erythroleukemia: A form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involving the cells that give rise to the erythrocytes (the red blood cells). In this type of leukemia, the body produces large numbers of abnormal, immature red blood cells. Erythroleukemia is classified as acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) of the M6 type. Erythromycin: Erythromycin is a common antibiotic for treating bacterial infection. Sold under many brand names, including EES, Erycin and Erythromia Erythrophobia: An abnormal and persistent fear of blushing. Sufferers of erythrophobia experience undue anxiety even though they realize their fear is irrational. Their anxiety results from worry about being the focus of attention and the subject of embarrassment. Attempts to suppress blushing often have the opposite effect. Sufferers of erythrophobia tend to avoid social gatherings and workplace projects that require them to interact with, or speak before, groups of co-workers. |
| patella |
|
shallow pan
Patellar: Pertaining to the patella, the kneecap by another name, the familiar small bone planted in the front of the knee. Patellectomy: An operation to remove the patella. Joint, patellofemoral: One of the knee joints. The knee has three parts. The thigh bone (femur) meets the large shin bone (tibia) forming the main knee joint. This joint has an inner (medial) and an outer (lateral) compartment. The kneecap (patella) and the femur form a third joint, called the patellofemoral joint. Patellar tendon reflex: See: Knee jerk. The reflex tested by tapping just below the knee causing the lower leg to suddenly jerk forward. |
| -pathy |
|
(pathos-suffering)
adeno-pathy-glandular disease psycho-pathy-i disorder of the mind, insanity myopathy (muscle disease) neuropathy (nerve disease) retinopathopathy (disease of the retina) sympathy (literally, suffering together) |
| carp(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the wrist
Carpopedal Carpal bone: One of the wrist bones. There are eight carpal bones that are arranged in two rows. The carpal bones articulate (come together to form a joint) proximally (on their near ends) with the long bones of the forearm -- the radius and, indirectly, with the ulna -- and distally (on their far ends) with the five metacarpal bones that make up the palm. The bones of the proximal (near) row of carpals are called the radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory bones, while those of the distal (far) row are termed the first, second, third, and fourth carpal bones. Carpal tunnel syndrome: A type of compression neuropathy (nerve damage) caused by compression and irritation of the median nerve in the wrist. The nerve is compressed within the carpal tunnel, a bony canal in the palm side of the wrist that provides passage for the median nerve to the hand. The irritation of the median nerve is specifically due to pressure from the transverse carpal ligament. |
| peri- |
|
about, around
peri-cardium-around the heart, membrane covering the heart peri-osteum-around the bone, membrane covering the bone peri-stalsis-contraction around, contraction of the intestines peri-toneum-(membrane) stretching around, lining of the abdominal cavity Periaortic: Around the aorta. The aorta is the great artery that comes from the left ventricle of the heart and delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body. Peri- is a prefix borrowed from the Greek. It means "around or about." So perianal is around the anus. For example; pericardial is around the heart, perinatal is around birth, and periumbilical is around the umbilicus (the belly button). Peri- is a useful prefix in anatomy, much employed in medicine. Pericardial fluid is fluid around the heart. Periaortic lymph nodes are lymph nodes around the aorta. Perionychia: An inflammation of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail due to infection. The infection may be bacterial (most commonly, staph or strep) or to fungal. "Perionychia" is composed of "peri-" meaning around or surrounding + the Greek word "onyx" for nail = around the nail. The tissue around the nail is called the perionychium. Perionychia is synonymous with paronychia. Peritoneum: The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. (From the Greek peri- meaning around + tonos meaning a stretching = a stretching around). Peritonsillar abscess: A collection of pus behind the tonsils that pushes one of the tonsils toward the uvula (the prominent soft tissue dangling from the back of the palate in the back of the mouth). A peritonsillar abscess is generally very painful and is usually associated with a decreased ability to open the mouth. If left untreated, the infection can spread deep in the neck causing airway obstruction and life-threatening complications. |
| tympan(o)- |
|
eardrum
Tympanocentesis Tympano- Tympanometry: A test that measures the function of the middle ear. Tympanometry works by varying the pressure within the ear canal and measuring the movement of the ear drum (the tympanic membrane). The word "tympanometry" is compounded from the Greek "tympanon" meaning drum and "metrein" meaning to measure. Tympanoplasty: A surgical operation to correct damage to the middle ear and restore the integrity of bones of the middle ear and the ear drum. Tympano- comes from the Greek tympanon meaning drum Tympanostomy tube: A small plastic tube inserted into the eardrum to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged period of time. These ventilating tubes usually remain in place for 6 months to several years. Eventually, they move out of the eardrum (extrude) and fall out into the ear canal. Also called ear tubes. Tympanum Tympany: A hollow drum-like sound produced when a gas-containing cavity is tapped sharply. Tympany is heard if the chest contains free air (pneumothorax) or the abdomen is distended with gas. Another term for tympany is tympanites. Both terms come from the Greek tympanon meaning drum. |
| hem-, hemnat- |
|
(haima, haimat-blood)
hemat-emesis-vomiting of blood hemo-rrhage-bleeding Hemangioma: A birth irregularity where a localized tissue mass grows rich in small blood vessels. Capillary hemangiomas are composed nearly entirely of tiny capillary vessels. Cavernous hemangiomas are composed of blood- filled "lakes" and channels. Hemarthrosis: Blood in a joint. Hematemesis: The medical term for bloody vomitus. Hematochezia: Bright red blood in the stool, usually from the lower gastrointestinal tract -- the colon or rectum -- or from hemorrhoids. Hematocrit: The proportion of the blood that consists of packed red blood cells. The hematocrit is expressed as a percentage by volume. The red cells are packed by centrifugation. Hematologist: A physician who is specially trained in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the blood and bone marrow as well as the immunologic, hemostatic (blood clotting) and vascular systems. Hematoma: hematoma is a collection of blood outside of a blood vessel. It occurs because the wall of a blood vessel wall, artery, vein or capillary, has been damaged and blood has leaked into tissues where it does not belong. The hematoma may be tiny, with just a dot of blood or it can be large and cause significant swelling A hematoma is caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. The break may be spontaneous, as in the case of an aneurysm, or caused by trauma. The treatment of a hematoma depends on its location and size. Treatment can involve draining the accumulated blood. A hematoma in or near the brain is particularly dangerous. Hematopoiesis: The production of all types of blood cells generated by a remarkable self-regulated system that is responsive to the demands put upon it. Hemochromatosis: Hemochromatosis (iron overload) is an inherited disorder in how the body absorbs and stores iron. The excess iron gives the skin a bronze color and damages the liver and other organs. Diabetes is also a part of the syndrome due to damage to the pancreas. Hemodialysis: A medical procedure that uses a special machine (a dialysis machine) to filter waste products from the blood and to restore normal constituents to it. This shuffling of multiple substances is accomplished by virtue of the differences in the rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane (a dialysis membrane). Hemoglobin: The oxygen-carrying pigment and predominant protein in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin forms an unstable, reversible bond with oxygen. In its oxygenated state it is called oxyhemoglobin and is bright red. In the reduced state it is called deoxyhemoglobin and is purple-blue. Hemolysis: The destruction of red blood cells which leads to the release of hemoglobin from within the red blood cells into the blood plasma. Hemophilia: A group of inherited bleeding disorders in which the ability of blood to clot is impaired. See: Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B. Hemorrhage: Bleeding or the abnormal flow of blood Hemorrhoid: A dilated (enlarged) vein in the walls of the anus and sometimes around the rectum, usually caused by untreated constipation but occasionally associated with chronic diarrhea. Hemostasis: The stoppage of bleeding or hemorrhage. Also, the stoppage of blood flow through a blood vessel or organ of the body. Hemostasis is the arrest of bleeding, whether it be by normal vasoconstriction (the vessel walls closing temporarily), by an abnormal obstruction (such as a plaque) or by coagulation or surgical means (such as ligation). Hemoptysis: Spitting or coughing up blood or bloody-stained sputum. Pronounced he-MOP-ti-sis. |
| -genesis, E. -geny |
|
generation, origin
patho-genesis-the origin or development of a disease spermato-genesis-production of spermatozoa onto-geny-the development of the individual Parthenogenesis- form of asexual reproduction found in females, where growth and development of embryos occurs without fertilization by a male |
| gyne-, gynec- |
|
female
gyneco-plastics-reparative surgery of the female organs Gynecoid obesity: Fat distribution in a female fashion. Gynecoid pelvis: A pelvis that is shaped like a woman's. Gynecologic oncologist: A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating cancers of the female reproductive organs. Gynecologist: A doctor trained to treat diseases of the female reproductive organs. Gynecology: The study of the diseases of the female reproductive organs and the breasts. Gynecomastia: Excessive development of the male breast (so that it is female-like). Gynephobia: An abnormal, irrational and persistent fear of women. Sufferers experience anxiety even though they realize they face no threat. |
| -lysis |
|
"to destroy" or "to separate"
analysis- ana means "above" or "back" or "again." analysis is "the resolution or breaking up of anything complex into its various simple elements, the opposite process to synthesis." hemo-lysis--destruction of the red blood cells para-lysis-loss of voluntary movement in a muscle cytolysis, plasmolysis, onycholysis, hemolysis, hemodialysis, homolysis, heterolysis, histolysis, pyrolosis, and lipolysis anxiolytic- a drug that helps to "loosen" or dissipate anxiety |
| andr(o)- |
|
pertaining to a man
Andrology, android Androgen: A male sex hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of the male sex characteristics. The major androgen is testosterone. Androgen ablation: Treatment designed to suppress or block the production of male hormones. Androgen suppression can be achieved by surgical removal of the testicles, by taking female sex hormones, or by taking other drugs called antiandrogens. Also called androgen suppression. Androgenic: Pertaining to the development of male characteristics, including body hair, the genital organs and muscle mass. "Androgenic" is the adjective form of the noun "androgen," a word referring to any of the male hormones, including testosterone and androsterone. Androphobia: An abnormal and persistent fear of men. Sufferers experience anxiety even though they may realize they face no real threat. Androstenedione: A pivotal adrenal steroid that is a precursor to testosterone and other androgens. Known popularly as andro. Has been used as a supplement to increase muscle strength. Taking andro raises testosterone levels above normal. Side effects include acne, male baldness, and a decrease in "good" cholesterol, which may predispose to cardiovascular disease. |
| endo- |
|
endon-within
endo-crine-secretion within, internal secretion endo-metrium-within the uterus, membrane lining the uterus Endocannabinoid: A marijuana-like substance. Endocervical curettage: The removal of tissue from the inside of the cervix using a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette. Endochondral bone: Any bone that develops in and replaces cartilage. The cartilage is partially or entirely destroyed by the process of calcification. The cartilage is then resorbed (reabsorbed), leaving bone in its place. Many bones are formed this way, particularly the long bones of the arms, legs, and ribs. "Endochondral" means "within cartilage." Endocrinopathy: Literally, a disease of an endocrine gland. A medical term for a hormone problem. For example, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, etc. Endoderm: One of the three primary germ cell layers -- the other two are the mesoderm and ectoderm -- in the very early embryo. The endoderm is the innermost of the three layers. It differentiates to give rise first to the embryonic gut and then to the linings of respiratory and digestive tracts and the liver and pancreas. Endometrial ablation: Removal of the lining of the womb. Removing the uterine lining decreases menstrual flow or stops it completely. Endometrioma: Part of the condition known as endometriosis. Endometrioma is a type of cyst formed when endometrial tissue (the mucous membrane that makes up the inner layer of the uterine wall) grows in the ovaries. It affects women during the reproductive years and may cause chronic pelvic pain associated with menstruation. Endometriosis: The presence of tissue that normally grows inside the uterus (womb) in an abnormal anatomical location. Endometriosis is very common and may not produce symptoms, or it may lead to painful menstruation. It has also been associated with infertility. Endometriosis occurs most commonly within the Fallopian tubes and on the outside of the tubes and ovaries, the outer surface of the uterus and intestines, and anywhere on the surface of the pelvic cavity. It can also be found, less often, on the surface of the liver, in old surgery scars or, very rarely, in the lung or brain. Endometrium: The uterine lining; the cells that line the uterus (the womb); the inner layer of the uterus. This tissue is shed monthly in response to the hormonal changes of the menstrual period. The endometrium then grows back and slowly gets thicker and thicker until the next period when it is once again sloughed off. Endonuclease: An enzyme that cleaves a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) at specific internal sites in the nucleotide base sequence. Endopeptidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of peptide bonds within a polypeptide or protein. Peptidase refers to the fact that it acts on peptide bonds and endopeptidase refers to the fact that these are internal bonds. An exopeptide catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal or penultimate peptide bond, releasing a single amino acid or dipeptide from the peptide chain. Endorphin: One of the body's own painkillers, an opioid (morphine-like) chemical produced by the body that serves to suppress pain. Endorphins are manufactured in the brain, spinal cord, and many other parts of the body. They are released in response to neurotransmitters and bind to certain neuron receptors (the same ones that bind opiate medicines). Endorphins act as analgesics (diminishing the perception of pain) and as sedatives. Chemically, endorphins are peptides (amino acid chains that are shorter than proteins) and they are rapidly inactivated by enzymes called peptidases. Endoscope: A lighted optical instrument used to get a deep look inside the body and examine organs such as the throat or esophagus. An endoscope can be rigid or flexible Endostatin: Endostatin is a piece (a fragment) of a protein, collagen 18, found in all blood vessels. This fragment is normally secreted by tumors. It appears to halt the process of developing new blood vessels (angiogenesis) which is necessary to tumor development. Endostatin may, it is hoped, represent a prototype for a new class of agents with which to treat cancer. Endourologist: An endourologist is a urologist with special expertise in navigating, using endoscopic optical instruments and other tools, inside the kidney, ureter and bladder. Endourologists are specialists in treating diseases of these organs. Endotracheal tube: A flexible plastic tube that is put in the mouth and then down into the trachea (the airway). The doctor inserts the tube under direct vision with the help of a laryngoscope. The procedure is called endotracheal intubation. The purpose is to ventilate the lungs. Endovascular aneurysm repair: Abbreviated (and most often called) EVAR; A procedure to repair an aneurysm of the aorta. In EVAR a stent is placed in the aneurysmal area of the aorta. The procedure is similar to the placement of a stent in a coronary artery after angioplasty. EVAR is done percutaneously (through the skin). It usually involves two small incisions made in the groin to expose the femoral arteries. A synthetic graft and stents are fed through these arteries with catheters and guidewires until the graft is positioned correctly at the top and bottom of the defective portion of the aorta. Removal of the sheath with or without balloon expansion allows barbs or other fixing devices to attach to the artery wall and hold the graft firmly in place, allowing blood to pass through it and remove pressure from the weakened aortic wall. |
| -ad |
|
toward, in the direction of
dorsad cephalad |
| fornix |
|
arch
Fornix cerebri- a fibrous arching band connecting the two lobes of the cerebrum. Fornix conjunctivae- loose arching folds connecting the conjunctival membrane lining the inside of the eyelid with the conjunctival membrane covering the eyeball. Fornix vaginae- the anterior (front) and posterior (back) recesses into which the upper vagina is divided. These vaultlike recesses are formed by protrusion of the cervix into the vagina. aka Fornix uteri. "Fornix" is the Latin word for "vault or arch." "Fornix" is closely related to "fornication." It seems that prostitutes in ancient Rome used to hang out under the arches of certain public buildings. The act of carrying on an illicit sexual relationship consequently came to be called "going under the arches" or fornication. |
|
osseo- ossi- ost(e)-, oste(o)-
|
|
bony
Osseous: Having to do with the bone, consisting of bone, or resembling bone. Os: synonym for "bone." The Latin word "os" means "bone" as does the related Greek word "osteon." Ossicle: Any small bone, such as the tiny bones within the human ear. Osteitis: Osteitis is inflammation of the bone. For example, patients with what is called the SAPHO syndrome develop osteitis -- the O in SAPHO stands for oteitis -- and the bone inflammation typically affects the sacroiliac joints (sacroiliitis) and the spine (spondylitis). This leads to pain and stiffness in the back and neck. Osteoarthritis: A type of arthritis caused by inflammation, breakdown, and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints. Also known as degenerative arthritis. Osteoarthropathy: Any disease of the bones and joints. From osteo-, bone + -arthro-, joint, + pathy, disease. Osteoblast: A cell that makes bone. It does so by producing a matrix that then becomes mineralized. Bone mass is maintained by a balance between the activity of osteoblasts that form bone and other cells called osteoclasts that break it down. See also: Osteoclast. Osteoblastoma: A benign tumor in bone tissue. Osteoblastomas are small, and are seen most frequently in children or young adults. Symptoms include pain and bone mass reduction. Treatment is primarily by surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation have also been used to treat osteoblastoma but are controversial. Osteochondritis dissecans: A condition in which a fragment of bone in a joint is deprived of blood and separates from the rest of the bone, causing soreness and making the joint "give way". Diagnosis is by X-ray. Treatment is usually by casting, although if the fragment has detached completely, arthroscopic surgery may be needed. Abbreviated OCD or OD. Osteochondroma: An abnormal, solitary, benign growth of bone and cartilage, typically at the end of a long bone. Osteochondromas are usually discovered in persons 15 to 25 years of age. They are typically detected when the area is injured, or when they become large. It can be a hereditary condition, in which case it may be called hereditary multiple exostoses (HMS). Osteocyte: A bone cell. Osteodystrophy: A bone disorder that adversely affects bone growth. See also renal osteodystrophy. Osteogenesis: The production of bone. Osteogenesis imperfecta: Brittle bone disease. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is not one but a group of genetic diseases, all of which affect collagen in connective tissue in the body and all of which result in fragile bones. The best known types are types I and II Osteolytic: Pertaining to the dissolution of bone, especially the loss of calcium from bone. "Punched-out" osteolytic lesions are characteristic of metastatic lung and breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Osteomalacia: Softening of bone, particularly in the sense of bone weakened by demineralization (the loss of mineral) and most notably by the depletion of calcium from bone. Osteomalacia may be caused by poor dietary intake or poor absorption of calcium and other minerals needed to harden bones. Osteomalacia is a characteristic feature of vitamin D deficiency in adults. The treatment of osteomalacia is by dietary change. Hormone supplements may also be helpful for post-menopausal women. Osteopenia: Mild thinning of the bone mass, but not as severe as osteoporosis. Osteopenia results when the formation of bone (osteoid synthesis) is not enough to offset normal bone loss (bone lysis). Osteopenia is generally considered the first step along the road to osteoporosis, a serious condition in which bone density is extremely low and bones are porous and prone to shatter. Diminished bone calcification, as seen on plain X-ray film, is referred to as osteopenia, whether or not osteoporosis is present. The diagnosis of osteopenia may also be made by a special X-ray machine for bone density testing. Osteopetrosis: Thickening of the bones which become abnormally dense due an inherited defect in bone resorption -- the process in which old bone is broken down and removed so that new bone can be added to the skeleton. Osteoclasts are the cells responsible for bone resorption. In osteopetrosis the osteoclasts do not perform normally. This flaw in bone resorption results in bones that are abnormally dense, yet are fragile and easily broken. Men and women are equally affected by the disease. Osteoporosis: Thinning of the bones with reduction in bone mass due to depletion of calcium and bone protein. Osteoporosis predisposes a person to fractures, which are often slow to heal and heal poorly. It is more common in older adults, particularly post-menopausal women; in patients on steroids; and in those who take steroidal drugs. Osteosarcoma: A cancer of the bone that occurs predominantly in adolescents and young adults. It accounts for 5 percent of cancer in children. Osteotomy: Taking out part or all of a bone, or cutting into or through bone. Osteotomy, cuneiform: Surgical removal of a triangular piece of bone. |
| hemi- |
|
(one half)
hemi-atrophy-atrophy of one lateral half of a part or organ hemi-plegia-half stroke, paralysis of one side of the body Hemidesmosome- A specialised structure that attaches an epithelial cell to the basement membrane beneath it. Hemidiaphragm- Half of the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen and that serves as the main muscle of respiration. Both hemidiaphragms are visible on X-ray studies from the front or back. The right hemidiaphragm is protected by the liver and is stronger than the left. The left hemidiaphragm is more often subject to rupture and hernia than the right. This may also reflect weaknesses at the points of embryologic fusion of the left hemidiaphragm. Hemifacial microsomia- Goldenhar syndrome: Congenital malformation of the jaw, cheek and ear associated with vertebral defects. Hemihyperhidrosis- (excess sweating) confined to one side of the body. Hemihyperhidrosis may occur after a stroke. Hemihypertrophy- Asymmetric overgrowth (hypertrophy) of the skull, face, trunk, limbs, and/or digits, with or without visceral involvement. Hemihypertrophy may be an isolated finding in an otherwise normal individual, or it may appear as part of several syndromes, including the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Hemiparesis- Weakness on one side of the body Hemiplegia- Paralysis of one side of the body. From hemi- (half) + plege (a blow, stroke). Hemithorax- Half of the thorax or, more simply, one side of the chest. The plural is hemithoraxes or hemithoraces. A chest with no separation of the hemithoraces is called a buffalo chest. Hemizygous- Having only a single copy of a gene instead of the customary two copies. All of the gene on the single X chromosome in the male are in the hemizygous state |
| -desis |
|
binding arthrodesis Pleurodesis |
| zo(o)- |
|
animal, animal life
Zoonosis Zoonotic Zoonotic disease Zoonotic transfer Zooparasite Zoophilia Zoophobia |
| xen(o)- |
|
Foreign, different
Xenograft Xenoantigen Xenobiotic Xenograft Xenotransplantation Xenotropic virus |
| xanth(o)- |
|
Denoting a yellow color, an abnormally yellow color
Xanthopathy Xanthelasma Xanthine Xanthinuria Xanthoma Xanthoma tendinosum Xanthoma tuberosum Xanthoma, diabetic Xanthoma, disseminatum Xanthoma, eruptive Xanthoma, planar Xanthomatosis Xanthopsia Xanthosis |
| viscer(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the internal organs, the viscera
Viscera |
| vesic(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the bladder
Vesica Vesical Vesicant Vesicate Vesicatory Vesicle Vesicle, seminal Vesicoenteric Vesicointestinal Vesicular Vesicular rickettsiosis Vesiculitis Vesiculography |
| ventr(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the belly; the stomach cavities
Ventrodorsal |
| vasculo- |
|
blood vessel
Vascular Vascular bed Vascular dementia Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Vascular headache Vascular hemophilia Vasculitis Vasculitis, allergic Vasculitis, retinal |
| vas(o)- |
|
duct, blood vessel
Vasoconstriction Vasodepressor syncope Vasodilation Vasodilators Vasomotor Vasomotor rhinitis Vasopressin Vasovagal attack Vasovagal reaction Vasovagal syncope |
| vas(o)- |
|
duct, blood vessel
vasoconstriction |
| varic(o)- |
|
swollen or twisted vein
Varicocele Varicose vein Varicose veins Varicosity |
| ungui- |
|
Of or pertaining to the nail, a claw
Unguiform, Ungual Unguis incarnatus |
| -ula, -ule |
|
small
Nodule |
| -tripsy |
|
crushing
Lithotripsy |
| trich(i)-, trichia, trich(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to hair, hair-like structure
Trichotomy |
| trache(o)- |
|
trachea
Trachea Trachelectomy Tracheoesophageal puncture Tracheostomy Tracheostomy button Tracheostomy tube tracheotomy |
| tox(i)-, tox(o)-, toxico- |
|
toxin, poison
Toxoplasmosis |
| top(o)- |
|
place, topical
Topoisomerase |
| -tony |
| tension |
| tono- |
|
tone, tension, pressure
Tonometry Tonotopic Tonotopy |
|
-tome
-tomy |
|
cutting instrument
act of cutting; incising, incision |
| toco- |
|
childbirth
Tocolysis Tocolytic Tocolytic agent Tocophobia |
| thym(o)(ia)- |
|
emotions
dysthymia |
| thromb(o)- |
|
Of or relating to a blood clot, clotting of blood
Thrombus, Thrombocytopenia Thrombectomy Thrombi Thrombin Thrombinogen Thrombocyte Thrombocythemia Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome Thrombocytopenic purpura, acute Thrombocytosis Thromboembolism Thrombolytic agent Thrombophilia Thrombophlebitis Thrombosis Thrombosis, cavernous sinus Thrombosis, deep vein (DVT) Thrombospondin Thrombotic disease due to protein C deficiency Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Thromboxane Thromboxane A2 Thromboxane B2 Thrombus |
| thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-, thoracico- |
|
Of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest; the area above the breast and under the neck
Thorax Thoracentesis Thoraces Thoracic Thoracic aneurysm Thoracic aorta Thoracic cage Thoracic duct Thoracic outlet syndrome Thoracic vertebrae Thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) Thoracotomy |
| thel(e)-, thel(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to a nipple [uncommon as a prefix]
Theleplasty Thelarche |
| thec- |
|
case, sheath
Intrathecal |
| tetan- |
|
rigid, tense
tetanus |
| -stomy |
|
creation of an opening
Ileostomy Colostomy Urostomy |
| stom(a) |
|
mouth
stomatognathic system |
| steth(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest, the area above the breast and under the neck
Stethoscope |
| sten(o)- |
|
Denoting something as 'narrow in shape' or pertaining to narrow-ness
Stenography |
| -staxis |
| dripping, trickling |
| squamos(o)- |
|
Denoting something as 'full of scales' or 'scaly'
Squamous cell carcinoma |
| spondyl(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the spine
Spondylitis Spondylolisthesis Spondylolysis Spondylosis |
| somat(o)-, somatico- |
|
body, bodily
Somatic Somatic cell Somatoform disorder Somatostatin Somatotropin |
| sito- |
|
food, grain
Sitophilus granarius Sitosterolemia |
| sinistr(o)- |
| left, left side |
| sigmoid(o)- |
|
sigmoid, sigmoid colon
Sigmoid Sigmoidoscope Sigmoidoscopy |
| sial(o)- |
|
saliva, salivary gland
sialagogue Sialidosis |
|
-scope
-scopy |
|
instrument for viewing
stethoscope use of instrument for viewing endoscopy |
| scoli(o)- |
|
twisted
scoliosis |
| schiz(o)- |
|
Denoting something 'split' or 'double-sided'
Schizophrenia |
| sarco- |
|
muscular, fleshlike
sarcoma |
| salping(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the fallopian tubes
Salpingectomy |
| rubr(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the red nucleus of the brain
Rubrospinal |
| orrhexis, -rrhexis, |
|
to rupture
angiorrhexis, enterorrexis. |
| rhod(o)- |
|
Denoting a rose-red color
Rhodophyte |
| rhin(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the nose
rhinoceros, rhinoplasty |
| rhachi(o)- |
|
spine
rachial, rachialgia, rachidian, rachiopathy |
| rhabd(o)- |
|
rod shaped, striated
Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyosarcoma |
| reticul(o)- |
|
net
Retic count Reticulocyte Reticulocytosis Reticuloendotheliosis, leukemic |
| rect(o)- |
|
rectum
Rectocele Rectouterine pouch |
| quadr(i)- |
|
four
quadriceps Quadriparesis Quadriplegia |
| pyro- |
|
fever
Antipyretic |
| pyo- |
|
pus
Pyometra |
| pyel(o)- |
|
pelvis
Pyelonephritis Pyelo Pyelogram |
| -ptosis |
|
falling, drooping, downward placement, prolapse
Apoptosis |
| proct(o)- |
|
anus, rectum proctology
Proctocele Proctology Proctosigmoidoscopy |
| presby(o)- |
|
old age
Presbyopia Presbycusis |
| porphyr(o)- |
|
Denotes a purple color
Porphyroblast Porphyria |
| polio- |
|
Denoting a grey color
Poliomyelitis |
| -poiesis |
|
production
hematopoiesis |
| pod-, -pod-, -pus |
|
Of or pertaining to the foot, -footed
Podiatry Podocyte |
| pneum(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the lungs
Pneumonocyte Pneumonia Pneumocystis Pneumocyte Pneumomediastinum Pneumonectomy Pneumonia Pneumopericardium Pneumothorax |
| -plexy |
|
stroke or seizure
Cataplexy |
| pleur(o)-, pleur(a) |
|
Of or pertaining to the ribs
Pleurogenous Pleura Pleurae Pleural Pleural effusion Pleural effusion, fetal Pleural space Pleurisy Pleuritis Pleurodesis Pleurodynia |
| pleio- |
|
more, excessive, multiple
pleiomorphism Pleiotropic |
| -plegia |
|
paralysis
paraplegia |
| -plasty |
|
surgical repair, reconstruction
rhinoplasty |
| -plasia |
| Achondroplasia |
| phren(i)-, phren(o)-, phrenico |
|
[[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm], the mind]
Phrenic nerve schizophrenia Phrenic pacing Phrenology |
| phleb(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, a vein
Phlebography, Phlebotomy |
| pharyng(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the pharynx, the upper throat cavity
Pharyngitis Pharyngoscopy Pharyngeal Pharyngitis Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum Pharynx |
| -phago- |
|
eating, devouring
phagocyte, phagocytosis |
| -phage, -phagia |
|
conditions relating to eating or ingestion
Sarcophagia, dysphagia |
| phaco- |
|
lens-shaped
phacolysis, phacometer, phacoscotoma, Phacoemulsification |
| -pexy |
|
fixation
Nephropexy |
| peri- |
|
Denoting something with a position 'surrounding' or 'around' another
Periodontal Perianal Perianal abscess Periaortic Periappendiceal Pericardial Pericardial tamponade Pericarditis Pericardium Perichondrium Perichondroma Perilingual Perimenopause Perinatal Perinatal transmission Perinatologist Perinatology Periodontics Periodontitis Perionychium Perioperative Periosteal Periosteoma Periosteum Periostitis Periostoma Peripheral Peristalsis Peritoneal Peritonsillar abscess |
| peo- |
|
Of or pertaining to the penis
Peotomy |
| -penia |
|
deficiency
osteopenia |
| ped-, -ped-, -pes |
|
Of or pertaining to the foot;
Pedoscope |
| parvo- |
|
small
Parvovirus |
| -paresis |
|
slight paralysis
hemiparesis |
| para- |
|
alongside of, abnormal
Para Paraesthesia Paragonimiasis Parainfluenza Paralysis Paramyxovirus Paraneoplastic syndrome Paranychia Paraoxonase Paraparesis Paraphilia Paraphimosis Paraplegia Paraquat Parasitosis Paraskevidekatriaphobia Parasomnia Parasplenic Parasuicide Parasympathetic nervous system Parathormone Parathyrin Parathyroid Parathyroidectomy |
| papul(o)- |
|
Indicates papulosity, a small elevation or swelling in the skin, a pimple, swelling
Papular Papule |
| pan-, pant(o)- |
|
Denoting something as 'complete' or containing 'everything'
panophobia, panopticon Pancolitis Pancreozymin Pancytopenia Pandemic Pandiculation Panencephalitis Panmixus |
| palpebr- |
|
Of or pertaining to the eyelid
Palpebra Palpebral conjunctiva Palpebral fissure Palpebral gland |
| pachy- |
|
thick
pachyderma |
| ot(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the ear
Otolaryngologist Otology Otopharyngeal tube Otoplasty Otosclerosis Otoscope |
| or(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the mouth
Oromandibular dystonia Oropharynx |
| omphal(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus
Omphalocele Omphalos |
| olig(o)- |
|
Denoting something as 'having little, having few'
Oligotrophy Oligoarthritis Oligoastrocytoma Oligodactyly Oligodendrocyte Oligodendroglioma Oligohydramnios Oligomenorrhea Oligonucleotide Oligopeptide Oligospermia |
| odyn(o)- |
|
pain
stomatodynia odynophagia |
| odont(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to teeth
orthodontist |
| neo- |
|
new
Neoplasm Neocortex Neonatal Neonate Neonatology Neophobia Neoplasia Neoplasm Neoplastic |
| necr(o)- |
|
death
Necrobiosis Necropsy Necrotic Necrotizing fasciitis Necrotizing gingivitis |
| narc(o)- |
|
numb, sleep
narcoanalysis narcohypnia narcohypnosis narcolepsy narcosis narcosynthesis narcotherapy narcotic narcotism |
| myx(o)- |
|
mucus
Myxoma |
| myel(o)- |
|
Of or relating to bone marrow
Myeloblast Myelodysplastic syndrome Myeloencephalitis Myelofibrosis Myelogram Myeloma Myeloproliferative |
| myc(o)- |
|
fungus
Onychomycosis Myc- Mycelia Mycelium Mycet- Myco- Mycobacteria Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Mycosis fungoides Mycotoxin |
| my(o)- |
|
Of or relating to muscle
Myo- (prefix) Myocardial Myocarditis Myocardium Myoclonic Myocyte Myofascial pain syndrome Myoglobin Myokymia Myoma Myomectomy Myometrium Myopathy Myopia Myositis Myostatin Myotonic |
| mon(o)- |
|
single
Monaural Mono Monoamine oxidase inhibitor Monoarticular Monochromat Monoclonal Monocular Monocyte Monogenic Mononeuritis Mononeuropathy Mononucleosis Mononucleotide Monosodium glutamate Monosomy Monozygous twins |
| -meter |
|
measurement
Sphygmomanometer |
| meta- |
|
after, behind
Metabolic Metabolomics Metabonomics Metacarpals Metacentric chromosome Metagene Metanalysis Metaphase Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (McKusick type) Metastasis Metatarsal Metatarsophalangeal |
| mero- |
|
part
merocrine, meroblastic |
| mening(o)- |
|
membrane
Meninges Meningioma Meningitis Meningocele (MM) Meningococcus Meningoencephalitis Meningomyelocele |
| melan(o)- |
|
black color
Melanin Melanocyte Melanoderma Melanoma Melanosis coli |
| -malacia |
|
softening
Osteomalacia |
| macr(o)- |
|
large, long
Macrophage Macrocephaly Macrocytic Macrogenitosomia Macroglobulinemia Macroglossia Macrognathia Macrolide Macroorchidism Macrophage Macrosomia Macrovascular |
| -lysis |
|
Destruction, separation
Paralysis |
| lith(o)- |
|
stone, calculus
Lithotripsy Lithotomy |
| lingu(a)-, lingu(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the tongue
Linguistics |
| lept(o)- |
|
light, slender
Leptomeninges Leptospirosis |
| -lepsis, -lepsy |
|
attack, seizure
Epilepsy, narcolepsy |
| lei(o)- |
|
smooth
Leiomyoma |
| lapar(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the abdomen-wall, flank
Laparoscope Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Laparoscopy Laparotomy |
| lacrim(o)- |
|
tear
Lacrimal canaliculi Lacrimal Lacrimal gland Lacrimation |
| kyph(o)- |
|
humped
Kyphosis Kyphoscoliosis |
| kerat(o)- |
|
cornea (eye or skin)
Keratitis Keratoconjunctivitis Keratoconus Keratoderma hereditarium mutilans Keratodermia blennorrhagicum Keratotomy |
| -ium |
| structure, tissue |
| ischio- |
|
Of or pertaining to the ischium, the hip-joint
Ischial bursitis Ischium |
| irid(o)- |
|
iris
Iridectomy Iridology |
| ileo- |
|
ileum
Ileal pouch Ileitis Ileoscopy Ileostomy Ileum Ileus |
| idio- |
|
self, one's own
Idiopathic |
| -icle |
|
small
Ovarian follicle |
| -i-asis |
|
condition
Mydriasis |
| humer(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the shoulder
Humerus |
| hist(o)-, histio- |
| tissue |
| hidr(o)- |
|
sweat
Hidrosis |
| hepat- (hepatic-) |
|
Of or pertaining to the liver
Hepatic artery Hepatic biopsy Hepatic duct Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic hemangioma Hepatitis A-G Hepatobiliary Hepatoblastoma Hepatocarcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatology Hepatoma Hepatomegaly Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatotoxic |
| hemi- |
|
one-half
Cerebral hemisphere Hemidesmosome Hemidiaphragm Hemifacial microsomia Hemihyperhidrosis Hemihypertrophy Hemiparesis Hemiplegia Hemiplegia, alternating Hemiplegic |
| hemat-, haemato- |
|
Of or pertaining to blood
Hemangioma Hemarthrosis Hematemesis Hematochezia Hematocrit Hematoma Hematophobia Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic Hematuria |
| gyn- |
|
woman
Gynecoid Gynecologist Gynecomastia Gynephobia Gyno- |
| gnath(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the jaw
Gnashing Gnathostomiasis |
| gloss(o)-, glott(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the tongue
Glossal Glossitis Glossolalia Glossopharyngeal nerve |
| glauc(o)- |
|
Denoting a grey, bluish-grey color
Glaucoma |
| gingiv- |
|
Of or pertaining to the gums
Gingivitis |
| genu- |
|
Of or pertaining to the knee
Genu valgum |
| -genic |
| Formative, pertaining to producing |
| gastro- |
|
Of or pertaining to the stomach
Gastritis Gastroentenologist Gastroenteritis Gastroesophageal Gastrointestinal Gastroparesis Gastropathy Gastroschisis Gastroscope Gastrostomy |
| galact(o)- |
|
milk
Galactorrhea Galactose Galactosemia |
| front |
| Of or pertaining to the forehead |
| fossa |
| ditch, pit |
| Fibro- |
|
fiber
Fibrinogen Fibroadenoma Fibroblast Fibrodysplasia Fibrofolliculomas Fibroid Fibroma Fibromyalgia Fibronectin, fetal Fibrosarcoma Fibrosis Fibrositis Fibrous dysplasia |
| faci(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the face
Facio-auriculo-vertebral spectrum Facioauriculovertebral sequence Faciodigitogenital dysplasia Faciogenital dysplasia Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy |
| extra- |
|
outside
Extracellular Extracolonic Extracorporeal Extracranial Extradural hematoma Extrafallopian Extrapulmonary tuberculosis Extrapyramidal side effects Extrasystole Extrauterine Extravasate |
| Exo- |
|
outside
Exocrine Exogenous Exomphalos-macroglossia-gigantism syndrome Exon Exonuclease Exopeptidase Exophthalmos Exotropia |
| eu- |
|
true, good, well, new
Eugenics Eukaryote Euphenics Euphoria Euploid Eustachian tube Euthanasia Euthyroid |
| esthesio- |
| sensation |
| erythr(o)- |
|
Denotes a red color
Erythema Erythrasma Erythrocyanosis Erythrocyte Erythrodermic psoriasis Erythroleukemia Erythromycin Erythrophobia Erythroplakia Erythropoietin (EPO) Erythroprosopalgia |
| episi(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the pubic region, the loins
Episiotomy |
| epi- |
|
on, upon
Epi- Epicardium Epicondylitis Epidemic Epidermal Epidermoid carcinoma Epidermolysis bullosa Epididymis Epididymitis Epidural Epigastrium Epigenetic Epigenetics Epiglottis Epilation Epilepsy Epilepsy Epinephrine Epiphenomenon Epiphysis Epiretinal membrane Episclera Episcleritis Episiotomy Epispadias Epistaxis Epistemic Epithelial Epitope Epizootic |
| enter(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the intestine
Enteric Enteric-coated Enteritis, Crohn Enteritis, regional Entero- Enterobiasis Enterocele Enterococcus Enterocolitis, Crohn Enteropathy Enteropathy, gluten Enteropathy, protein-losing Enteroplasty Enteroscopy Enterospasm Enterostomal therapist Enterostomy Enterovirus |
| endo- |
|
Denotes something as 'inside' or 'within'
Endocannabinoid Endocardial Endocardium Endocervical curettage Endochondral bone Endocrine Endocrine gland Endocrinology Endocrinopathy Endoderm Endodermal Endogenous Endometrial ablation Endometrial biopsy Endometrial cancer Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrioid cyst Endometrioma Endometriosis Endometriosis interna Endometriosis uterina Endometritis Endometrium Endonuclease Endopeptidase Endoplasmic reticulum Endorectal MRI Endorphin Endoscope Endoscopic gastrostomy, percutaneous (PEG) Endoscopic papillotomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic sphincterotomy Endoscopic ultrasound Endoscopy Endoscopy, upper Endostatin Endothelial Endothelial progenitor cell Endothelium Endotherm Endotracheal tube Endourologist Endovaginal ultrasound Endovascular aneurysm repair |
| encephal(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the brain
Electroencephalography (EEG) Encephalitis Encephalomyelitis Encephalopathic syndrome Encephalopathy |
| -emia |
|
blood condition
Anemia Leukemia |
| -ectasis |
|
expansion, dilation
Bronchiectasis |
| -dynia |
|
pain
Vulvodynia |
| duodeno- |
|
duodenum, twelve: upper part of the small intestine (twelve inches long on average), connects to the stomach
Duodenal atresia |
| dextr(o)- |
|
right, on the right side
Dextrocardia dextroscoliosis |
| dactyl(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to a finger, toe
Dactylology dactylitis dactyloscopy |
| dacryo- |
|
tear
dacryocystitis dacryoadenitis dacryolith |
| -cyte |
|
cell
Leukocyte |
| cyst(o)-, cyst(i)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the urinary bladder
cystitis cystotomy cystoscopy |
| cyph(o)- |
|
Denotes something as bent
Kyphosis |
| cyan(o)- |
|
Denotes a blue color
Cyanopsia |
| cutane- |
|
skin
Subcutaneous |
| cry(o)- |
|
cold
Cryoablation |
| -crine |
|
to secrete
Endocrine |
| cox- |
|
Of or relating to the hip, haunch, or hip-joint
Coxopodite |
| cordi- |
|
Of or pertaining to the heart
Commotio cordis |
| colp(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the vagina
Colposcopy |
| clast |
|
break
osteoclast |
| cis- |
| on this side |
| circum- |
|
Denoting something as 'around' another
Circumcision |
| cili- |
|
Of or pertaining to the cilia, the eyelashes; eyelids
Ciliary |
| chrom(ato)- |
|
color
Hemachromatosis |
| chondr(i)o- |
|
cartilage, gristle, granule, granular
Chondrocalcinosis |
| cholecyst(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the gallbladder
Cholecystectomy |
| chol(e)- |
|
Of or pertaining to bile
Cholaemia |
| chlor(o)- |
|
Denoting a green color
Chlorophyll |
| chir(o)-, cheir(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the hand
Chiropractor |
| cerebr(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the brain
Cerebrology |
| cerebell(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the cerebellum
Cerebellum |
| cephal(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the head (as a whole)
Cephalalgy |
| -centesis |
|
surgical puncture for aspiration
Amniocentesis |
| -cele |
|
pouching, hernia
Hydrocele |
| cata- |
|
down, under
Cataract |
| carcin(o)- |
|
cancer
Carcinoma |
| capit- |
|
Pertaining to the head (as a whole)
Capitation |
| capill- |
|
Of or pertaining to hair
Capillus |
| burs(o)- |
|
bursa fluid sac between the bones
Bursitis |
| bucc(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the cheek
Buccolabial |
| brachy- |
|
Indicating 'short' or less commonly 'little'
brachycephalic |
| blephar(o)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the eyelid
Blepharoplast |
| blast(o)- |
|
germ or bud
Blastomere |
| balano- |
|
Of the glans penis or glans clitoridis
Balanitis |
| azo(to) |
|
nitrogenous compound
azothermia : raised temperature due to nitrogenous substances in blood |
| axill- |
|
Of or pertaining to the armpit
Axilla |
| aur(i)- |
|
Of or pertaining to the ear
Aural |
| atri(o)- |
|
an atrium (esp. heart atrium)
atrioventricular |
| atel(o) |
|
imperfect or incomplete development
atelocardia : imperfect development of the heart |
| asthenia |
|
weakness
Myasthenia gravis |
| articul(o)- |
|
joint
Articulation |
| arch(i,e,o) |
|
first, primitive
archinephron : first formed kidney |
| apo- |
|
separated from, derived from
Apoptosis |
| anti- |
|
Describing something as 'against' or 'opposed to' another
Antibody, antipsychotic |
| ante- |
|
Describing something as positioned in front of another thing
antepartum |
| ankyl(o)-, ancyl(o)- |
|
Denoting something as crooked or bent
Ankylosis |
| ankyl(o)-, ancyl(o)- |
|
Denoting something as crooked or bent
Ankylosis |
| aniso- |
|
Describing something as unequal
Anisotropic, anisocytosis |
| angi(o)- |
|
blood vessel
Angiogram |
| ana- |
|
back, again, up
Anaplasia |
| amnio- |
|
Pertaining to the membranous fetal sac (amnion)
Amniocentesis |
| ambi- |
|
Denoting something as positioned on both sides
Ambidextrous |
| allo- |
|
Denoting something as different, or as an addition
Alloantigen, allopathy |
| -algia |
|
pain
Myalgia |
| alge(si)- |
|
pain
Analgesic |
| alb- |
|
Denoting a white or pale color
white Albino |
| aesthesio- |
|
sensation
Anesthesia |
| aer(o)- |
|
air, gas
Aerosinusitis |
| aemia |
|
blood condition
Anaemia |
| adren(o)- |
|
Of or relating to adrenal glands
adrenal artery |
| adip(o)- |
|
Of or relating to fat or fatty tissue
Adipocyte |
| aden(o)-, aden(i)- |
|
Of or relating to a gland
Adenocarcinoma, adenology, adenotome, adenotyphus |
| ad- |
|
increase, adherence, motion toward
Adduction |
| -acusis |
|
hearing
paracusis |
| acr(o)- |
|
extremity, topmost
Acrocrany, acromegaly, acroosteolysis, acroposthia |
| acous(io)- |
|
Of or relating to hearing
acoumeter, acoustician |
| acanth(o)- |
|
thorn or spine
acanthion, acanthocyte, acanthoma, acanthulus |
| ab- |
|
away from
Abduction |
| a-, an- |
|
Denotes an absence of
Apathy, Analgia |
| -form |
|
shape, form-indicating a resemblance to the stem word
cunei-form-wedge shaped (cuneus) funi-form-rope like (funis) fusi-form-spindle shaped (fusus) |
| uni- |
|
(unus-one)
uni-axial-having one axis uni-lateral-having one side, confined to one side only uni-nuclear-having one nucleus |
| sinistro- |
|
(sinister, sinistr-left)
sinistro-cerebral-relating to the left cerebral hemisphere sinistro-lateral-relating to the left side sinistro-torsion-turning or twisting to the left |
| semi- |
|
half, in part, somewhat
semi-comatose-in a condition of mild coma semi-flexion-midway between extension and flexion semi-lunar-half-moon shaped (luna) semi-luxation-a partial dislocation (luxatio) |
| postero- |
|
(posterior-behind)
postero-lateral-behind and to one side postero-parietal-relating to the posterior portion of the parietal lobe |
| primi- |
|
(primus-first)
primi-para-a woman giving birth the first time prim-ordial-primitive (ordire-to begin) |
| pluri- |
|
(plus, plur-more)
pluri-glandular-noting several glands or their secretion pluri-gravida-a synonym for multi-gravida pluri-para-a woman who has given birth to three or more children |
| multi- |
|
(multus-many)
multi-form-occurring in many forms multi-gravida-a woman who has been pregnant many times multi-lobar-having several lobes multi-nuclear-having two or more nuclei |
| medio- |
|
(medius-middle)
medio-carpal-relating to the central part of the wrist (carpus) medio-lateral-relating to the middle and one side medio-tarsal-relating to the middle of the instep (tarsus) |
| mal- |
|
(malus-bad, evil)
mal-adjustment-poor adjustment mal-aria-bad air (aria) mal-formation-congenital deformity mal-practice-mistreatment of a disease |
| dextro- |
|
(dexter, dextr-right) .
dextro-ocular-right eyed (oculus) dextro-manual-right handed (manus) dextro-pedal-right footed (pes, stem, ped-) |
| anter- |
|
(anterior-before, in front of)
antero-grade-moving forward (gradior-to step) antero-lateral-in front and to the side (latus) antero-posterior-relating to both front and rear. |
| albo- |
|
(albus-white)
albo-cinereous--ashen white (cinus, ciner-ash) albo-ferrin-a light brown powder with an iron compound (ferrum) albu-lactin-trade name of a soluble lactalbumin (lac-milk) |
| -tio, Fr. and E. -tion |
|
a suffix of verbal roots signifying an action or function
bi-furca-tion-a forking, division into branches (furca-fork) in-flamma-tion-a morbid change in the tissues (flamma-flame) palpa-tion-an examination by the hands (palpare-to feel) |
| -tas, E. -ty |
|
denotes an abstract quality or idea
acidi-ty-the state of being acid (acidum) immuni-ty-a state resistant to disease (immunis-free from service) in-sani-ty-unsoundness of mind (insanus) senili-ty-old age (senex-old) |
| -osus, E. -ous or -ose- |
|
an adjectival suffix
aque-ous-watery (aqua) adip-ose-fatty (adeps, stem; adip-fat) pil-ose--hairy (pilus-hair) rug-ose-wrinkled (ruga-wrinkle) |
| -orium |
|
-designates a place
sanat-orium-a place for treatment (sanare-to heal) sens-orium-the seat of sensation (sensus-sense) tent-orium-tent, an anatomical part resembling a tent or covering |
| -or |
|
denotes a state or an agent
don-or-giver (donare-to give) levat-or-one that lifts (levare-to lift) rub-or-redness (ruber-red) tum-or-swelling (tumescere-to swell) |
| -culum, E. -cle |
|
a diminutive
corpus-cle-little body folli-cle-little bag (follis) ventri-cle-little belly, ventricle (venter) vesi-cle-little bladder (vesica) |
| -alis, E. -al |
|
an adjectival termination
cruci-al-decisive (crux-cross) digit-al-relating or resembling a digit dors-al-relating to the back (dorsum) or-al-relating to the mouth (os, stem or-) |
| -ago, -igo |
|
-gives an idea of activity
lumb-ago-rheumatism of the lumbar region (lumbus-loin) prur-igo-itch (prurire-to itch) vert-igo--dizziness, giddiness (vertere-to turn around) |
| ultra- |
|
beyond, in excess
ultra-filtration-extra fine filtration ultra-ligation-ligation of a vessel beyond the origin of a branch ultra-violet-rays beyond the violet end of the spectrum ultra-virus-extra virus, filtrable virus |
| trans- |
|
across, through, beyond
trans-ference--carry across, displacement of symptoms or effect trans-fusion-pouring across, transfer of blood trans-plantation-grafting of tissues trans-urethral-through the urethra |
| supra- |
|
above, upon, over, upper
supra-costal-above the rib (costa) supra-pubic-above the pubic arch supra-renal-above the kidney (ren) supra-sternal-above the breast (sternum) |
| super- |
|
above (in position or degree), over, upper part, extreme
super-acute-excessively sharp or acute super-ciliary-above the eyebrow super-numerary-in excess of the regular or normal number super-tension-extreme tension |
| sub-, sup-under |
|
(in position or degree), beneath, downward, nearly
sub-acute-not definitely acute sub-cutaneous-under the skin sub-liminal-below the threshold (of sensation) sup-puration (from sub-puration)-the formation of pus |
| se- |
|
an inseparable prefix meaning apart, sundering
se-cretion-separation (esp. of various substances from the blood) se-gregation-removal of certain parts from a mass se-junction-breaking of continuity |
| re-, red (before a vowel)- |
|
back, again
re-current-running back, returned re-duce-lead back, replace re-flex-bent back, reacting, reaction red-integration-renewal, restoration of lost or injured parts |
| pro- |
|
before, in front of, forward
pro-cess-an advance or progress pro-ductive-leading forward, capable of producing pro-lapse-to fall, sink forward pro-sector-one who prosects, demonstrator of anatomy |
| prae-, E. pre- |
|
before (in time or space), in front of, anterior
pre-frontal-the anterior portion of the frontal lobe pre-gnancy-before birth, gestation pre-mature-unripe, undeveloped, occurring before the appointed time pre-oral-in front of the mouth |
| post- |
|
behind, following, after (time or space), posterior
post-encephalitis-following or a sequel of encephalitis post-febrile-after fever (febris) post-ocular-behind the eye post-partum-after birth |
| per- |
|
through, thorough, excessive, very
per-cutaneous-through the skin (cutis) per-forate-to pierce, bore through per-meable-permitting the passage through per-oxide-the oxide that contains the greatest number of oxygen' atoms |
| ob- |
|
in front of, against, near (space or time)
ob-literation--complete removal ob-stetrics-to stand in front (of a woman), midwifery ob-struction-the act of blocking or clogging oc-clusion (from ob-clusion)-the act of closure or state of being closed |
| juxta- |
|
beside, near
juxta-articular-situated near a joint juxta-position-an adjacent position juxta-spinal-close to the spinal column |
| intro- |
|
into, inward, within
intro-duction-leading into intro-flexion-bending inward intro-mission-insertion intro-vert-turned within, a person given to introspection |
| intra- |
|
within, inside of
intra-cellular-within the cell intra-rectal-within the rectum intra-uterine-within the uterus intra-venous-in, into, within a vein |
| inter- |
|
between
inter-cellular--between cells inter-digital-between the fingers or toes inter-mittent-marked by intervals inter,vertebral-situated between two vertebrae |
| infra- |
|
below, beneath, downward, lower
infra-inguinal-below the groin infra-maxillary-below the maxilla infra-orbital-below the orbit (eye socket) infra-red-beyond the red end of the spectrum |
| in-, im- |
|
an inseparable prefix indicating a negation; a privative
in-curable-not curable in-sane-without mind, of unsound mind im-maculate-without a spot ir-reducible-not reducible, incapable of being made smaller |
| in-, im- |
|
in, into, inside
in-cision-cutting in, a cut in-cubation-lying in, the latent stage of an infectious disease im-mersion-placing a body under water im-pacted-pressed closely together, immovable |
| extra-, extro- |
|
outside -of, outer side
extra-cellular-outside the cell extra-cranial-outside the skull extra-vasation-a discharge of blood from a vessel into the tissues extro-vert-a person whose interest is turned outward |
| e-, ec-, ex- |
|
out, out of, off, removal
e-jection-act of throwing out e-nucleate-to remove whole ex-tract-something drawn out, extracted ex-udate (from ec+sudate)-sweat out, sweat |
| di-, dis- |
|
an inseparable preposition denoting sundering, apart; sometimes negative
di-gestion-carrying (food) away, digestion dis-infectant-freeing from infection, an agent that disinfects dis-location-displacement (of a bone) dis-sect-cut apart, cut up |
| de- |
|
down, downward; sometimes a privative
de-ciduous-not permanent, temporary de-composition-decay, putrefaction de-mentia-without mind, mental deterioriation de-odorant-taking odor away |
| contra- |
|
against, opposed
contra-ception-against conception contra-indication-rendering a particular treatment undesirable contra-stimulant-opposing stimulation contra-toxin-against toxin |
| co-, con- |
|
with, together
co-agulation-changing into a clot con-cussion-a violent shock col-lapse-extreme prostration com-press-pressed together, a compressed pad |
| circum- |
|
around, about
circum-cision-cutting around circum-flex-bent around circum-ocular-around the eye circum-oral-around the mouth |
| bi-, bis- |
|
twice, double
bi-carbonate-a salt having two elements of carbonic acid bi-cuspid-having two points bi-lateral-pertaining to both sides bis-axillary-pertaining to both armpits (axilla) |
| ambi-, ambo- |
|
both, on both sides
ambi-dextrous-able to use both hands ambi-valent-having power in both directions ambo-ceptor-accepting both, a substance in the blood ambo-sexual-bisexual, affecting both sexes |
| ad- |
|
to, toward
ad-hesion-sticking to ad-renal-near the kidney, adrenal gland ac-cretion-accumulation ap-pendix-hanging upon |
| a-, ab-, abs- |
|
away from, off
a-vulsion-tearing away ab-ductor-leading away ab-oral-away from the mouth abs-tract-a condensation |
| vesica |
| bladder |
| vermis |
| worm |
| venter |
| belly |
| vena |
| vein |
| vas |
| vessel |
| valva |
| valve |
| vagina |
| sheath |
| uterus |
| womb |
| ulcus |
| ulcer |
| tussis |
| cough |
| tunica |
| garment |
| tonsilla |
| pointed pole |
| tergum |
| back |
| talus |
| ankle |
| tabes |
| wasting |
| sudor |
| sweat |
| succus |
| juice |
| stimulus |
| goad |
| spina |
| thorn |
| semen |
| seed |
| scrotum |
| pouch |
| saliva |
| spittle |
| ruga |
| wrinkle, furrow |
| ren |
| kidney |
| pulmo |
| lung |
| pons |
| bridge |
| pelvis |
| basin |
| pectus |
| chest |
| ovum |
| egg |
| oculus |
| eye |
| nodus |
| knot |
| morbus |
| disease |
| mensis |
| month |
| mens |
| mind |
| manus |
| hand |
| lupus |
| wolf |
| lues |
| plague |
| lingua |
| tongue |
| ligamentum |
| binding |
| lens |
| lentil |
| latius |
| side |
| labium |
| lip |
| ilium |
| flank |
| hernia |
| rupture |
| cutis |
| skin |
| glans |
| gland |
| cortex |
| bark |
| fundus |
| base, bottom |
| corpus |
| body |
| frons |
| forehead |
| cor |
| heart |
| fossa |
| ditch |
| cervix |
| neck |
| cerebrum |
| brain |
| foramen |
| perforation |
| cella |
| chamber |
| fetus |
| embryo |
| caput |
| head |
| femur |
| thigh, thigh bone |
| cancer |
| crab |
| febris |
| fever |
| bucca |
| cheek |
| fascia |
| land |
| bacillus |
| little rod |
| facies |
| face |
| aqua |
| water |
| dens |
| tooth |
| anus |
| ring |
| -uria |
|
(urinate)
hemat-uria-blood in the urine py-uria-pus in the urine |
| -trophy |
|
(trephein; stem, troph-to nourish)
a-trophy-lack of nourishment, wasting of the tissues of the body hyper-trophy-excessive nourishment, overgrowth |
| -tomy |
|
(tom&-incision)
laparo-tomy-incision into the doin (lapara-loin) lobo-tomy--operation on the frontal lobe |
| -thermy |
|
(therm&-heat)
dia-thermy-elevation of temperature by electric current electro-thermy-applying heat by electricity |
| -therapy |
|
(therapeia-treatment)
hydro-therapy-treatment by water physio-therapy-treatment by natural means (air, water, massage) |
| -stomy |
|
(stoma-mouth)
colo-stomy-forming an opening into the colon cysto-stomy-forming an opening. into the bladder |
| -stenoszs |
|
narrowing
cardio-stenosis-narrowing of the heart entero-stenosis-narrowing of the intestines |
| -staxis |
|
dripping, oozing, slow hemorrhage
entero-staxis-bleeding from the intestines epi-staxis-nose bleed |
| -stasis |
|
stoppage, checking
hemo-stasis-arrest of bleeding homeo-stasis-standing still, bodily equilibrium |
| -sclerosis |
|
hardening, induration
arterio-sclerosis-hardening of the arteries arthro-sclerosis-stiffness of the joints |
| -rrhea |
|
(rrhoia-flow)
gono-rrhea-a discharge caused by gonococcus infection leuco-rrhea-white discharge |
| -rrhaphy |
|
(rrhaph&-stitch)
perineo-rrhaphy-suturing of the perineum urethro-rrhaphy-suture of the urethra |
| -rrhagia, -rrhage |
|
(rhegnymi-break forth)
hemo-rrhage-bleeding metro-rrhagia-bleeding from the uterus (metra-uterus) |
| -pyosis |
|
(pyon-pus)
arthro-pyosis-suppuration in a joint nephro-pyosis-suppuration of the kidney |
| -poiesis |
|
making, formation
hemato-poiesis-formation of blood |
| -plegia |
|
(pleg-stroke)
hemi-plegia-half stroke, paralysis of one side of the body para-plegia-paralysis of the lower part of the body |
| -plasty |
|
(plassein-to form; cf. "plastic" surgeon)
entero-plasty-plastic surgery of the intestines rhino-plasty-plastic surgery of the nose (rhis, rhin-nose) |
| -phobia |
|
(phobos-fear)
claustro-phobia-a morbid fear of being in any closed place hydro-phobia-fear of water, rabies |
| -philia |
|
(philein-to like)
hemo-philia-"liking of blood", a disorder marked with hemorrhages |
| -opia |
|
(vision)
ambly-opia-dimness of vision (amblys-dull) my-opia-winking vision, shortsightedness (myein-to wink) |
| -odynia |
|
(odyn&-pain)
acr-odynia-pain in the extremities ot-odynia-pain in the ear |
| -meter |
|
measure, an instrument for measuring
pulsi-meter-instrument to measure the pulse thermo-meter-instrument to measure heat |
| -megalia, E. -megaly |
|
(megas, megal-large)
acro-megalia or acromegaly-enlargement of the extremities spleno-megalia-enlargement of the spleen |
| -mania |
|
madness, uncontrollable impulse
klepto-mania-a pathological impulse to steal megalo-mania-delusion of grandeur |
| -malacia |
|
(malakia-softening)
myo-malacia-softening of muscular tissues osteo-malacia-softening of the bones |
| -logia |
|
(Gr. logos-word, discourse, treatise)
physio-logy-the science which deals with life processes uro-logy-the specialty dealing with the diseases of the urinary organs |
| -lith |
|
(lithos-stone, calculus)
entero-lith-an intestinal calculus hemato-lith-a concretion in the wall of a blood vessel |
| -graph, -graphy |
|
(graphein-to write)
dermo-graph-an instrument for marking or writing on the skin ventriculo-graphy-radiography of the cerebral ventricles |
| -gram |
|
(gramma-writing, drawing)
cardio-gram-the record of the movement of the heart encephalo-gram-a roentgenogram of the brain |
| -esthesia |
|
(aisthesis-feeling, sensibility)
an-esthesia-lack of feeling par-esthesia-an abnormal spontarneous sensation (like itching) |
| -emia |
|
(haima-blood)
an-emia-lack of blood ur-emia-an excess of urea in the blood |
| -ectopia |
|
(ek + topos-out of place)
nephr-ectopia-abnormal mobility of the kidney splen-ectopia-abnormal mobility of the spleen |
| -ectomy |
|
(ektome&-excision)
hyster-ectomy-excision of the uterus thyroid-ectomy-excision of the thyroid-gland |
| -cyte |
|
(kytos-cell)
erythro-cyte-red blood corpuscle lympho-cyte-lymph corpuscle |
| -clasia, -clasis |
|
breaking
arthro-clasia-breaking of a joint, breaking up of adhesions hemo-clasis-breaking up of the red blood corpuscles |
| -cinesia |
|
(kinesis-movement)
cardio-cinesia-movement, action of the heart entero-cinesia-movement of the intestine, peristalsis |
| -cele |
|
(kele-protrusion, tumor, hernia)
hemato-cele-blood cyst hydro-cele-water hernia |
| -asthenia |
|
(asthenes-weak)
mny-asthenia-muscular weakness neur-asthenia-nerve weakness, nervous exhaustion |
| -agogue |
|
(agogos-leader)
galact-agogue-an agent promoting the secretion of milk hypn-agogue-inducer of sleep, hypnotic |
| tele- |
|
distant
tele-neuron-the end neuron tele-pathy-minding-reading from afar |
| palin- |
|
back, backward, again
palin-dromia-a running back, a relapse palin-esthesia-a return of sensation |
| exo- |
|
outside, outward
exo-genous--originating outside exo-gnathion-outside jaw, maxilla |
| eu- |
|
(eu-well, easy)
eu-phoria-bearing oneself well, good health eu-thanasia-easy death |
| di- |
|
(dis-twice)
di-hydric-a chemical compound with two hydrogen atoms di-morphism---existing in two forms |
| xantho- |
|
(xanthos-yellow)
xantho-derm-yellow skin xanth-opsia-yellow vision |
| tachy- |
|
(tachys-fast)
- tachy-cardia---quick heart, rapid action of the heart tachy-pnea-rapid breathing |
| prota- |
|
(protos-first)
proto-plasm-first formed, living matter proto-type-first form, primitive form |
| poly- |
|
(polys-much, many)
poly-pus-many feet poly-uria-excessive urination |
| polio- |
|
(polios-grey)
polio-encephalitis-inflammation of the grey matter of the brain polio-myelitis-inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord |
| pan- |
|
(pas, pan-all, entire)
pan-creas-all flesh, the pancreas gland pan-demic-a disease attacking all |
| paleo- |
|
(palaios-ancient)
paleo-genesis-hereditary transmission of peculiarities paleo-pathology-study of diseases of the prehistoric times |
| oxy- |
|
(oxys-sharp, acid)
oxy-gen-a gaseous element present in acids oxy-lallia-rapid speech |
| ortho- |
|
(orthos-straight, correct)
ortho-dontia-straightening of the teeth ortho-pedics-correction of deformities |
| oligo- |
|
(oligos-little, few)
oligo-phrenia-mental weakness, feeblemindedness oligo-pnea-infrequent respiration |
| neo- |
|
(neos-new, recent, young)
neo-natal-relating to the period immediately succeeding birth neo-plasm-new growth |
| mono- |
|
(monos-alone, single)
mono-nuclear-having a single nucleus mono-plegia-paralysis of one limb |
| micro- |
|
(mikros-small)
micro-be (mikros+bios)-small living thing micro-scope-a viewer of small things |
| meso- |
|
(mesos-middle)
mes-encephalon-midbrain mes-entery-middle intestine |
| melan- |
|
(melas, melan-black)
melan-cholia-black bile, a depressed emotional state melano-sarcoma-a deeply pigmented sarcoma |
| mega-, megal- |
|
(megas, megal-great, large)
mega-colon-dilatation of the large intestine megalo-mania-delusion of grandeur |
| macro- |
|
(makros-long, large)
macro-cephalic-having a large head macro-glossia-enlargement of the tongue |
| leuco- |
|
(leukos-white)
leuco-cyte-white cell, white blood corpuscle leuco-rrhea-white discharge |
| iso- |
|
(isos-equal, like)
iso-thermal-having the same temperature iso-tonia-tonic equality |
| idio- |
|
(idios-one's own, private)
idio-pathic-noting a primary disease, one originating without apparent extrinsic cause idio-syncrasy-one's own mixing, peculiarities of a person |
| homo- |
|
(homos-the same)
homo-lateral-on or relatiftg to the same side homo-sexual-having attraction for the same sex |
| homeo- |
|
(homoios-similar)
homeo-pathy-a special system of therapeutics homeo-stasis--condition of bodily equilibrium; literally "standing still" |
| hetero- |
|
(heteros-other, different, opposite)
hetero-plasty-surgical grafting with tissue derived from another individual hetero-tonia-different, variable tension |
| ecto- |
|
(ektos-outside)
ecto-derm-outer side of the skin ecto-plasm-moulded on the outer side, the outer side of the cytoplasm |
| crypto- |
|
(cryptos-secret, hidden)
crypto-genic-of hidden, obscure origin crypt-orchid-hidden, undescended testis |
| brady- |
|
(bradys-slow)
brady-cardia-abnormal slowness of the heart beat brady-pnea-abnormal slowness of respiration |
| auto- |
|
(autos-.-self)
auto-matism-a condition in which movements are made without conscious exercise of the will aut-opsy-seeing with one's own eyes, post-mortem examination |
| allo- |
|
(allos-other)
allo-cinesis-passive movement, reflex movement all-ergy-a clinical change in the capacity of the organism to react to an infection, hypersensitiveness |
| zoo- |
|
(zoon-a living thing, an animal)
zo6-logy-study of animals zo6-parasite-an animal parasite |
| sphygmo- |
|
(sphygmos-pulse)
sphygmo-graph-an instrument to record pulse beat sphygmo-mano-meter-an instrument for measuring the blood pressure |
| pyr-, pyret- |
|
(pyr-fire, heat, inflammation)
pyr-exia-an acute inflammation pyreto-mania-an uncontrollable desire to incendiarism |
| pyo- |
|
(pyon-pus)
pyo-genic-pus forming pyo-periton-itis-suppurative inflammation of the peritoneum |
| pod- |
|
(pus, pod-foot)
pod-agra-seizure in the foot, gout pod-iatrist-foot practitioner |
| ot- |
|
(us, ot-ear)
oto-myc-osis-a fungus-caused inflammation of the ear oto-rrhea--discharge from the ear |
| ophthalmo- |
|
(ophthalmos-eye)
ophthalmo-gyric-causing eye movements ophthalmo-scope-an instrument to view the eye |
| odont- |
|
(odys, odont-tooth)
odonto-clasis-breaking of tooth odont-orthrosis-straightening of teeth |
| nephro- |
|
(nephros-kidney)
nephro-py-osis-suppuration of the kidney nephro-scler-osis--hardening of the kidney |
| my- |
|
(mys-muscle)
my-asthenia-muscular weakness myo-carditis-inflammation of the muscular wall of the heart |
| morph- |
|
(morph-form)
morpho-logy-the science of structure morpho-genesis-the evolution of form |
| litho- |
|
(lithos-stone)
litho-nephria-stone in the kidney litho-tomy-cutting for stone |
| hyster- |
|
(hystera-uterus)
hyster-ectomy-excision of the uterus hystero-ptosis-prolapse of the uterus |
| hypno- |
|
(hypnos-sleep)
hypn-agogue-inducer of sleep hypno-lepsy-uncontrollable sleepiness |
| hepat- |
|
(hepar, hepat-liver)
hepat-a-trophy-atrophy of the liver hepato-melanosis--dark pigmentation of the liver |
| gastr- |
|
(gaster, stem, gastr-stomach)
gastro-enterology-the medical specialty dealing with diseases of the stomach and intestines gastr-odynia-pain in the stomach |
| entero- |
|
(enteron-the intestine)
enter-ectomy-resection of a segment of the intestine entero-lith-an intestinal calculus |
| derma-, dermat- |
|
(derma-skin)
dema-graph-an instrument for writing on the skin dermato-logy-study of the skin |
| cheir-, chir- |
|
(cheir-hand)
ch(e)iro-practor-a practitioner of manipulation chiro-gnomy-physiognomy of the hand |
| cardi-, cardio- |
|
(kardia-heart)
cardi-a-taxia-irregularity in the action of the heart cardio-gram-recording of the movements of the heart |
| broncho- |
|
(bronchos-gullet)
broncho-cele-windpipe tumor, goiter broncho-pneumonia-inflammation of the bronchi |
| bio- |
|
(bios-life)
bio-logy-the science of living organisms bi-opsy-examination of a tissue excised from the living body |
| anthrop- |
|
(anthropos-man)
anthropo-genesis--origin of man anthropo-metry-measurement of man |
| -ite |
|
a terminal indicating a salt of an acid ending in -ous
phosph-ite-a salt of phosphorous acid sulph-ite-a salt of sulphurous acid |
| -ine |
|
an ending used in the names of alkaloids
hero-ine-alkaloidal ester of morphine morph-ine-alkaloid of opium |
| -in |
|
a termination noting a glucoside
fibr-in (L. fibra-fiber) gelat-in (L. gelatum-congealed) prote-in (Gr. pr6tos-first) |
| -ide |
|
a name for a binary compound containing a non-metallic element
chlor-ide-a compound of chlorine with another element sulph-ide-a compound of sulphur with a base |
| -ate |
|
indicates a salt of a base
phosph-ate-a salt of phosphoric acid sulph-ate-a salt of sulphuric acid |
| -ase |
|
denotes a colloid enzyme
amyl-ase-a starch splitting enzyme (amylon-starch) lip-ase-a fat splitting enzyme (lipos-fat) |
| -sis, -osis |
|
denotes any production or increase (physiological or pathological);
secondarily an invasion and increase of parasites within the organism. It is often interchangeable with -iasis as trichin-osis or trichin-iasis adip-osis-an excessive accumulation of fat rhe-xis (from rheg-sis)-a breaking, a rupture sep-sis-a rotting, putrefaction tubercul-osis-an invasion by the tubercle bacilli |
| -oid |
|
form, appearance; denotes a resemblance to the object designated in the main word
sphen-oid-wedge-shaped (sphen-wedge) typh-oid-like typhus fever (typhos-stupor) thyr-oid-the shieldlike gland (thyreos-shield) |
| -oma generally refers to... |
|
Words ending in -oma are so numerous, referring usually to swelling
or tumor, that this ending is considered equivalent to tumor carcin-oma-a cancerous tumor, a malignant growth granul-oma-a tumor of granulation tissue neur-oma-a tumor formed of nerve cells |
| -ma, -ema, -oma |
|
designates a concrete pathological condition
ec-zema-a boiling out, inflammation of the skin ex-anth-ema-a skin flower, a skin eruption |
| -ize, Gr. -izein |
|
a verbal suffix indicating treatment by means of a special instrument or drug
an-esthet'ize-to take away sensation catheter-ize-to use a catheter hypnot-ize-to put to sleep |
| -itis |
|
originally the adjectival ending -itis used with nosos-disease;
it is now used alone and has acquired the significance of inflammatory disease appendic-itis bronch-itis ot-itis |
| -istis, E. -ist |
|
signifies an agent or doer of the action indicated by the root
anatom-ist--one who cuts up anesthet-ist-one who takes awaX sensation orthodont-ist--one who straightens teeth urolog-ist--one who treats urological disorders |
| -ismos, L. -ismus, E. -ism |
|
denotes a condition
embol-ism-the plugging of an artery or vein (embolos-wedge) hypnot-ism-a condition of artificially induced sleep (hypnossleep) metabol-ism-tissue change (metabol&-change) rheumat-ism-rheumatic fever (rheuma-flux) |
| -ikos, L. -icus, E. -ic |
|
an adjectival termination
an-esthetic-pertaining to anesthesia, a drug producing anesthesia epilept-ic-pertaining to epilepsy hect-ic-irregularly feverish (hexis-habit; orig. meaning habitual) patholog-ic-pertaining to pathology |
| -iasis |
|
signifies a pathological state, condition, or its causation
lith-iasis-formation of calculi (lithos-stone) psor-iasis-a skin disease (ps6ra-itch) trichin-iasis-a disease caused by trichinae infestation |
| ia, Fr. -ie, E. -y |
|
denotes a pathological state or condition
agon-ia-contest, suffering hyster-ia-a chronic neurosis formerly thought to be of uterine causation (hystera-womb) man-ia-madness ophthalm-ia-inflammation of the eye |
| syn-, sym- |
|
with, together, union
syn-drome-running together, an aggregate of symptoms sy-stole (from syn-stole)-contraction, the rhythmic contraction of the heart sym-biosis-living together of two or more organisms sym-ptom-a falling together, a sign |
| pro- |
|
before, forward, in advance
pro-drome-running before, an early symptom pro-geria-before old age, premature aging pro-gnosis-knowing before, forecast pro-phylaxis-advance protection |
| para- |
|
near, alongside, apart from, abnormal
para-noia-abnormal in mind para-plegia-near stroke, paralysis of the extremities par-esthesia-abnormal perception par-otid-beside the ear |
| meta- |
|
after, behind, beyond, change
meta-bolism-change in throwing, tissue change meta-morphosis-change in form meta-stasis--change in position met-encephalon-after the brain, hindbrain |
| hypo- |
|
under, below, insufficient
hypo-chondriac-under the cartilage, an imaginary disease hypo-dermic-under the skin hypo-glyc-emia-low proportion of sugar in the blood hypo-physis-a growth under (the brain), pituitary body |
| hyper- |
|
over, above, -excessive
hyper-emia-excessive blood hyper-thyroidism-symptoms caused by excessive activity of the thyroid hyper-tonic-excessive in tension hyper-trophy-excessive nourishment, overgrowth |
| en-, em- |
|
in, within
en-cephalon-in the head, the brain en-demic-in the people, present in a community em-bolism-thrown in, a plugging of a vessel em-bryo-grown in, fetus |
| ec-, ex- |
|
out, out of, outward
ec-topic-out of place ec-zema-a boiling out, an inflammation of the skin ex-ophthalmos-eye (bulging) out ex-ostosis-bone outside, a bony tumor |
| dys- |
|
bad, difficult, defective
dys-entery-bad intestine dys-pepsia-bad digestion dys-pnea-difficult breathing dys-trophy-bad nourishment |
| dia- |
|
through, across, completely
dia-betes-a going through, syphon, syphon disease dia-gnosis-knowing completely, determination of the nature of a disease dia-rrhea-flowing through, fluid discharge dia-thermy-heat going through, elevation of temperature by means of a current |
| cata- |
|
down, downward
cata-menia-according to month, menses cata-rrh-a flowing down, inflammation of the mucous membrane cata-tonia-a downward tone, stupor cat-hod-downward way, the return goal of an electron |
| apo- |
|
off, away from
apo-physis-a growth away, a projection (from a bone) apo-plexy-a stroke away, a sudden stroke apo-staxis-a trickling down, a slight hemorrhage apo-thecary-a pharmacist (apotheke-a repository) |
| anti- |
|
against, opposed to, opposite of
anti-dote-against a given thing (poison) anti-pyretic-against fever anti-septic-against infection ant-acid-against an acid, neutralizing an acid |
| ana-, an- |
|
up, upward, again
ana-lysis-dissolution, breaking up (of chemical compounds) ana-mnesis-recollection, medical history ana-tomy-cutting up, dissection an-a-phylaxis-renewed loss of protection |
| amphi-, ampho- |
|
on both sides, double
amphi-bious-living on both sides (land and water) amphi-theatre-a place for seeing around, an operating room ampho-diplopia-double vision in both eyes ampho-phil-fond of both, a cell which stains with either acid or dyes |
| a-, an- (before a vowel) |
|
a privative or a negative conveying deficiency, lack or weakness
a-pathy-lack of feeling5 a-tom-indivisible an-emia-lack of blood an-esthesia-lack of sensation |
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