Study Music Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Music

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riff chorus
repeated phrase over and over
Popular Song Form
A A B A
Chorus Format
5-9 choruses
rubato
stretch time/elastic
32 Bar Song Form
A (8) A (8) B (8) A (8) = one chorus
-B is the "bridge" between the verses
Blues Form
12 bars in each chorus--1-4=tonic chord 1---5-6=subdominant 4---7-8=tonic 1---9=dominant 5---10=subdominant 4---11-12=tonic 1
Ragtime Form
typically AABBACCDD and each part is 16 bars
counterpoint
polyphonic-process of weaving in a 2nd melody
cadenza
flashy solo with lots of technical difficulty, trills, fast notes (show off)
legato
long, flowing
staccato
short
tone cluster
create a cord made up of notes right next to each other (adjacent tones)
common time
4/4 (C)
compound time
6/8, 3/8, 12/8 (basic beat is divided in 3)
simple time
basic beat is divided into 2 parts (3/4)
Recapitulation a.k.a. Restatement
-restates all main themes from exposition but all are in tonic key
-two other possible additions, introduction=slow, coda=the big finish/rousing conclusion
Development a.k.a. Fantasia
-partial restatement of main theme
-key changes
-creative rhythmic and other canges such as dynamics, texture and tone color
Sonata Form
-symphonies, string quartets, and concertos
-fast, slow, fast
-4 movements
Exposition a.k.a. Statement
-first theme: tonic key (male)
--bridge--
-2nd theme: dominant key (female)
-closing theme: dominant key
Sonata-Allegro Form
A B A overall
-1st movement=exposition (statement)
-2nd movement=development (fantasia)
-3rd movement=recapitulation (restatement)
Fugue
-4 voices usually (3-5)-
-main theme-subject, 2nd voiceof this 1st theme is called the answer
-different melody that is a companion called the counter subject
-fragments or new material called episodes (inversion, retrograde, augmentation, diminution)
Theme and Variation
--changing elements of a theme--
basic theme stated, changes in -rhythm -meter -key -tempo -embellishments -diminution -augmentation -harmonic stucture -adding countpoint
--independent piece or movement in a symphony, sonata, or string quartet
Rondo/ Rondeau
A B A C A D A (always returns to the same melody)
three part, ABA, ternary
statement/ contrast/ return
two part, AB, binary
statement/ counterstatement
ritardando
slowing down
accelerando
speeding up
ostinato
pulse
dissonance
unstable, tense, harsh
polyphony
two or more simultaneous melodies ex. box fuges
homophony
one melody and supporting harmony
monophony
one melody ONLY. no harmony
keyboards
organ, piano, harpsichord
percussion
-definite pitch- marimba, celesta, timpani, xylophone, bells, chimes
-indefinite pitch- most drums, gongs, castanets, tambourines
brass
trumpet-cornet, french horn, trombone, tuba, sousaphone-coiled tuba
woodwinds
piccolo, flute, oboe, clarint, english horn, bass clarinet, bassoon, contrabassoon, saxophone, recorder
strings
violin, viola, cello, bass, guitar, harps, lute, mandolin, banjo, ukulele
consonance
stable, restful
polytonality
different parts of orchestra (different instruments) are playing in different keys at the same time
modulation
changing the key (up or down) in a piece of music-part of song
transposition
changing the key for the whole song
arpeggio
running up and down a scale under the melody
broken chord
play parts of 1 chord-a broken up pattern
triad
lowest tone=root up a 3rd, then up another 3rd which =5th
chord
simultaneous sounding of 3 or more pitches/tones
harmony
simultaneous sounding of 2 or more tones--"the accompaniment to melody"
diminution
twice as fast, note values are halved
augmentation
makes melody slower, note values doubled
melodic cadence
rest or pause at end of a phrase
incomplete=comma
complete=period
tonic pitch
1st pitch of a scale
tonality
home base-single pitch, single scale (C scale, triads starting in C)
pentatonic scale
5 notes opposed to 7
chromatic scale
12 pitches pitch--octave
first pitch=tonic pitch
diatonic scale
7 pitches--scala, up and up and up (only white keys)
minor scale system
tonic pitch--whole--half--whole--whole--half--whole--whole
major scale system
tonic pitch--whole--whole--half--whole--whole--whole--half
interval
the distance between two tones
octave
A=440x2---A=880x2---A=1760 with all the notes in between
enharmonic pitches
C#=Db D#=Eb
motive/motif
2 to 8 notes (1 or 2 movements)
melody
succesion of tones that move through time
syncopation
accents on off beats/weak beats
rubato
speeding up and slowing down
"robbing time"
tempo
how fast/slow (relative)
accents
stress on a particular beat (strong/soft)
measure/bar
always have a given number of beats
mixed meter
4/4 and 3/4 with different instruments
duple, triple, quadruple meter
2, 3, or 4 beats per measure
meter
organizing beats into groups
measures/bars
polyrythm
multiple rhythms combined together
4 main properties of music
pitch, duration, dynamics, tone color
rhythm
pattern of sounds and silences in measured music
beat
basic unit of music a.k.a. pulse
tone color
basic sound created (from different instruments)
dynamics
how loud/soft it is (tone)
duration
how long it lasts (tone)
pitch
highness/lowness of a tone, how many vibrations per second
noise
irregular sound wave/vibratioin
tone
regular sound wave/vibration
music
organized sound in time
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