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| syllogistic reasoning |
determining whether a conclusion follows from two statements that are assumed to be true |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:36:47 GMT |
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| belief bias |
people's judgement about whether to accept conclusions depend more on how believable the conclusions are than on whether the arguments are logically valid |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:35:44 GMT |
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| theoretical reasoning |
reasoning directed toward arriving at a belief |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:35:44 GMT |
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| practical reasoning |
figuring out what to do, or reasoning directed toward action |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:35:44 GMT |
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| reasoning |
a mental activity that consists of organizing information or beliefs into a series of steps to reach conclusions |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:35:44 GMT |
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| functional fixedness |
the tendency to perceive the functions of objects as fixed |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:33:25 GMT |
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| analogical problem solving |
solving a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution and applying that solution to the current problem |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:33:25 GMT |
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| means-ends analysis |
a process of searching for the means or steps to reduce differences between the current situation and the desired goal |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:33:25 GMT |
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| freqiency format hypothesis |
the proposal that our minds evolved to notice how frequently things occur, not how likely they are to occur |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:33:25 GMT |
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| representativeness heuristic |
a mental shortcut that involves making a probability judgement by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 01:26:15 GMT |
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| conjunction fallacy |
when people think that two events are more likely occur together than either idividual event |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 01:26:15 GMT |
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| algorithm |
a well-defined sequence of procedures or rules that guarantees a solution to be problem |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 01:26:15 GMT |
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| heuristic |
a fast and efficient strategy that may facilitate decision making but does not guarantee that a solution will be reached |
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farahlou9 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 01:26:15 GMT |
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| availability bias |
items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:28:06 GMT |
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| rational choice theory |
the classical view that we make decisions by determining how likely something is to happen, judging the value of the outcome, and then multiplying the two |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:28:06 GMT |
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| exemplar theory |
a theory of categorization that argues that we make category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:28:06 GMT |
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| prototype |
the "best" or "most typical member" of a category |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:15:26 GMT |
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| family resemblance theory |
members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members but may not be possessed by every member |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:15:26 GMT |
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| category-specific deficit |
a neurological syndrome that is characterized by an inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category while leaving the ability to recognize objects outside the category undisturebed |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:15:26 GMT |
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| concept |
a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:15:26 GMT |
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| linguistic relativity hypothesis |
the proposal that language shapes the nature of thought |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:09:51 GMT |
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| aphasia |
difficulty in producing or comprehending language |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:09:51 GMT |
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| genetic dysphasia |
a syndrome characterized by an inability to learn the grammatical structure of language despite having otherwise normal intelligence |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:09:51 GMT |
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| language acquisition device (LAD) |
a collection of processess that facilitate language learning |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:09:51 GMT |
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| nativist theory |
the view that language development is best explained as an innate, biological capacity |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:05:26 GMT |
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| telegraphic speech |
speech that is devoid of function morphemes and consists mostly of content words |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:05:26 GMT |
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| fast mapping |
the fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:05:26 GMT |
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| surface structure |
how a sentence is worded |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:05:26 GMT |
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| deep structure |
the meaning of a sentence |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:02:44 GMT |
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| syntactical rules |
a set of rules that indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:02:44 GMT |
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| morphological rules |
a set of rules that indicate how morphemes can be combined to form words |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:02:44 GMT |
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| grammar |
a set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:02:44 GMT |
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| morphemes |
the smallest meaningful units of language |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 21:59:44 GMT |
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| phonological rules |
a set of rules that indicate how phonemes can be combined to produce speech sounds |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 21:59:44 GMT |
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| phoneme |
the smallest unit of sound that is recognizable as speech rather than as random noise |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 21:59:44 GMT |
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| language |
a system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined according to rules of grammar |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 21:59:44 GMT |
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