Study A&P Final Flash Cards

 
Pile Management Card
A&P Final

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Response to allergic reactions and parasitic worms?
IgE
Activated B cells
IgD
5-10%, response to blood?
IgM
Mainly found in secretions?
IgA
80%, only antibody that crosses a placenta?
IgG
AKA immunoglobin, proteins produced by certain cells that target a diseased specific antigen?
ANTIBODY
Foreign substance that provokes specific immune response?
ANTIGEN
Bodies response to a pathogen?
FEVER
Reddness, swelling, heat and pain?
INFLAMMATION
Engulfing typed neutrophils and foreign sources?
PHAGOCYTOSES
Lymphocytes that destroys pathogens?
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
Complements immune system with reactions?
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
Inhibit bacterial growth?
TRANSFERONS
Produce protein that interfere with viral replication?
INTERFERONS
Skin and mucous membrane trying to prevent all pathogens from entering the body. Others are saliva, urine and vomit?
INNATE IMMUNITY (NONSPECIFIC)
Two types of immunity?
INNATE IMMUNITY (NON SPECIFIC)
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY (SPECIFIC)
Pathogen?
DISEASE CAUSING AGENT
Immunity or resistance?
THE ABILITY TO WARD OFF DAMAGE OR DISEASE THROUGH OUR DEFENSE
Mechanisms that keep lymph moving?
-SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
-RESPIRATORY PUMP
Functions of the lymphatic system?
-DRAIN EXCESS INTERSITIAL FLUID
-TRANSPORT DIETARY LIPIDS
-CARRIES OUT IMMUNE RESPONSE
Components of the lymphatic system?
-LYMPH
-LYMPHATIC VESSELS
-LYMPHATIC TISSUES
-RED BONE MARROW
-THYMUS
-LYMPH NODES
-SPLEEN
Produced by red bone marrow, WBC's, fibroblasts and endothelial tissue?
CYTOKINE
Attaches the papillary region to the subcutaneous layer?
RETICULAR REGION
4 typed of cells?
1. KERATINOCYTES
2. MELANOCYTES
3. LANGERHANS
4. MERKEL CELLS
Produces keratin?
KERATINOCYTES
Make up about 90% of epidermal cells. The most numerous of the epidermal cells?
KERATINOCYTES
Reduces friction between the layers of the heart?
PERICARDIAL FLUID
Lines inside of the heart and covers valves and tendons that hold valves open?
ENDOCARDIUM
Composed of endothelium and smooth muscle?
ENDOCARDIUM
Plasma?
91.5% WATER
8.5 % SOLUTES
Plasma makes up how much of blood?
55%
Platelets of tightly packed, dead keratinized epidermal cells?
NAILS
Blood has what % of formed elements?
45% BLOOD
42% RBC'S
LESS THAN 1% WBC'S
3% PLATELETS
Pumps blood to body?
L VENTRICLE
AV valve in right side of heart?
TRICUSPID VALVE
AV valve on left side of heart?
BICUSPID VALVE (MITRAL VALVE)
Composed of muscle tissue?
MYOCARDIUM
Middle layer of heart wall?
MYOCARDIUM
Composed of serous tissue and mesothelium, also called visceral epicardium?
EPICARDIUM
Thin outer layer of heart wall?
EPICARDIUM
Pumps blood to lungs?
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Receives blood from superior/inferior vena cava and coronary sinus?
RIGHT ATRIUM
Receives blood from pulmonary veins?
LEFT ATRIUM
Helps to determine touch?
MERKEL CELLS
The medical specialty dealing with diseases of the skin?
DERMATOLOGY
Produce cerumin (ear wax)
CERUMINOUS GLANDS
Modified sweat glands (found in external ear)
CERUMINOUS GLANDS
Layers of the dermis?
-PAPILLARY REGION
-RETIULAR REGION
Come from red bone marrow, help to participate in an immune response?
LANGERHANS CELLS
A pigmented cell located between or beneath cells of the deepest layers of the epidermis that synthesize melanin.
MELANOCYTES
Make up 8% of epidermal cells.
MELANOCYTES
Deep to the shaft and penetrates into the dermis?
ROOT
Superficial part that projects above the hair?
SHAFT
Physical characteristics of blood?
-DENSER & MORE VISCOUS (THICKER)
-38 DEGREES C (100.4 DEGREES F)
PH= 7.35-7.45
-VOLUME: MEN 5-6L
WOMEN 4-5L
Make up about 7% of formed elements and function in clotting?
PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)
An abnormal low number of WBC's (below 1ml)
LEUKOPENIA
Location of the heart?
RESTS IN THE MEDIASTINUM. ABOUT 2/3 LIES TO THE LEFT OF THE BODIED MID LINE.
Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. Allows for vigorous and rapid contractions?
PERICARDIUM
Sequence of responses that stops bleeding?
HEMOSTASIS
Aggregation of platelets at a side where a blood vessel is damaged that helps stop or slow blood loss?
PLATELET PLUS FORMATION
Outer layer, prevents over stretching of heart/anchors heart?
FIBROUS LAYER
Produced by the liver, increases megakaryoblasts?
THROMBOPOIETIN
Prodruced by kidneys, increases proerythroblasts?
ERTHROPOIETIN
Tendon like fibrous cords that connect valves of the heart with papillary muscles?
CHORDAE TENDINAE
-Opens to allow blood flow into the arteries.

-Opens on response to increased pressure?
PULMONARY VALVES
Semilunar valves?
-PULMONARY VALVES
-AORTIC VALVES
Oil gland connected to hair follicles?
SEBACOUS GLANDS
The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
EPIDERMIS
Skin (Cutaneous membrane)
COVERS THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE BODY
Stole?
CONTRACTION
Diastole?
RELAXATION
What are you actually hearing when listening to BP?
VALVES CLOSING
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
-EPICARDIUM
-MYOCARDIUM
-ENDOCARDIUM
Number of heart sounds per cardiac cycle?
4
The integumentary system is compsed of?
-SKIN
-HAIR
-OIL
-SWEAT GLANDS
-NAILS
-SENSORY RECEPTORS
Carries nutrients from gastrointestinal tract to body cells and hormones from endocrine glands to other body cells?
TRANSPORTATION OF BLOOD
Study of blood?
HEMATOLOGY
Functions of blood?
-TRANSPORTATION
-REGULATION
-PROTECTION
Maintain homeostasis of all body fluids. Helps regulate PH, helps adjust body temp?
BLOOD REGULATION
Functions of skin?
-THERMOREGULATION
-BLOOD RESERVOIR
-PROTECTION
-CUTANEOUS SENSATION
-SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN D
One molecule of homoglobin can what?
BIND 4 O2 MOLUCULES
Anatomy of hair?
-SHAFT
-ROOT
-HAIR FOLLICLE
Middle of epidermis, 3-5 layers undergoing uptosis?
GRANULOSUM
Adheres tightly to the surface of the heart?
VISCERAL
Release sweat and perspiration into hair follicle and on the skin?
SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS
.5-1% all WBC's
Intensify of the overall inflammatory response?
BASOPHILS
Fuses to the fibrous pericardium?
PERIETAL
Double inner layer of the pericardium that contains pericardial fluid?

Fluid helps reduce friction?
SEROUS LAYER
Extensions of musculature contract to tighten chordae tendinae?
PAPILLARY MUSCLE
Diving point between heart, arteries and body?
AORTIC VALVE
Branch from ascending aorta?
LEFT AND RIGHT CORONARY ARTERIES
Hematopoietic growth factors?
-ERTHROPOIETIN
-THROMBOPOIETIN
-CYTOKINE
Deepest layer, composed of a single layer of cells?
BASALE
Above stratum basale, composed of 8-10 cell layers?
SPINOSUM
60-70% of all WBC's?
NEUTROPHILS
Phagocytosis, destruction of bacteria with lysozome, strong oxidants, such as superoxide anion. Hydrogen, and hypochloride anion. 60-70% of all WBC's?
NEUTROPHILS
Most superficial, 25-30 layers of flat dead keratinocytes.
CORNEUM
Phagocytosis of certain parocitic worms. 2-4% of WBC's. Involved with allergic reactions.
EOSINOPHILS
Receives blood from great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein and returns it to the right atrium?
CORONARY VEINS(CORONARY SINUS)
3-5 layers of dead keatonytes usually present in skin area?
LUCIDIM
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