Study BIOL 472 Topic 6 Flash Cards
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Pile Management Card
BIOL 472 Topic 6
BIOL 472 Topic 6
| osseous labyrinth |
|
-cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule (which contains U and S) -all perilymph -The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls -lined with the membranous labyrinth -layer of perilymph between them |
| membraneous labyrinth |
|
-endolymph!! -cochlear ducts, semicircular ducts, utricle/saccule -Within the osseous vestibule, the membranous labyrinth does not quite preserve the form of the bony cavity |
| vestibular apparatus |
| is the nonauditory portion of the inner ear |
| caloric stimulation |
|
-cold or hot water in ear canal -convection moves endolymph -nystagmus reflex generated w/o spinning |
| nystagmus reflex |
|
-rotate body -stop -eyes move opposite direction -horizonatal or vertical -depends on head position -eye jumps quickly to centered position |
| deafness |
|
conduction: problem w/ sound vibration (fused ear bones, ruptured ear drum, ear wax) nerve: damage to hair cells or cochlear nerve |
| motion sickness |
| -utricle/saccule vs. conflicting visual signals |
| otoliths |
| -mineral and protein particles called otoliths are embedded on macula |
| macula |
|
sensory receptors of utricle/saccule -mineral and protein particles called otoliths are embedded on it |
| utricle/saccule |
|
-contain Macula (hair cells) with otoliths -gravity/acceleration forces cause depolarization in those properly orientated -vestibular portion of VIII |
| -ampullaris swelling |
|
: large chamber that contains gelantinous cristae -contain hair cells -as head moves, fluid flows in oppisite direction due to inertia -one side depolarized other ide hyperpolarized -hairs synapse on vestibular branch of VIII |
| semicircular ducts |
|
-3 separates plants -ampullaris swelling: large chamber that contains gelantinous cristae -contain hair cells -as head moves, fluid flows in oppisite direction due to inertia -one side depolarized other ide hyperpolarized -hairs synapse on vestibular branch of VIII |
| organ of corti |
|
-sits on basilar membrane -partially covered by tectorial membrane |
| ossicles |
| -three smallest bones in the human body |
| how to hear via hair |
|
-K+ moves into hair duct -depolarization -Ca++ moves in -neurtransmitter released -stimulates Audiotry nerve VIII |
| sound waves |
|
-deformation of Reissner's and Basilar's membranes -if hair bent in 1 direction, hyperpolarize -in other direction, depolarize -apex of hair exposed to endolymph -base of hair exposed to perilymph |
| hair cells |
|
-inner: 3500 905 innervation sound transduction -outer: 16500 10% innervation alter characteristics of basilar membrane |
| cochlear duct |
|
-inside cochlea -contain 100s organ of Corti for signal transduction -tetorial membrane -hair cells (20,000) |
| membraneous labyrinth |
|
-filled with endolymph -high K+ -3 parts: cochler duct, semicircular ducts, utricle/saccule |
| vestibule |
|
-perilymph -contain utricle and saccule |
| semicircular canals |
|
-perilymph -contain semicircular ducts -connect to the utricl at their bases -orietned at right angles -horzontal, posterior, superior |
| helicotremma: |
|
long basilar membrane; low tension; low frequency sound -connects 2 ducts at end of cochlea -small tip -if stuff goes to the helicotremma, it's low frequency b/c ong soundwaves |
| -scala tympani |
| (w/ round window) (basilar membrane b/c base on bottom) |
| -scala vestibuli |
| (w/ oval window) (Reissner's membrane) |
| cochlea |
|
-perilymph (fluid) -uncoiled, teh cochlea can be seen as 3 long, fluid-filled channels: -scala vestibuli (w/ oval window) (Reissner's membrane) -scala tympani (w/ round window) (basilar membrane b/c base on bottom) -both membranes deform w/ sound waves -base: shorter basilar membrane; high tension; high frequency sound helicotremma: long basilar membrane; low tension; low frequency sound |
| osseous labyrinth |
| -contains cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule |
| Osseous Labyrinth |
|
-bony canals -filled with parilymph (similar to CSF, also extracellular fluid) -contains cochlea, semicircular canals, vastibule -also contains membraneous labyrinth |
| inner ear |
|
-ennervated by cranial nerve VIII -osseous and membraneous labyrinths |
| stapedius |
|
-pulls stapes away from oval window -protects ear from loud sounds |
| tensor tympani muscle |
|
-pulls malleus away from tympanic membrane -protects ear from loud sounds |
| round window |
| -separates fluid-filled cochlea from air-filled middle ear |
| oval window |
|
-attached to stapes -separates fluid-filled cochlea from air-filled middle ear |
| stapes |
|
-stirrup -attached to thin membrane that separates middle ear from inner ear -attached to oval window |
| incus |
|
-anvil -middle bone |
| malleus |
|
-hammer -attached to tympanic membrane |
| 3 bones of middle ear |
|
-malleus -incus -stapes |
| eustachian tube |
|
-pressure equalization -normally collapsed to seal off middle ear -opens transiently to allow ear pressure to equilibriate with atm pressure during chewing, swallowing, yawning -cols/infections can close it up resulting in fluid buildup of middle ear (ear infection if bacteria get in) |
| middle ear |
|
-malleus -incus -stapes -tensor tympanic muslce -stapedius eustachian tubes -oval window -round window |
| tympanic membrane |
|
-ear drum -sound wave transducer -seals ear canal -thin membranous sheet of tissue -separates external from middle ear |
| ear canal or auditory canal |
|
-cartilage and bone -sealed at internal end by tympanic membrane (ear drum) |
| pinna |
|
-important accessory structure -visible part of the ear -directs sound waves to ear -for localization of sound waves |
| external ear |
|
-auricle or pinna -ear canal -tympanic membrane |
| sound |
|
-frequency in Hz -humans: 50-18,000 cycles/sec -dogs: up to 20,000 cycles/sec -bats: up to 100,000 cycles/sec -loudness= intensity (amplitude) measured in decibels (log scale) |
| ear |
|
-for hearing and equilibrium -external, middle, and inner ear -mechano and proprioreceptors |
| mechanoreceptors |
|
-touch, blood pressure, hearing, equilibrium -respond to various forms of mechanical energy -hearing, gravity, acceleration, |
| chemoreceptors |
|
-taste, smell -respond to chemical ligands that bind to the receptors |
| receptor types |
|
-receptors in sensory system vary widely in complexity -special senses have highly specialized receptors -smell receptors= neurons -other four are non-neuron receptors -when activated, release neurotransmitter to initiate AP in sensory neuron -chemo -mechano -thermo -proprio -photo |
| proprioreceptors |
|
-position of muscles, joints -awareness of body movements and position in space -close your eyes and raise your hand, you know your hand is raised |
| photoreceptors |
| sight |
| thermoreceptors |
| -temp |
| visceroreceptors |
| sensory info about internal environment (blood vessels and viscera, pain, thirst, hunger, pressure, nausea) |
| exteroreceptors |
| sensory about external environment (hearing, sight, smell, taste, touch, temp, pain) |
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