Study US Politics IDs Chap 14 Flash Cards

 
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US Politics IDs Chap 14

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substantive due process doctrine
DEF: Supreme Court has the power to overturn laws that infringe on individual liberties.
EX: Protections for birth control, abortions, and decisions about how to raise one's children.
SIG: Protects individual liberties mentioned in the 14th Amendment.
reasonable bias test
DEF: The use of evidence to suggest that differences in the behavior of two groups can rationalize unequal treatment of these two groups.
EX: Charging 16-21 yr olds higher prices for insurance than people over 21 because younger people have higher accident rates.
SIG: Provides a good and acceptable reason to discriminate on certain groups.
de facto
DEF: Segregation that occurred on its own and not from laws.
EX: Segregation of schools because of housing patterns.
SIG: Showed that segregation can still occur without any laws forcing it.
de jure
DEF: Segregation that was mandated by law.
EX: Legally enforced segregation of schools in the American South.
SIG: Forced segregation.
"separate but equal"
DEF: The idea that racial segregation was acceptable s long as the separate facilities were of equal quality.
EX: It was okay for blacks and whites to use separate public bathrooms, but the bathrooms had to be equal in cleanliness and quality as one another.
SIG: Allowed blacks to still be segregated, but get equal treatment in public places as whites.
Jim Crow laws
DEF: State and local laws that mandated racial segregation in all public facilities.
EX: Blacks and whites had to used separate public bathrooms.
SIG: Still segregated blacks even though they were equal citizens with the whites.
grandfather clause
DEF: Type of law passed in some southern states forcing citizens to pass literacy tests and other obstacles in order to vote.
EX: As long as a person could read, he could vote.
SIG: A way of preventing blacks from voting.
disenfranchised
DEF: To have been denied the ability to exercise a right.
EX: Denied the right to vote.
SIG: Used as a way to prevent blacks from voting after the Civil War.
Missouri Compromise
DEF: Agreement between pro- and anti-slavery groups passed by Congress in 1820 in an attempt to ease territories by limiting the expansion of slavery while also maintaining a balance between slave states and free states.
EX: The different groups debated for a while on whether to make California a slave state or free state.
SIG: Attempted to ease tensions between North and South, but ultimately made the South frustrated and was one of the factors that led to the Civil War.
civil rights
DEF: Rights that guarantee individuals freedom from discrimination.
EX: Equal protection clause of 14th Amendment; 1964 Civil Rights Act.
SIG: Protect citizens from discrimination both by the government and by individuals.
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