Study Cardiopulmonary (PTA 201) Flash Cards

 
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Cardiopulmonary (PTA 201)

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Name the 4 varables incorporated into an exercise prescription for pulmonary rehab?
-MODE
-INTENSITY
-DURATION
-FREQUENCY
What condition would decrease fremitus?
WHEN AIR IS TRAPPED AS A RESULT OF OBSTRUCTED AIRWAYS
With tactile fremitus, what happens when there is secretions in the lungs?
FREMITUS IS INCREASED
What is tactile fremitus?
THE VIBRATION FELT WHILE PALPATING OVER THE CHEST WALL AS A PATIENT SPEAKS
Name the 4 accessory muscles of expiration?
-RECTUS ABDOMINIS
-INTERNAL OBLIQUE
-EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
-TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
Name the accessory muscles of inspiration?
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
-UPPER TRAPEZIUS
-PECTORALIS MAJOR/MINOR
-SUBCLAVIUS
Name the 3 primary muscles of inspiration?
-DIAPHRAGM
-SCALENES
-PARASTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
Name 4 contraindications associated with postural drainage?
-SEVERE PULMONARY EDEMA
-CHF
-PNEUMOTHORAX
-PULMONARY EMBOLISM
What classification of lung disease is more prone to using a pursed lip breathing pattern?
COPD
Normal respiration rate for infants?
30-50 BREATHS PER MINUTE
What are the two adventitious breath sounds?
-CRACKLES
-WHEEZES
What percent of the residual volume make up the total lung capacity?
20 PERCENT
What is residual volume?
AMOUNT OF AIR LEFT IN THE LUNGS AFTER A MAXIMUM RESPIRATION
RV?
RESIDUAL VOLUME
What percent of the ERV makes up the total lung capacity?
20%
Whatis expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
AMOUNT OF AIR A PERSON CAN EXHALE AFTER NORMAL RESPIRATION
ERV?
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
What percent of tidal volume makes up the total lung capacity?
10%
What is tidal volume?
AMOUNT OF AIR EXCHANGED DURING A RELAXED INSPIRATION FOLLOWED BY A RELAXED EXPIRATION
TV?
TIDAL VOLUME
What percent of the vital capacity makes up the total lung capacity?
80 PERCENT
What is vital capacity?
MAX INSPIRATION FOLLOWED BY MAX RESPIRATION
VC?
VITAL CAPACITY
What percent is the total FRC in normal patients?
40%
FRC?
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY
What is FRC?
THE AMOUNT OF AIR REMAINING IN THE LUNGS AFTER A RESTING EXPIRATION
What is the action of Long-Acting Beta Agonist and Short-Acting Beta Agonist?
BRONCHODILATION
What is the trade name for Short-Acting Beta Agonist?
-ALBUTEROL
-VENTOLIN
What is the trade name for Long-Acting Beta Agonist?
SEREVENT
What is the action of Leukotriene?
BLOCKS ALLERGIC REACTIONS
(BLOCKS LEUKOTRIENES)
What is the action of Steroids?
REDUCES THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
What is the action of Anticholinergic?
BRONCHODILATION
What is the trade name for Leukotriene?
SINGULAIR
What is the trade name of Steroids?
-FLOVENT
-PREDNISONE
What is the trade name of anticholinergic?
ATROVENT
Orthopnea?
SHORTNESS OF BREATH WHILE LYING FLAT
What is the given amount of time for postural drainage?
45-60 MINUTES

(IS QUITE FATIGUING FOR THE PATIENT)
How long can it take for a patient to cough up secretions after a postural drainage treatment?
30 MINUTES TO AN HOUR
How long should you wait in one position if a patients cough is not productive?
5-10 MINUTES
True/False

It is ok to administer postural drainage after a meal?
FALSE
What is the patient position for the superior segments of the right and left lower lobes?
PRONE WITH A PILLOW UNDER THE ABDOMEN TO FLATTEN THE BACK
Where is percussion applied for the superior segments of the right and left lower lobes?
BILATERALLY, DIRECTLY BELOW THE SCAPULA
Where is percussion applied for the right lateral segment of the right and left lower lobes?
0VER THE LOWER LATERAL ASPECT OF THE RIGHT RIB CAGE
Where is percussion applied for the left lateral segment of the right and left lower lobes?
OVER THE LOWER LATERAL ASPECT OF THE LEFT RIB CAGE
Where is percussion applied when draining the middle lobe?
JUST UNDER THE RIGHT BREAST
What is the position and angle of the exam table when draining the middle lobe?
-TRENDELENBERG
-15-30 DEGREES
What side of the lungs is the middle lobe on?
RIGHT SIDE
What is the position and angle of the table when draining the lingula?
-TRENDELENBERG
-15-30 DEGREES
Where is percussion applied for the lingula?
JUST UNDER THE LEFT BREAST
What side of the lungs is the Lingula on?
LEFT SIDE
What is the only postural drainage position that involves a reverse trendelenberg position?
LEFT POSTERIOR SEGMENT FOR THE RIGHT AND LEFT UPPER LOBES
Where is percussion applied for the right posterior segment of the right and left upper lobes?
DIRECTLY OVER THE RIGHT SCAPULA
Where is percussion applied for the left posterior segment of the right and left upper lobes?
DIRECTLY OVER THE RIGHT SCAPULAE
Where is percussion applied for the anterior segments of the right and left upper lobes?
APPLIED BILATERALLY, DIRECTLY OVER THE NIPPLE OF JUST ABOVE THE BREAST
Where is percussion applied for posterior apical segments?
-ABOVE THE SCAPULAE
-FINGERS CURVED OVER THE TOP OF THE SHOULDERS
Where is percussion applied for the anterior apical segments?
DIRECTLY UNDER THE CLAVICLE
What is the purpose of incentive spirometry?
TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF AIR INSPIRED
A form of fentilatory training that emphasized sustained maximum inspirations?
INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY
What is being stretched during lateral costal expansion?
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

(STRETCH IS DURING INSPIRATION)
What should the patient do during diaphragmatic breathing if they are having trouble using the diaphragm?
HAVE THE PATIENT INHALE SEVERAL TIMES USING A SNIFFING ACTION

(THIS ACTION WILL FACILITATE THE DIAPHRAGM)
How many times should a pt perform diaphragmatic breathing before resting?
3-4 TIMES
What is the proper hand placement for diaphragmatic breathing?
RECTUS ABDOMINIS JUST BELOW THE ANTERIOR COSTAL MARGIN
True/False

The diaphragm controlls breathing at an involuntary level?
TRUE
What is the primary muscle for inspiration?
DIAPHRAGM
Hypoxemia?
DECREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IN ARTERIAL BLOOD
Name some forms of COPD?
-PERIPHERAL AIRWAY DISEASE
-CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
-EMPHYSEMA
-ASTHMA
-BRONCHIECTASIS
-CYSTIC FIBROSIS
-BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA.
Describe the appearace of digital clubbing?
AN INCREASE IN THE ANGLE CREATED BY THE DISTAL PHALYNX AND POINT WHERE THE NAIL EXITS FROM THE DIGIT

THE TIP OF THE DISTAL PHALYNX BECOMES BULBOUS
What is digital clubbing a sign of?
ACUTE TISSUE HYPOXIA
Chronic tissue hypoxia will show what sign?
DIGITAL CLUBBING
When does internal respiration begin?
WHEN THE ARTERIAL BLOOD REACHES THE TISSUE LEVEL
What side of the heart does oxygenated blood return to?
LEFT SIDE

(VIA THE PULMONARY VEINS)
True/False

Respiration is the gas exchange that occurs in the body?
TRUE
True/False

Ventilation is the gas exchange that occurs in the body?
FALSE

RESPIRATION
If a patient has COPD and is a chest breathers, what will develop?
A BARREL CHEST
The circumfrence of the upper chest appears to be larger than the lower chest?
BARREL CHEST
What are the normal PH ranges?
7.35-7.45
True/False

Asthma is a form of COPD?
TRUE
Pursed lip breathing?
IS A STRATEGY THAT INVOLVES LIGHTLY PURSING THE LIPS TOGETHER DURING CONTROLLED EXHALATION
True/False

A pt with COPD will have have lower vital capacity?
FALSE

HIGHER
How is vital capacity measured?
MAXIMUM INSPIRATION FOLLOWED BY A MAXIMUM EXPIRATION
What makes up the vital capacity?
TV + IRV + ERV
Vital capacity?
SUM OF THE TV, IRV, AND ERV

MEASURED BY A MAXIMUM INSPIRATION FOLLOWED BY AN MAXIMUM EXPIRATION (APPROX 4500 mL)

DECREASES WITH AGE AND IS LESS IN TEH SUPINE POSITION THAT IN AN ERECT POSTURE (SITTING OR STANDING)

VC DECREASES IN THE PRESENCE OF RESTRICTIVE AND OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES
VC?
VITAL CAPACITY
Represents the point during ventialation at which the forces that expand the thoracic wall are in balance with the forces that tend to collapse the lungs?
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC)
The sum of the ERV and RV?
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY
Functional residual capacity?
THE AMOUNT OF AIR REMAINING IN THE LUNGS AFTER A RESTING (TIDAL) EXPIRATION

(APPROX 2500 mL)

THE SUM OF THE ERV AND RV
FRC?
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY
IC
INSPIRATORY CAPACITY
The maximum amount of air a person can breathe in after a resting expiration?
INSPIRATORY CAPACITY

(APPROX 3500 mL)
Residual volume?
THE AMOUNT OF AIR LEFT IN THE LUNGS AFTER A MAXIMUM EXPIRATION

(APPROX 1500 mL)
RV?
RESIDUAL VOLUME
The amount of air a person can exhale after a normal resting expiration?
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV)

(APPROX 1000 mL)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
THE AMOUNT OF AIR A PERSON CAN BREATHE IN AFTER A RESTING INSPIRATION

(APPROX 3000 mL)
IRV?
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
TV is approx what in a healty young adult?
500 ML PER INSPIRATION

(APPROX 350 mL of the TV reaches the alveoli and participates in gas exchange)
TV?
TIDAL VOLUME
The amount of air exchanged during a relaxed inspiration follow by a relaxed expiration?
TIDAL VOLUME (TV)
The TLC can be subdivided into 4 volumes?
1. TIDAL VOLUME
2. INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
3. EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
4. RESIDUAL VOLUME
Vital capacity + residual volume =?
TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
Total lung capacity?
-TOTAL AMOUNT OF AIR CONTAINED IN THE LUNGS AFTER A MAXIMUM INSPIRATION.

-CONTAINS THE TIDAL VOLUME, INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME, EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME, AND RESIDUAL VOLUME.

-THE VITAL CAPACITY PLUS THE RESIDUAL VOLUME EQUAL THE TLC
Two or more lung volumes are described as a?
CAPACITY
What is the purpose of beta blockers?
LOWERS THE HEART RATE
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