Study Vertebral Column Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Vertebral Column

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Describe supraspinous igaments?
-SPANS TIP TO TIP OF SPINOUS PROCESS
-C7 TO SACRUM
-PROXIMALLY IS THE LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE
-LESS PROMINENT INLUMBAR REGION SECONDARY TO BLUNT SPINESTENDON AND FASCIA ATTACHMENT
-TAUT IN FLEXION, LAX IN EXT, WEAK OVERALL
Describe interspinous ligaments?
-BASE OF ONE SPINE PROCESS TO ANOTHER MOSTLY IN THE LUMBAR SPINE
-FAIRLY WEAK
-TAUT IN FLEXION, LAX IN EXT
Describe the ligamentum flavum?
-SPANS LAMINAE TO LAMINAE OF ADJACENT VERT
-SOME FIBERS REINFORCE FACET JOINT CAPSULES
-THICK ELASTIC LIGAMENT ALLOWS FOR FACET JOINT MOBILITY
-FIBER ORIENTATION IN MULTIPLE DIRECTIONS
-TAUT IN NEUTRAL, TENSION INCREASES IN FLEXION
-MAINTAINS COMPRESSION FORCE ON DISK CREAKING INCREASED INTRADISKAL PRESSURE RISE
AKA (Yellow ligament)?
LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM
Describe the posterior longitudinal ligament?
-VERY THIN AND NARROW INSIDE THE VERTICAL FORAMEN
-SPANS FROM C2 TO SACRUM
-ATTACHED TO THE POST ANNULUS NOT THE VERT BODIES
-REINFORCES THE POST ANNULUS IN THE MIDDLE, BUT NOT LATERALLY
-COMPRESSED IN EXTENSION, TAUT IN FLEXION
Describe the anterior longitudinal ligament?
-VERY THICK AND WIDE
-C2 TO SACRUM LONGITUDINAL ORIENTATION
-STRONG ATTACHMENT TO SPINE
-2X THE STRENGTH OF THE PLL
Describe the intertransverse ligaments?
-TRANSVERSE PROCESS TO TRANSVERSE PROCESS LEFT AND RIGHT

-LUMBAR REGION PREDOMINATE

-CHECK REINS FOR LAT FLEXION
True/False

Thoracolumbar fascia plays a role in stabilizing the spine?
TRUE
What muscles are considered spine stabilizers?
-DEEP ROTATORS
-MULTIFIDUS
-PARASPINAL
-ABDOMINALS
Laminae + laminae=
SP
What is the convex/concave relationship of the atlanto occipital joint?
CONCAVE=C1
CONVEX=CONDYLE OF OCCIPUT
When does the posterior atlanto occipital membrane become taut?
FLEXION
When does the atlanto occipital membrane become taut?
EXTENSION
How much lateral flexion does the atlanto occipital joint have?
5 DEGREES
How much flexion/extension does the atlanto occipital joint have?
5 DEGREES FLEXION
10 DEGREES EXTENSION
What ligaments make up the zyapophyseal joints?
-LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM
-ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
-POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
-INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENTS
-SUPROSPINOUS LIGAMENTS
-INTERTRANSVERSE LIGAMENTS
What ligaments make up the atlanto occipital joint?
-ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL MEMBRANE
-POSTERIOR ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL MEMBRANE
What is the closed packed position of the atlanto occipital joint?
EXTENSION
What is the closed packed postion of the zyapophyseal joints?
EXTENSION
What kind of motions can the zyapophyseal joints do?
-FLEXION/EXTENSION
-CERVICAL ROTATION
-CERVICAL LATERAL FLEXION
How much cervical lateral flexion ROM is in the zyapophyseal joints?
35 DEGREES
How much rotation ROM are in the zypophyseal joints?
45 DEGREES
How much flexion/extension are in the zypophyseal joints?
-FLEXION 35 DEGREES
-EXTENSION 70 DEGREES
What kind of joints are the zyapophyseal joints?
PLANE JOINTS
What vertebrae does the zyapophyseal joints make up?
C2-C7
The intertranverse ligaments are taut with what motion?
CONTRALATERAL LATERAL FLEXION
The supraspinous ligaments are taut with what motion?
FLEXION
The interspinous ligaments are taut with what motion?
FLEXION
The posterior longitudinal ligament is taut with what motion?
FLEXION
The anterior longitudinal ligament is taut with what ligament?
EXTENSION
The ligamentum flavum is taut with what motion?
EXTENSION
What are the actions of the scalenes?
-BILATERAL FLEXION OF THE NECK (ANTERIOR & MIDDLE)

-UNILATERAL LATERAL FLEXION
What are the actions of the splenius capitis?
-BILATERAL EXTENSION OF THE HEAD AND NECK

-UNILATERAL LATERAL FLEXION OF THE HEAD AND NECK
-IPSILATERAL ROTATION OF THE HEAD AND NECK
What are the actions of the Rectus Abdominis?
-FLEXION OF THE TRUNK
-POSTERIOR PELVIC TILT
What is the function of the external oblique?
-BILATERAL FLEXION OF THE TRUNK
-POSTERIOR PELVIC TILT

-UNILATERAL ROTATION OF THE TRUNK TO THE CONTRALATERAL SIDE
-UNILATERAL LATERAL FLEXION OF THE TRUNK
What is the function of the internal oblique?
-BILATERAL FLEXION OF THE TRUNK
-POSTERIOR PELVIC TILT

-UNILATERAL LATERAL FLEXION OF THE TRUNK
-UNILATERAL ROTATION TO THE IPSILATERAL SIDE
What is the action of the transverse abdominis?
FLEXION OF THE TRUNK
What is the action/s of the Quadratus Lumborum?
-BILATARAL EXTENSION OF THE LUMBAR REGION

-LATERAL FLEXION OF THE TRUNK
What muscles make up the transverospinal muscle?
-MULTIFIDUS
-ROTATORS
-SEMISPINALIS
What muscles make up the spinalis and what muslce group is it apart of?
SPINALIS (THORACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS)

PART OF THE ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES
What muscles make up the longissimus and what group is it apart of?
LONGISSIMUS (THROACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS)

PART OF ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLE GROUP
What muscles make up the iliocostalis and what group is it apart of?
-ILIOCOSTALIS (LOMBORUM, THORACIS, CERVICIS)

PART OF THE ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES
What muscles make up the erector spinae muscles?
-ILIOCOSTALIS
-LONGISSIMUS
-SPINALIS
What muscles make up the Deep Anterior Craniocervical region?
-LONGIS CAPITIS
-LONGIS COLI
-RECTUS CAPITIS ANTERIOR
-RECTUS CAPITIS LATERALIS
Anterior branches from the spinal nerve that innervate the anterior lateral musculature of the trunk and craniocervical regions; also form the cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral plexus?
VENTRAL RAMUS
Posterior branches from the spinal nerve that innervate the deeper posterior musculature of the trunk and craniocervical regions?
DORSAL RAMUS
Composed of dorsal and ventral nerve roots?
SPINAL NERVE
Contains mostly incoming (afferent) dendrites that carry sensory information to the spinal cord from the periphery?
DORSAL NERVE ROOT
Contains primarliy outgoing (efferent) axons that provide motor signals to muscle?
VENTRAL NERVE ROOT
What is the relationship of C1-C7 during retraction?
C1-C2 ARE IN FLEXION
C3-C7 ARE IN EXTENSION
What is the relationship of C1-C7 during protraction?
C1-C2 ARE IN EXTENSION
C3-C7 ARE IN FLEXION
A forward head is observed in what area?
CRANIOCERVICAL REGION
What happens to the intervertebral foramen during flexion and extension
-INCREASES IN FLEXION
-DESCREASES IN EXTENSION
True/False

The anterior longitudinal ligament is taut during extension?
TRUE
What joint in the vertebral column has a convex/concave relationship?
ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT
How much lateral flexion does the intracervical region (C2-C7) have?
35 DEGREES
How much flexion does the atlanto-occipital joint have?
5 DEGREES
How much axial rotation does the intracervical region (C2-C7) have?
45 DEGREES
How much axial rotation does the atlanto-axial joint have?
40-45 DEGREES
How much flexion/extension does the intracervical region (C2-C7) have?
35 DEGREES (FLEXION)
70 DEGREES (EXTENSION)
How much flexion/extension does the atlanto-axial joint have?
5 DEGREES FLEXION
10 DEGREES EXTENSION
How much flexion/extension does the atlanto occipital joint have?
5 DEGREES FLEXION
10 DEGREES EXTENSION
What is the most mobile area of the entire vertebral column?
CRANIOCERVICAL REGION
Anterior longitudinal ligament?
-ADDS STABILITY TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
-LIMITS EXTENSION OR EXCESSIVE LORDISIS IN THE CERVICAL AND LUMBAR REGIONS
Posterior longitudinal ligament?
-STABILIZED THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
-LIMITS FLEXION
-REINFORCES THE POSTERIOR ANNULUS FOBROSUS
What vertebral ligament/s limit extension/excessive lordosis in the cervical and lumbar regions?
ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
What vertebral ligaments limit contralateral flexion?
INTERTRANSVERSE LIGAMENTS
What vertebral ligaments limit flexion?
-LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM
-SUPRASPINOUS
-INFRASPINOUS
Smallest and most mobile of all vefrtebrae?
C1-C7
Where do thoracic and lumbar nerver exit?
BELOW THEIR RESPECTIVE THORACIC OR LUMBER VERTEBRAE
Where to cervical spinal nerves exit?
ABOVE THEIR RESPECTIVE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
Helps provide the disc with nutrition?
VERTEBRAL END PLATE
Composed of 10-20 concentric rings of fibrocartilage that encase the nucleus pulposus?
ANNULUS FIBROSUS
Serves as a hydraulic shock absorber, dissipating and transferring forces between consecutive vertebrae?
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
How much water does the nucleus pulposus contain?
70-90%
Nucleus pulposus?
THE GELATINOUS CENTER OF THE DISC
What are the 3 components of an intervertebral disc?
-NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
-ANNULUS FIBROSUS
-VERTEBRAL END PLATE
These play an important role in absorbing and transmitting compression and shear forces throughout the spinal columng?
INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
Apophyseal joints are commonly referred to as what?
FACET JOINTS
The inferior facets of one vertebra articulate with the superior facets of the vertebra below it, composing what joints?
APOPHYSEAL JOINTS
What is posterior to each vertebra and helps house and protect the delicate spinal cord?
VERTEBRAL CANAL
What structure of the vertebra serves as the primary weight bearing structure throughout the vertebral column?
THE BODY
Located at the base of the skull? (Literally means "large hole".)
FORAMEN MAGNUM
What happens to the vertebra in flexion?
REDUCES THE LORDOSIS IN THE LUMBAR AND CERVICAL SPINE AND INCREASES THE THORACIC KYPHOSIS
What happens to the vertebra in extension?
INCREASES THE LORDOSIS OF THE CERVICAL AND LUMBAR REGIONS AND REDUCES THE THORACIS KYPHOSIS
What parts of the vertebra display a kyphosis?
THORACIC AND SACROCOCCYGEAL
What parts of the vertebra display a lordosis?
CERVICAL AND LUMBAR SPINE
What kind of motions does the cervical, thoracis, and lumbar spine allow?
-FLEXION & EXTENSION (SAGGITAL PLANE)
ROTATION (TRANSVERSE PLANE)
-LATERAL FLEXION (FRONTAL PLANE)
How many vertebra does the vertebral column contain?
33
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