Study 1011 Test 1 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
1011 Test 1

loading
Growth can catch up after periods of poor nutrition? What is this catching up period called?
Compensatory period
What is the adjusted weight formula? and why is it used?
used because not all animals are weaned at the same age
What are the average times of weaning for pigs sheep and cattle?
21 days, 90 days, and 205 days respectively
What are the 3 ways to measure growth that are common to the animal agriculture industry?
Weight at a specific time such as weaning or puberty
Weight per day of age
Average daily gain
What 3 factors affect growth?
Breed, sex, and Nutrition
What part of live(one word) is where growth is the most rapid?
Puberty
Androgens, what is their function?
sexual dimorphic characteristics such as voice and muscle growth and aggressive behavior, negative feedback loop controls this hormone
What is odd about Thyroxine?
Both too much and too little will decrease growth and lactation, must find a balance
What does Thyroxine do?
contains iodine, increases metabolic rate and affects thermoregulation
What are the functions of oxytocin?
uterine contractions, milk let-down, egg expulsion, and nesting behavior(used therapeutically at parturition in pigs
What can over and under production of growth hormone cause?
Giants and dwarves
What is somatotropin another name for?
Growth hormone
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? Give an example of each
endocrine secrete directly into the blood stream whereas exocrine do not
What is special about pulmonary circulation and placental circulation in reference to arteries and veins?
the arteries and veins switch roles
What is the function of red blood cells? White blood cells? Platelets?
rbcs-carry oxygen
wbcs-fight infection
platelets-clot blood and heal wounds
What 4 things make up blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What are the parts of the Circulatory system?
Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels
Name the 4 chambers of stomachs in the ruminant animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle?
Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum
What is special about the digestive tract of a horse?
enlarged cecum to digest fiber
Name the parts of the digestive system?
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, cecum, colon, anus
What part of the brain is responsible for reflexes such as breathing or swallowing?
Pons and Medulla Oblongata
What does the cerebrum do?
responsible for voluntary muscle control and decision making
What does the brain consist of?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Pons and Medulla Oblongata
Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary? What about the autonomic?
somatic is voluntary, sensory functions
autonomic-is involuntary(automatic) regulation of visceral organs
What part of a neuron carries out signals to the rest of the body?
Axon
What do nerve cells receive stimuli from?
Dendrites
What are nerve cells called?
Neurons
What does the Nervous system consist of?
Central-Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral-somatic and autonomic nerves
What different functions are red and white muscle used for?
red-involved in sustained work
white-quick and explosive movement
Skeletal muscle?
Largest component of red meat in animals
Give 2 examples of smooth muscle?
uterus and intestines
Between skeletal and smooth muscle which one is striated and which one is not?
skeletal is striated
Many organs are composed primarily of ______?
Muscle
Functions of the muscular system?
to permit movement of the skeleton, and act as valves and pumps
What is the function of the ligaments?
connect bones and or organs together
What is the shaft of the bone called?
Diaphysis
What 3 things make up the skeletal system and what are those things made of?
Bones, cartilage, and ligaments,,,, proteins and minerals
What types of specialized glands are contained within the skin?
Sweat and sebacious glands
What are the two layers of skin called? and which is the outer layer?
Dermis and epidermis, epidermis
What are the functions of the skin system?
Protect against infection, regulate temperature, contain nerves, and contains specialized glands
Name all 8 body systems?
Skin, Skeletal, Muscular, Circulatory, Digestive, Respiratory, Nervous, and Urinary
Which produces more calories at a cheaper price? Meat or Grain
Grain
What factors affect consumption of animal products?
Income, population, quality and quantity
Sheep
Arid(dry) areas, Texas
Broilers
Warmtemp, Georgia
Pigs
Corn/grain, Iowa
Dairy cows niche and number 1 state
High Population(shipping is simpler), California
Beef Cows Niche and number 1 U.S. state?
Grassland, Texas
Place this card into pile: