Study PTA 102 (Pain) Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
PTA 102 (Pain)

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What are steroids used for?
USED AS A VERY POWERFUL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY.
Examples of physical agents?
HOT/COLD/ELECTRICAL STIM
Give some examples of Opiates?
-MORPHINE
-DEMEROL
-CODINE
Function of acetaminophen?
-BLOCKS PAIN FROM ONE NERVE TO ANOTHER

-DOES NOT DECREASE SWELLING
What is the difference between primary and secondary hyperalgesia (to much pain)
PRIMARY- INCREASED RESPONSE TO PERIPHERAL NOXIOUS STIMULI IN THE AREA OF THE INJURY

SECONDARY- INCREASED RESPONSE TO PERIPHERAL NOXIOUS STIMULI OUTSIDE THE AREA OF THE INJURY
Released in the CNS and bind to specific opiate-binding sites in the nervous system?
ENDORPHINS
Opiate
PAIN KILLERS
Nonnocieptor stimulus is transmitted by?
A-BETA NERVES
The severity of pain is determined by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the T cells?
GATE THEORY
RSD?
REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY
Consists of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems?
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
True/False

You should never put heat on an acute injury?
TRUE
Sensitive to high-intensity mechanical stim, but can also respond to heat or cold?
A-DELTA FIBERS
True/False

C Fibers transmit more rapidly than A Fibers?
FALSE

A FIBERS HAVE MYELIN
C FIBERS DON'T
True/False

A-Delta Fibers are unmyelinated?
FALSE
Known as group III afferents?
A DELTA
What kind of stimuli do C Fibers respond to?
-MECHANICAL
-THERMAL
-CHEMICAL
Why do C Fibers transmit action potentials so slowly?
BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO MYELIN
This peripheral nerve pathway is small and unmyelinated?
C FIBERS
Compromise 80% of afferent pain-transmitting fibers?
C FIBERS
What is an example of an endogenous pain source?
-HEART ATTACK
-CANCER
What is an example of a mechanical stimuli?
BRICK FALLING ON A FOOT
String of beads appearance?
NOCICEPTORS
Pain killer mechanism?
OPIOIDS
Associated with physical, psychological and social dysfunction?
CHRONIC PAIN
Continues even after the noxious stimuli are no longer active and when there is no longer any tissue damage or threat of tissue damage?
CHRONIC PAIN
What three advantages to PA's have over other pain modifying interventions?
-LESS SEVERE SIDE EFFECTS
-RISK OF FURTHER INJURY IN MINIMAL
-PATIENTS DO NOT DEVELOP DEPENDENCE ON PA'S.
Local injections are used for what purposes?
For relieving pain with local inflammation.
What is the major difference between NSAIDS and Acetaminophen?
Acetaminophen has no clinically significant anti inflammatory activity.
Name some examples of NSAIDS
-ACETAMINOPHEN
-ASPIRIN
-CELEBREX
Why is the long term use of NSAIDS discouraged?
LONG TERM USE CAN CAUSE GASTROINTESTINAL IRRITATION AND BLEEDING
What are the three modes used to administer medications?
-MOUTH
-INJECTION
-TRANSDERMALLY
Name three pain management approaches commonly used today?
-VISUAL ANALOG SCALE (VAS)
-NUMERIC SCALE
-SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALES
According to the gate theory, what determines whether or not a person perceives pain?
DETERMINED BY THE BALANCE OF EXCITITORY AND INHIBITORY INPUTS TO THE T CELLS IN THE SPINAL CORD.
What are the two theories of pain modulation and control?
-GATE CONTROL THEORY
-THEORY OF ENDOGENOUS OPIATES
Substance P and receptor activation is thought to be a response to what?
-TISSUE INJURY
-STRESS
This is a neurotransmitter mediator that is thought to be involved in the transmission of neuropathic and inflammatory pain?
SUBSTANCE P
Impulses sent via the antero-spinothalamic tract are involved in transmission of more ____________,__________ pain and are thought to have stronger association with the disturbing emotions that accompany the pain sensation.
-PROLONGED
-ACHING
Impulses relayed via the lateral spinothalamic tract are involved in the transmission of ___________ pain and in ________ of the painful stimulus.
-SHARP
-LOCALIZATION
The anterolateral aspect of the spinal cord can carry pain stimuli as well as what?
-TEMP
-TOUCH
The second order pathways that carry pain stimuli are located primarily in the what?
ANTEROLATERAL ASPECT OF THE SPINAL CORD
What determines whether or not an individual feels pain and the severity of the sensation?
THE BALANCE OF THE EXCITORY AND INHIBITORY INPUTS.
What are the two types of nerve fibers that transmit pain to the spinal cord?
-C FIBERS
-A DELTA FIBERS
Define Transduction?
Linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every part of the body.
This theory state that the sensation of pain results from an appropriate frequency or intensity of stimulation of receptors that also respond to other stimuli such as touch, pressure and temperature?
PATTERN THEORY
This theory states that the sensation of pain depends on the stimulation of specialized nerve endings that are specialized for each type of transmission?
SPECIFICITY THEORY
Name the two theories of pain reception and transmission?
-SPECIFICITY
-PATTERN THEORY
Where is pain felt?
DISTANT FROM IT'S SOURCE
What is the most common symptom prompting patients to seek medical attention?
PAIN
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