Study Genetics 2 Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
Genetics 2

loading
in independent assortment (3 things can happen)
1)genes assort independently because they're on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome 2)genes on the same chromosome are completely linked and no independent assortment occurs 3)genes on the same chromosome are incompletely linked
calculating recombination frequencies
# of recombinent progeny
________________________ X 100%
total # of progeny
distances between genes are proportional to
likelihood of recombination
If 2 genes are located close together
less likely to assort independently
if two genes are farther apart
more likely to assort independently because there is a higher chance that recombination will separate them
crossing over can occur
at multiple sites along the chromosome
Principle of Independent Assortment
when alleles separate during meiosis, they do this independently of other alleles at other loci
Principle of Segregation
each diploid (2n) individual has 2 alleles that separate during meiosis such that each gamete will only contain 1 allele
sex-limited characteristics
autosomal genes that are ONLY expressed in one sex
dominant epistasis
when the presence of the dominant allele masks the effects of the other allele
sex-influenced characteristics
autosomal genes that are more likely to be expressed in one sex
Genetic maternal effects
phenotype of offspring determined by genotype of mother
Duplicate Recessive Epistasis
if alleles at either of the 2 loci are recessive (then_____is supressed)
Epistasis
alleles of one gene mask effects of a second gene at a different locus
Multiple Alleles: O
ii (allele i is recessive)
Multiple Alleles: AB
IAIB
Multiple Alleles: B
IBIB or IBi (Alleles A and B are codominant)
Multiple Alleles: A
IAIA or IAi
Blood Donor: AB
Blood Recipient: ?
-AB
Blood Donor: B
Blood Recipient: ?
-B or AB
Blood Donor: A
Blood Recipient: ?
-A or AB
Blood Donor: O
Blood Recipient: ?
-A, B,AB, or O
Antibodies
a type of protein that stimulates an immune response after binding an antigen
Antigens
a substance that causes an immune response if it is foreign to the body
Red Blood Cell type O: antibodies present? antigens present?
-Anti-A and Anti-B
-no antigens
Red Blood cell type AB: antibodies present? antigens present?
-none
-A and B antigens
Red Blood cell type B: antibodies present? antigens present?
-Anti-A
-B antigen
Red Blood cell type A: antibodies present? antigens present?
-Anti-B
-A antigen
multiple alleles can occur at the same________
locus
Place this card into pile: