Study Compression (PTA 102) Flash Cards

 
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Compression (PTA 102)

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How long should cpmoression garments be worn?
ALL DAY/EVERY DAY
GOOD FOR 6 MONTHS
True/False

Compression should be greatest distally and gradually decreased proximally?
TRUE
When can intermittent pressure be applied?
INTERMITTENT PRESSURE IS CONTRAINDICATED AFTER TRAUMA
When can static compression be applied?
IMMEDIATELY AFTER TRAUMA
The use of compression should be delayed until the patients serum protein level is?
ABOVE 2 gm/dl
Although peripheral edema is a common symptom of severe hypoproteinemia, what level should the serum protein not drop below?
2 gm/dl
Compression should not be applied if the ABI is?
LESS THAN 80%
Areas of tissue breakdown and necrosis that occur in areas of impaired venous circulation?
VENOUS STASIS ULCERS
Why does the risk of DVT increase when local circulation is reduced?
BECAUSE BLOOD FLOWING SLOWLY CAN COAGULATE AND FORM A THROMBUS
Deep venous thrombosis?
A BLOOD CLOT IN THE DEEP VEINS
How does compression control edema?
BY INCREASING EXTRAVASCULAR HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND PROMOTING CIRCULATION
What is an example of primary lymphedema?
MILROY'S DISEASE
What is primary lymphedema caused by?
CONGENITAL DISORDERS OF THE LYMPHATIC VESSELS.
True/False

Lymphedema is mostly PRIMARY in nature?
FALSE

SECONDARY
Once the lymphatic fluid reenters the circulatory system, what is it processed through?
THE KIDNEYS
Besides the lymph vessels of the right arm, where do lymph vessels of the other areas of the body empty into?
TERMINATE INTO THE THORACIC DUCT AND EMPTY INTO THE LEFT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
Where do the lymph vessels of the right arm terminate into?
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT AND EMPTY INTO THE RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
Where are the lymph nodes found?
-AXILLARY
-THROAT
-GROIN
-PARAAORTIC AREAS
Inflammation of the veins is known as?
PHLEBITIS
What is the most common cause of venous insufficiency?
INFLAMMATION OF THE VEINS
What factors result in peripheral edema?
-LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
-VENOUS OBSTRUCTION
-VALVE DYSFUNCTION
What is the primary factor that ensures lymph moves proximally toward the heart?
MUSLCE CONTRACTION
What are some adverse effects of compression?
-IF EDEMA IS DUE TO ORGAN FAILURE OR CIRCULATORY OBSTRUCTION, COMPRESSION MAY AGGRAVATE THE CONDITION

-IF TOO MUCH COMPRESSION IS USED, IT MAY ACT AS A TOURNIQUET
What are the precautions for the use of intermittent or sequential compression pumps?
-IMPAIRED SENSATION
-UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION
-CANCER
-STROKE OR SIGNIFICANT CASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY
What are the contraindications for the use of intermittent or sequential compression pumps?
-HEART FAILURE/PULMONARY EDEMA
-RECENT OR ACUTE DVT
-OBSTRUCTED LYMPHATIC OR VENOUR RETURN
-SEVERE PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE AND OR ULCER DUE TO ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY (ABI < 80%)
-ACUTE LOCAL SKIN INFECTION
-SIGNIFICANT HYPOPROTEINEMIA
-ACUTE FRACTURE OR OTHER TRAUMA
-ARTERIAL REVASCULARIZATION
Produced by active muscles pushing against an inelastic bandage moving and contracting the muscles?
WORKING PRESSURE
Exerted by elastic when it is put on a stretch?
RESTING PRESSURE
What occurs as a result of venous stasis ulcers?
-LACK OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
-VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
-MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION
-POOR TISSUE OXYGENATION AND NUTRITION
-REDUCED LOCAL IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES
-AN ACCUMULATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS

ALL OF THE ABOVE LEAD TO CELL DEATH AND TISSUE NECROSIS
What are the adverse effects of edema?
-RESTRICTIONS OF ROM
-LIMITATIONS IN FUNCTION
-PAIN
-HIGHER RATES OF INFECTION
-CELLULITIS, ULCERATION AND AMPUTATIONS
What is hydrostatic pressure controlled by?
CONTROLLED BY GRAVITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE
How does compression reduce edema?
IT INCREASES EXTRAVASCULAR HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND INCREASES CIRCULATION
How much compression is used for edema control?
30-40 mm Hg
How much compression is used for scar tissue control?
20-30 mm Hg
What are the clinical indications of compression?
-EDEMA (DUE TO VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY) NOT ARTERIAL
-LYMPHEDEMA
-DVT PREVENTION
-VENOUS STASIS ULCERS
-RESIDUAL LIMB SHAPING AFTER AN AMPUTATION
-CONTROL OF HYPERTROPHIC SCARRING
Arterial wounds are normally found where?
BOTTOM OF THE FOOT
What is a good landmark to look for a venous stasis ulcer?
ON THE MEDIAL SIDE OF THE MEDIAL MALEOLOUS
What are the recommended paramaters for the application of intermittent compression if the problem is Edema, DVT prevention, Venous stasis ulcer?
INFLATION/DEFLATION TIME (80-100/25-35) 3:1 RATIO

INFLATTION PRESSURE (mmHg) 30-60 UE
40-80 LE
Intermittent compression produces what kind of effect?
MILKING
What can cause lymphedema?
-LOW ALBUMIN (PROTEIN)
-LYMPHATIC OBSTRUCTION
-ABNORMAL VESSEL DISTRIBUTION
-REDUCED ACTIVITY
True/False

The osmotic pressure that keeps fluid inside the veins normally exceeds that of hydrostatic pressure which pushes fluid out of the veins?
FALSE

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE NORMALLY EXCEEDS THE OSMOTIC PRESSURE
What results in peripheral edema?
-LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
-VALVE DYSFUNCTION
-VENOUS OBSTRUCTION CAN RESULT IN PERIPHERAL EDEMA
What is the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure like an a healthy person?
THEY ARE ALMOST BALANCED
What determines osmotic pressure?
DETERMINDED BY THE CONCENTRATION OF PROTEINS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE VESSELS
What is hydrostatic pressure determinded by?
BY BP AND THE EFFECTS OF GRAVITY
What are the causes of edema?
CAUSED BY INCREASED FLUID IN THE INTERSTITIAL SPACES OF THE BODY.
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