Study Cardiovascular Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Cardiovascular

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Ventricular wall thrombus
a blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces of the thrombus can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions
Ventricular septum
heart tissue that separates the RV and LV
"A VSD"
a ventricular septal defect; a hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix b/w the RV and LV
Ventricular fibrillation
irregular beating of the ventricles; terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion
Valvular vegetation
infection growth on the cardiac valves
U wave
after the T wave; appears infrequently
Tricuspid valve
b/w RA and RV
Tachypnea
increased respiratory rate >20
Tachycardia
fast HR > 100 bpm
SVT
supraventricular tachycardia
Stridor
upper airway noise heard on respiration, common in croup
N-STEMI
a non-segment elevation MI is a heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test
STEMI
ST elevation Myocardial Infarction; when the EKG shows "ST segment elevation" it indicates "an acute MI"; patient needs immediate cardiac catheterization ans cardiac stent placement
Sinoatrial node
"SA node"; originates electrical signal and sends it to the AV node
RV
receives blood from RA
Right bundle branch block
"RBBB"; a block in the electrical conduction through the right bundle; evidenced by presence of "rabbit ears" in leads V1 and V2 on EKG
RA
receives blood from IVC and SVC
Regular rhythm
normal sinus rhythm
Regular rate
a rate that is b/w 60 & 100 bpm
QT interval
amt of time elapsed from beginning of Q wave to beginning of T wave
QRS interval
amt of time elapsed from beginning of Q wave to end of S wave
Pulmonic valve
b/w the RV and the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
artery from the heart to the lungs
Persantine-Thallium test
a test for cardiac disease performed on patients who cannot complete an exercise stress test; injection of persantine and thallium done by the department of nuclear medicine followed by xrays
Pericardium
the sac in which the heart is located; "the heart sac"
Pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation
Pericardiocentesis
procedure where a needle is used to drain fluid from the pericardium; done emergently in cases of pericardial tamponade
Pericardial tamponade
diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally
PVC
pre-ventricular contraction
PR interval
amt of time elapsed from beginning of P wave to beginning of R wave on EKG
PAC
pre-atrial contraction
Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
Myocardium
heart muscle
Myocardial Infarction
diagnosis of dead cardiac muscle tissue that occurs when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed; "had an MI"
Murmur
abnormal heart sound; rated on scale 1-6
Mitral valve
b/w LA and LV
LV
receives blood from LA
Left bundle branch block
"LBBB"; a block in the electrical conduction through the left bundle; evidenced by a wide QRS in lead 1 and V6
LA
left atrium; receives blood from pulmonary veins
JVD
jugular venous distention
Irregular rhythm
not a normal sinus rhythm
Irregular rate
a rate that is more than 100 or less than 60 bpm
Irregularly irregular
usually atrial fibrillation
Gallop
extra heart sound resembling sound of galloping horse
Friction rub
a crunch sound heart over the heart when auscultating; indicates inflammation of the heart sac known as pericarditis
Extra systole
extra beats of the heart
Exercise stress test
a test for cardiac disease performed by having the patient run on a treadmill while hooked up to electrical leads that monitor the electrical activity
Electrical leads
a wire placed at the top of the chest that records electrical activity from a specific area in the heart; up to 12 leads
EKG
measurement of the electrical activity of the heart; measured with a certain number of leads; often, a "3 lead" or a "12 lead"
Electrical cardioversion
cardioverting (returning normal sinus rhythm) the electrical activity of the heart by placing pads onto the chest and literally "electrically shocking" the heart
Ectopy
abnormal beat seen on EKG
Electrocardiogram
ultrasound of the heart
Dilated cardiomyopathy
dysfunctional heart muscle b/c of an enlarged heart
Coronary Artery
an artery that supplies the heart with blood
right coronary artery = RCA
left main coronary artery = "left main"
circumflex coronary artery= "the circ"
left anterior descending= "the LAD"
and others
Complete heart block
a complete block in the electrical conduction at the AV node; the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other
Cardiomyopathy
dysfunctional heart muscle
Cardiomegaly
enlarged heart
Cardiac Stent
a device that is deployed into a blocked coronary artery in order to open it and restore blood flow
Cardiac Ischemia
decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depression on the EKG
Cardiac Catheterization
an invasive test for heart disease performed in "the cath lab" by a cardiologist who inserts an angiocatheter into a large artery (ie the fermoral artery or the brachial artery) and advances it up the aorta and into coronary arteries
Cardiac Angiogram
xray image of the coronary vessels that stand out when dye is injected into them during a cardiac catheterization; done by a cardiologist using fluoroscopy in the cath lab
Bradycardia
slow HR < 60 bpm
Axis
the direction of the vector of the cardiac electrical activity
Atriventricular node (AV node)
receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricular bundles: the right bundle and the left bundle
Atrila septum
heart tissue that separates the RA and LA
Atrial septal defect "An ASD"
hole in the atrial septum that causes blood to mix b/w the RA and LA
Atrial flutter
irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter" with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block
Atrial fibrillation
irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm; "a fib"
Aortic valve
a heart valve b/w the LV and the ascending aorta
Aortic rupture
diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection; ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma
Aortic dissection
diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart
Aortic aneurysm
diagnosis of enlarged aorta; due to weakened aortic wall
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