Study Light/Sound Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Light/Sound

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order of the eye
cornea, lens, retina, optic nerve, brain
cones
help you see color
rods
help you see light
farsighted
usually have trouble seeing objects up close
Causes: flatter cornea or shorter eye
the lens focuses the image behind the retina
near sightedness
near sighted eyes can see objects that are close by, but it is hard to see objects far away
Causes: steeper cornea or longer eye
the lens focuses the image in front of the retina
Explain why an image appears upside down on your retina and where the image gets turned right side up
when you see something, the lens focuses an upside down image onto your retina. the retina converts the image to an electrical impulse which is sent up to the brain, via the optic nerve, where the brain turns the image right side up
medium
a substance or material that carries a wave (consists of parts that interact with each other- think of a slinky, each part moves)
wave
a disturbance that travels through air, water, etc. energy is transferred through a wave
pitch
a description of a sound as high or as low, which depends on the frequency of waves
interference
when 2 or more waves arrive at the same place at the same time, they interact in a process called interference
frequency
refers to how often an event occurs. for waves, it refers to the number of cycles that pass an observer in a given amount of time. it is measured in hertz (#or cycles per second)
amplitude
the length from the resting point to a crest OR the resting point to the trough (the larger the amplitude, the higher the intensity)
diffraction
bending of waves around the edge of an object
reflection
the bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a boundary that does not absorb all of the wave's energy
refraction
change of direction or bending of waves (occurs because waves move at different speeds in the different mediums)
Why does the pupil change sizes when the light changes?
the pupil is the hole in the iris. The amount of light needed is controlled by the iris. When it is very bright, the pupil gets smaller. When it is dark, the pupil enlarges to get as much light as possible to be able to see
explain the difference between constructive and destructive interference
Constructive-when multiple waves combine together to create an even bigger wave (crests line up)
Destructive-when multiple waves combine together to disrupt the original wave causing an even smaller wave or mo wave at all (Crests DON'T line up)
during the musical straw activity, why did the shorter straw have a higher pitch?
the tips vibrate at a specific wavelength and frequency based on the length of the straw. If you change the length of the straw, you are changing the wavelength and frequency which changer the pitch
Who uses sonar and why?
-commercial fishing
-cameras to focus
-cars to warn nearby objects
-ultrasonic waves used to clean jewelry, electronic components, and delicate machine parts
-ultrasonic waves used to diagnose medical problems:similar to sonar, can treat medical conditions by destroying unwanted tissue
compression
the part of the wave that is pushed or compressed together
rarefaction
the part of the wave that is spread out
What does sound travel slowest through?
gases
What does sound travel fastest through?
solids
give an example of something that has a frequency that is too low for humans to hear
a hand that is flapping
give an example of something that has a frequency too high for humans to hear at
dog whistle
what frequency range do humans hear at?
20-20,000 Hertz
cochlea
the vibrations move to the snail-shaped cochlea. it has hundreds of nerve fibers which convert the sound into an electrical impulse that is sent to the brain
Hammer, anvil, stirrup
the vibrations hit the middle ear, which consists of three small bones. the hammer, anvil, and stirrup send the vibrations along into the inner ear
Ear drum
the waves hit a lightly stretched membrane called the eardrum. the eardrum vibrates
Ear Canal
the waves move through the ear canal
Outer ear
Sound waves enter the outer ear which acts as a funnel
What is an example of a situation where you might encounter the Doppler Effect?
when a car passes you on the road-the waves are compresses as it moves towards you. they spread out as it moves past you
what is the Doppler Effect?
change in sound or light that occurs whenever there is motion between the source and its observer
Explain how sound is created?
vibrations occur-sound is produced when matter vibrates
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