Study Spine (PTA 201) Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Spine (PTA 201)

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For all cervical traction applicantions, the traction force should start at?
3-4 KG (8-10 LBS)
Traction to the cervical spine should not exceed?
13.5KG (30LBS)
Cervical traction (disc problems or stretch soft tissue)?
FORCE: 5-7 KG (11-15LBS)
HOLD/RELAX: 60-20
TIME: 20-30 MINUTES
Cervical traction (decrease muscle spasm)?
FORCE: 5-7 KG (11-15LBS)
HOLD/RELAX: 5/5
TIME: 20-30 MINUTES
Cervical joint distraction?
FORCE: 9-13 KG (20-29LBS) 7% OF PATIENT BODY WEIGHT
HOLD/RELAX: 15/15
TIME: 20-30 MINUTES
Cervical traction: ititial/acute phase?
FORCE: 3-4KG (7-9LBS)
HOLD/RELAX: STATIC
TIME: 5-10 MINUTES
Traction: disc problems or stretch soft tissue?
FORCE: 25% OF BODY WEIGHT
HOLD/RELAX: 60/20
TIME: 20-30 MINUTES
Traction: decrease muslce spasm?
FORCE: 25% OF BODY WEIGHT
HOLD/RELAX: 5/5
TIME: 20-30 MINUTES
Traction: joint distraction?
FORCE: 22.5KG (50LBS) 50% OF BODY WEIGHT
HOLD/RELAX: 15/15
TIME: 20-30 MINUTES
Traction: ititial/acute phase?
FORCE: 13-20KG (29-44 LBS)
HOLD/RELAX: (STATIC)
TIME: 5-10 MINUTES
Contraindications to traction?
-WHERE THE MOTION IS CONTRAINDICATED
-ACUTE INJURY OR INFLAMMATION
-JOINT HYPERMOBILITY OR INSTABILITY
-PERIPHERALIZATION OF SYMPTOMS WITH TRACTION
-UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION
Unilateral or asymmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
DERANGEMENT 3 & 4
Unilateral or asymmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
With leg pain extending below the knee.
DERANGEMENT 5 & 6
Symmetrical or asymmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
7 (DERANGEMENT)

(Deformity of accentuated lumbar lordosis.)
Unilateral or asymmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
With leg pain extending below the knee.
6 (DERANGEMENT)

(DEFORMITY OF SCIATIC SCOLIOSIS)
Unilateral or asymmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
With leg pain extending below the knee.
5 (DERANGEMENT)

(NONE)
Unilateral or asymmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
4 (DERRANGEMENT)

(DEFORMITY OF LUMBAR SCOLIOSIS)
Unilateral or asymmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
THREE (DERANGEMENT)

(WITHOUT DEFORMITY LUMBAR SCOLIOSIS)
Central or symmetrical pain across L4/5.
With or without buttock and/or thigh pain.
TWO (DERANGEMENT)

(DEFORMITY OF LUMBAR KYPHOSIS)
Derangement: Central or symmetrical pain across L4/5.
Rarely buttock or thigh pain.
ONE (DERANGEMENT)

(NONE)
True/False

The outer structures of the annulus are innervated?
TRUE
Structures tested during Adson's test?
THORACIC OUTLET (COMPRESSION OF NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE THORACIC OUTLET; INVOLVES BRACHIAL PLEXUS, SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY AND VEIN)
Test procedure for Bakody's test?
PASSIVELY ABDUCT THE ARM SO THE FOREARM IS RESTING ON THE TOP OF THE HEAD. A DECREASE OR RELIEF IN SYMPTOMS IN THIS POSITION INDICATES HERNIATED DISC OR NERVE ROOT COMPRESSION, USUALLY IN THE C4-5 OR C5-6 REGION.
Structures tested during Bakody's test?
CERVICAL NERVE ROOT RADICULITIS
Structures tested during the soto hall test?
-SPINAL CORD
-FACET CAPSULE
-EXTENSOR MUSCLE
Structures tested during cervical compression?
-CERVICAL RADICULITIS
-FORAMINAL STENOSIS
Structures tested during the slump test?
NEURAL TENSION OR LUMBAR NERVE ROOTS, SCIATIC NERVE, SPINAL CORD
Structures tested during the valsava maneuver test?
TESTS FOR INCREASED INTRATHECAL PRESSURE. (THECA IS THE COVERING AROUND THE SPINAL CORD) (PIA, DURA, ARACHNOID)
What structures are being tested during theBowstring test/cram's test?
SCIATIC NERVE IRRITATION DUE TO DISC PATHOLOGY
Test procedure for Well SLR?
PERFORM A PASSIVE SLR ON THE UNINVOLVED LOWER EXTREMITY. REPRODUCED PAIN ON THE INVOLVED SIDE INDICATES A LARGE DISC PROTRUSION, USUALLY MEDIAL TO THE NERVE ROOT
What structures are being tested with Well SLR test?
NERVE ROOT IRRITATION DUE TO LUMBAR DISC PATHOLOGY
SLR 70-90 degrees?
NO FURTHER DEFORMATION OR NERVE ROOTS; REPRODUCED PAIN IS LIKELY LUMBAR JOINT PAIN
SLR 35-70 degrees?
SCIATIC NERVE TENSES OVER INTERVERTEBRAL DISC PATHOLOGY
SLR test 0-35 degrees?
NO DURAL MOVEMENT; SCIATIC NERVE IS SLACK (SI JOINT, PIRIFORMIS)
S1 reflex?
ACHILLES REFLEX
L5 reflex?
-POSTERIOR TIBIALIS REFLEX
-MEDIAL HAMSTRING REFLEX
L4 reflex?
PATELLAR TENDON
L3 reflex?
PATELLAR TENDON REFLEX (SECONDARY)
L2 reflex?
NO REFLEX AT THIS LEVEL
L1 reflex?
NO REFLEX AT THIS LEVEL
T10 reflex?
ABDOMINAL MUSLCE REFLEX
C7 reflex?
TRICEPS REFLEX
C6 reflex?
-BRACHIORADIALIS REFLEX
-BICEPS REFLEX (SECONDARY)
C5 reflex?
BICEPS REFLEX
Congenital torticollis is a spasm of what muslce?
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Congenital torticollis is more common in?
NEW BORN CHILDREN

(THEORY THAT MUSCLE WAS STRETCHED OR TORN DURING DELIVERY)

(ANOTHER THEORY SUGGEST THAT THE CONDITION DEVELOPS WHILE THE INFANT IS STILL IN THE WOMB)
What kind of bias is ankylosis spondylitis?
EXTENSION BIAS
Leads to loss of mobility in the spine?
ANKYLOSIS
What does chronic spinal inflammation (spondylitis) lead to?
COMPLETE CEMENTING TOGETHER (FUSION) OF THE VERTEBRAE.

(A PROCESS REFERRD TO AS ANKYLISIS)
Chronic spinal inflammtion?
SPONDYLITIS
Ankylosing spondylitis?
FORM OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE SPINE AND THE SACROILIAC JOINTS
S1 myotome?
-ANKLE EVERSION
-PLANTAR FLEXION
-HIP EXTENSION
L5 myotome?
BIG TOE EXTENSION
L4 myotome?
ANKLE DORSI FLEXION
L3 myotome?
KNEE EXTENSION
L1/L2 myotome?
HIP FLEXION
T1 myotome?
FINGER ABDUCTION & ADDUCTION (INTEROSSEI)
C8 myotome?
THUMB EXTENSION
C7 myotome?
ELBOW EXTENSION/WRIST FELXION
C6 myotome?
ELBOW FLEXION/WRIST EXTENSION
C5 myotome?
SHOULDER ABDUCTION
C4 myotome?
SCAPULAR ELEVATION (SHOULDER SHRUG)
What is the best way to stretch and strengthen muscles with scoliosis?
-STRETCH THE TIGHT MUSCLES ON THE CONCAVE SIDE

-STRENGTHEN WEAK MUSCLES ON THE CONVEX SIDE
The most commonly used brace for scoliosis is the?
MILWAUKEE BRACE
A thoracic scoliosis greater than 65 degrees will have a great effect on?
CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION
Classififed as classified as reversible, wherein the lateral curve dissipates with positional changes?
TRUE
True/False

A patient with structural scoliosis will have a decreased lateral curve with trunk flexion?
FALSE

THERE WILL BE NO CHANGE
Lateral scoliosis?
AN IRREVERSIBLE LATERAL CURVE OF THE SPINE WITH FIXED ROTATION OF THE VERTEBRAE.
What is the cause of scoliosis?
IDIOPATHIC (UNKNOWN)
Cardiopulmonary impairments may restrict function?
STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS
Is reversile and can be changed with forward bending and with positional changes such as lying supine, realignment of the pelvic by correction of a leg-length discrepancy, or with muscle contractions?
NONSTRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS
Structural scoliosis?
INVOLVES AN IRREVERSIBLE LATERAL CURATURE WITH FIXED ROATATION OF THE VERTEBRA
Usually involves the thoracic and lumbar regions?
SCOLIOSIS
When can surgery be effective with spondylolisthesis?
PATIENTS WITH LEG SYMPTOMS
True/False

Treatment of spondylolisthesis is usually surgically corrected?
FALSE
True/False

A spondylolisthesis displacement of over 50% is considered high grade?
TRUE
What is the cornerstone in the care of spondylolisthesis?
-AVOIDANCE OF LUMBAR EXTENSION

-APPICATION OF ABDOMINAL MUSCLE STRENGTHENING (TO PROVIDE DYNAMIC SUPPORT FOR THE SPINE DURING ACTIVITY)
A patient with spondylolisthesis is going to experience pain with what motion?
LUMBAR EXTENSION
What will result from a fractured pars interarticularis?
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
Spondylolishtesis?
A FORWARD SLIPPAGE OF ONE SUPERIOR VERTEBRA OVER AN INFERIOR VERTEBRA.

(A RESULT OF INSTABILITY CAUSED BY THE BILATERAL DEFECT IN THE PARS INTERARTICULARIS)
Spondylolysis?
A BONY DEFECT (STRESS FX OR FX) IN THE PARS INTERARTICULARIS OF THE POSTERIOR ELEMENTS OF THE SPINE
True/False

Managment of spinal stenosis focuses of extension exercises?
FALSE

TRUNK FLEXION EXERCISES
Narrowing of the spinal canal which constricts and compresses nerve roots?
LUMBAR STENOSIS
What is the annulus fibrosus supported by?
ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENTS
Classifications of disk herniations?
-PROTRUSION
-EXTRUDED
-SEQUESTRATED
True/Fale

Vertebral disks have a poor healing capacity?
TRUE
Largest avascular structures in the body?
VERTEBRAL DISKS
Symptoms of whiplash?
-NECK STIFFNESS
-INJURIES TO THE MUSCLES AND LIGAMENTS (MYOFACIAL INJURIES)
-HEADACHE AND DIZZINESS (SYMPTOMS OF A CONCUSSION)
-DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING AND CHEWING AND HOARSENESS (COULD INDICATE INJURY TO THE ESOPHAGUS AND LARYNX)
-ABNORMAL SENSATINS SUCH AS BURNING OR PRICKLING (PARASTHESIAS)
-SHOULDER PAIN
-BACK PAIN
What to cervical retraction exercises require the patient to do?
DEMONSTRATE AND MAINTAIN A MIDLINE NEUTRAL POSITION
One of the most commonly recognized postural malalignment syndromes affecting the cervical spine?
FORWARD HEAD
True/False

Axial extension-cervical retraction exercises are strengthening exercises?
FALSE

STRETCHING EXERCISES
Whiplash?
HYPEREXTENSION INJURY OF THE CERVICAL SPINE
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