Study Elbow Injuries (PTA 102) Flash Cards

 
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Elbow Injuries (PTA 102)

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What wrist extensor inserts into the base of the 2nd metacarpal?
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS
What wrist extensor inserts into the base of the 5th metacarpal?
-EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
What nerve innervates the wrist extensors?
RADIAL NERVE
What bony landmark to the wrist extensors originate from?
LATERAL EPICONDYLE
What muscles extend the wrist?
-ECRB
-ECRL
-ECU
What is the normal lenght of Tx for an ice massage?
5-10 MINUTES
What are the common goals of Tx of tennis elbow?
-DECREASE INFLAMMATION
-DECREASE PAIN
-DECREASE THE BUILD UP OF SCAR TISSUE
-INCREASE FLEXIBILITY IN THE WRIST EXTENSORS
-INCREASE STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE IN THE WRIST EXTENSORS
What deformity is expected with radial head Fx?
GUNSTOCK DEFORMITY
______________ of _____________ is the cornerstone for recovery after radial head fractures?
RESTORATION OF MOTION
What is the capsular pattern of the elbow?
FLEXION > EXTENTION
What duty cycle is suggested for weak muscles?
10 ON/50 OFF
Delayed union?
SLOW TO HEAL
What is the name given to a Fx that is slow to heal?
DELAYED UNION
What joint can become painful as a result from an excision of the radial head?
DISTAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT
What structures are stressed after an excision of the radial head?
DISTAL LIGAMENTOUS RADIAL ARTICULATION
What motion can take months to regain after a type I radial head Fx?
EXTENSION
What type of radial head Fx is treated by excision of the Fx area?
TYPE III
Type IV radial head Fx?
ANY RADIAL HEAD FX WITH ELBOW DISLOCATION
Type III radial head Fx?
A COMMINUTED FX OF THE ENTIRE RADIAL HEAD
Type II radial head Fx?
A MARGINAL FX WITH DISPLACEMENT
Type I radial head Fx?
A NONDISPLACED FX
Tx of olecranon bursitis?
-NSAIDS
-ICE
-COMPRESSION
Aspirate is septic?
OLECRANON BURSITIS (STUDENTS ELBOW)
True/False

Students elbow has a high reoccurrence rate?
TRUE
Olecranon bursitis is painless if what?
IF NOT INFECTED
MOI of olecranon bursitis?
REPETITIVE TRAUMA
Olecranon bursitis is AKA?
STUDENTS ELBOW
Causes of triceps tendonitis?
REPETITIVE EXTENSION
Tx for median nerve compression syndrome?
-REST, MODIFICATION OF TRAINING
-FLEXIBILITY AND STRENGTH
-SURGICAL DECOMPRESSION
Signs and symptoms of medial nerve compression syndrome?
-PAIN TO ANTERIOR FOREARM
-NUMBNESS RADIAL 3 1/2 DIGITS
Causes of median nerve compression syndrome?
-ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHY: CONPRESSION CAUSED BY HYPERTROPHIED MUSLCE (PRONATOR TERES, FDS) OR APONEUROTIC FASCIA

-COMPRESSION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE BY LIGAMENT OF STRUTHERS
Anterior pain with flexion and supination?
BICEPS TENDONITIS
Causes of biceps tendonitis?
OVERUSE DUE TO REPETITIVE OVERLOADING CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE ELBOW FLEXION OR SUPINATION
Signs and symptoms of a biceps rupture?
-PAIN
-WEAKNESS IN FLEXION AND SUPINATION
-TENDERNESS, SWELLING, ECCHYMOSIS
-NO PALPABLE BICEPS TENDON
-DEFORMITY
-SURGERY AND IMMOBILIZATION
This bad habbit will often lead to a biceps rupture?
STEROID USE
Who is most prone to a biceps rupture?
MALES OVER 30 YEAR OLD
Anterior biceps injury occurs _______ proximally and ________ distally?
-97% PROXIMALLY
3% DISTALLY
Ulnar nerve compression is AKA?
TOMMY JOHN SYNDROME
Tx of ulnar nerve compression?
-PROTECT WITH ELBOW PAD
-REST/NSAIDS
-AVOID EXTREME FLEXION AND VALGUS STRESS
-SURGICAL DECOMPRESSION/ANTERIOR TRANSPOSITION
Signs and symptoms of ulnar nerve compression?
-ACHE
-GRIP WEAKNESS
-1 1/2 DIGITS NUMB (NO NECK SYMPTOMS)
Ulnar nerve compression involves?
-TRAUMA
-VALGUS DEFORMITY
-SUBLUXATION
What is the Tx for medial epicondyle stress lesions?
-REST 2-3 WEEKS
-NO THROWING 6-12 MONTHS
-SURGERY IF FRACTURED
Meidal epicondlye stress lesions is AKA?
LITTLE LEAGUER'S ELBOW
Medial epicondyle stress lesions?
-LITTLE LEAGERS ELBOW
-GROWTH PLATE SENSITIVE TO TENSION STRESS
-ACUTE SEVERE MEDIAL PAIN
-TENDERNESS, SWELLING, ECCHYMOSIS
-X-RAY WIDENING OF APOPHYSEAL LINE AND PARTIAL OR COMPLETE SEPERATION
Tx of medial epicondylitis?
-REST
-SPLINTING
-NSAIDS
-CORTICOSTEROIDS
-SURGERY
Posterior extension overload syndrome?
-OLECRANON IMPINGEMENT
-EXCESSIVE TRICEPS TENSILE STRESS
Tx for MCL sprains?
-REST
-NSAIDS
-STRENGTHEN MEDIAL PRONATOR MUSCLES
-SURGERY IF TEAR IS COMPLETE
What are the signs and symptoms of an MCL sprain?
-MEIDAL ELBOW PAIN WITH VALGUS STRESS
-TENDERNESS BELOW MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OVER THE HUMEROULNAR JOINT
Causes of a medial collateral ligament sprain?
-REPETITIVE VALGUS STRESS TENSILE LOADING ON THE MCL RESULTING IN MICROTEARS

-PITCHING, THROWING, AND RACQUET SPORTS
Ligaments are noncontractile and are tested?
PASSIVELY
Medial ligamenteous reconstruction utilizes what?
IPSILATERAL PALMARIS LONGUS
Instability of a joint can lead to?
BONE SPURS
This type of injury is due to a valgus force such as throwing?
MEDIAL LIGAMENTEOUS INJURIES
Treatment for radial head fractures?
-TYPE I & II (CONSERVATIVE)
-TYPE III (SURGICAL)
Varus deforminty?
GUNSTOCK
Radial head fractures can increase what angle?
VARUS ANGLE (GUNSTOCK)
MOI for radial head fractures?
-FALL ON OUTSTRETCHED ARM
-1/3 OF ALL ELBOW FX
Carrying angle for women?
13 DEGREES
Carrying angle for men?
10 DEGREES
How do you treat a posterior interosseous nerve compression?
-REST
-MODIFY TRAINING
-DECOMPRESSION
What are the symptoms of posterior interosseous nerve compression?
-PAIN
-EXTENTION WEAKNESS OF MCP OR THUMB
-NO SENSORY LOSS
The branch of the radial nerve trapped is a result of?
POSTERIOR INTEROSSEUS NERVE COMPRESSION
What is the negative effect of cortisone injections?
CAN WEAKEN THE TENDON
Tx for lateral epicondylitis?
-REST
-NSAIDS
-COUNTERFORCE BRACING
-CORTICOSTEROID INJECTION
-REHABILITATION
-SURGERY
What are the signs of tennis elbow?
-TENDERNESS OVER LATERAL EPICONDYLE
-PAIN INCREASED WITH RESISTED EXTENTION
What are the symptoms of tennis elbow?
-PAIN OVER THE LATERAL EPICONDYLE
-INITIALLY AFTER SPORTS
-CONSTANT PAIN IN THE LATER STAGES
What is the MOI of lateral epicondylitis?
-REPETIVE STRAIN OF THE ECRB TENDON
-OVERLOADING OF THE WRIST EXTENSORS (FAULITY BIOMECHANICS, POOR FITTED EQUIPMENT)
Commonly refered to as tennis elbow?
LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS
What is a major complication with supracondylar fractures?
VOLKMANN'S ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURES
Who is most suspectible to suprocondylar fractures?
CHILDREN
Where do supracondylar fractures occur?
DISTAL 1/3 OF HUMERUS
What kind of injuries exist at the posterior elbow?
-OLECRANON Fx
What kind of injuries exist at the anterial elbow?
-RADIAL HEAD Fx
-SUPERCONDYLAR Fx
What kind of injuries exist at the medial elbow?
-GOLFERS ELBOW (MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS)
-ULNAR NERVE ENTRAPMENT
-MCL SPRAINS
What kind of injuries exist at the lateral elbow?
-LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS (TENNIS ELBOW)
-LCL SPRAINS
Do to close proximity of what, fractures and dislocations can be disastrous?
BRACHIAL ARTERY
The #1 problem with elbow injuries is?
SCAR TISSUE (ARTHROFIBROSIS)
What does immobilization of the elbow joint do?
LEADS TO ARTHROFIBROSIS (SCAR TISSUE)
How many articularitons does the elbow joint have?
3 ARTICULATIONS
This joint offers both stability and mobility?
ELBOW JOINT
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