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Pile Management Card
Vocab

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Brain Plasticity
Damage to one side of brain, other may compensate
Left Hemisphere
Language center so reading and writing
Right Hemisphere
Spatial task, emotional processing and judging of time
Sperry and Gazzaniga
Studied patients with epilepsy, and severed corpus collosums
Cerebral Cortex
2 Hemispheres w/ conta-lateral control
-Connected by Corpus Collosum
HIppocampus
Contains memory of personal events
Amygdala
fear, agression, and defined behaviors
Limbic System
Amygdala, and hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Regulation of eating, drinking, body temperature, and sexual behavior
Thalamus
Relay center which processes sensory input before sending on to cortex
Subcortical structures
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System
Cortex
80% of brain is here
Substantia Nigra
Group of neurons that release dopamine (Implicated in parkinson's disease)
MRI
Magnets that are non-invasive and show structure and function
PET Scan
Function of brain-harmless radioactive glucose
CT Scan
Scans structures of brain/Xray for brain
EEG
Scans overall brain wave activity
Autoreceptors
Structures on presynaptic neuron that suck up neurotransmiters and discard them.
Enzymes
Break down neurotransmitters
Terminal Buttons- What they do
Vesicles rupture and spill out neurotransmitters
Nodes of Ranvier
Allows jumps along axon
Pain/Pleasure
Result in same firing no matter strength of stimulus
Refractory period
recovery/rest period
Sodium and Chloride
High concentration outside of the neuron
Action Potential
Electrical signal that moves down the axon
Potassium (Inside)(Negative)
Higher concentration inside neuron
Synapse
small gap between axon of a single neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron
Resting potential
Difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of a neuron
Neural Conductions
electrical part of synapse
Terminal buttons
Filled with neurotransmitters
Axon
1 per neuron- short or 3-4ft
What message travels along
Soma
Cell body which decides what to do with messages
Dendrites
Detect messages
Myelin Sheath/glial cell
helps with transmission
Transmission
1 neuron talking to another
Interneurons
between sensory and motor neurons
-communicates through electrochemical process known as conduction
Motor Neurons
response to stimulus
Sensory Neurons
Eyes, Ears, Skin
Neurons
200 billion
-Sensory,Motor,Interneurons
-Composed of Dendrites, Soma, Axon, and Terminal buttons
Parasympathetic(Autonomic)
Calms us down after emergencies
Sympathetic nervous system (Autonomic)
arouses us in emergencies
Autonomic(PNS)
Automatic processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
Somatic (PNS)
neurons go to brain and to muscles to initiate movement
Periferal Nervous System
Controls all processes that the CNS does not.
Central Nervous System
Controls brain, spinal cord, and reflexes
Frontal Lobe
Higher level of cognitive thinking.
-Motor skills, memory, planning and personality
Parietal Lobe
Processes sense of touch
-Somatic Sensory Cortex
Temporal Lobe
Auditory information (Wernicke's Area)
Occipital Lobe
Vision/Processing visual information
Hippocampus
Critical for creation and storage of memories
Amygdala
Plays a central role in many emotional processes
Hypothalamus
Regulates body temp, hunger, thirst and sexual behavior
Thalamus
Relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the info to the cerebral cortex
Cerbral Cortex
Outer most layer of brain
Forebrain
highest level of the brain.
-Controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory and motor functions
Tegmentum
Involved in moving and arousal. Orients organism towards sensory stimuli.
Tectum
Orients an organism in the environment
Midbrain
Orients an organism
Pons
Link Between cerebellum and rest of brain
Cerebellum
Controls fine motor skills
Medula Oblongata
Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Respiration
Hindbrain
Information in- and out of spinal cord
Patterns of activation
Look at groups of neurons which are firing
Antagonists
Bind at sites incompletely-block firing
Agonists
Bind at same receptor sites and cause firing
SSRI's
Selective Seratonin Reuptake inhibitors
Reuptake
Recycle of neurotransmitters. Vesicles that released neurotransmitters reabsorb them
Autoreceptors
Structures on presynaptic neurons that suck up neurotransmitters and discard them
Endorphines
neuromodulators which are produced in times of stress and exertion and modulate pain
Glutamate
Helps with transmission of message
Norepinephrine
Controls mood arousal and vigilance
GABA
Regulates anxiety

Too much GABA causes Huntington's
Seratonin
Affects sleep, dremaing and general arousal

Too little Seratonin=Pms,Depression, and obesity
Dopamine
Stabliizes brain communication, and helps with movement, perception and emotional expression
Too much=schizophrenia
Too little=Parkinson's
Acetylcholine
Contraction of muscles
Too little=bad memory, alzheimers and bad posture
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