| front |
back |
revisions |
lasted changed by |
history |
| Criticisms of LAD |
-no single system of grammar
-does not address "how" LAD works
-ignores rules of environment
-2nd language acquisition into adulthood |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:05:40 GMT |
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| LAD supported by?? |
supported by the orderliness of language development
-milestones reach about the same time in the same order
-critical period- 5-early adolescence |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:04:32 GMT |
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| {Nativist Theory} |
-chomsky
-prewired to learn language
-Language Acquisition Device (innate system inluding rules) |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:04:32 GMT |
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| aphasia |
difficulty in producing or comprehending language |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:04:32 GMT |
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| ..damages to Wernicke's area or Broca's area may cause ?? |
aphasia |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:04:32 GMT |
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{brain's role}
Broca's area |
(frontal lobe)
-language production |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:00:44 GMT |
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{brain's role}
Wernicke's area |
(temporal lobe)
-language comprehension |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:00:44 GMT |
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| Brain's role |
language specific structures in the left hemisphere |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:00:44 GMT |
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{language production}
2-5 years |
language explosion |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:00:44 GMT |
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{language produciton}
18-24 months |
two-word phrases |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:59:13 GMT |
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{language produciton}
18 months |
-vocabulary spurt
-overextension
-underextension |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:59:13 GMT |
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{language produciton}
13 months |
says 1st word |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:59:13 GMT |
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{language produciton}
8-12 months |
use of gestures |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:59:13 GMT |
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{language production}
6 months |
babbling |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:57:50 GMT |
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{language production}
2-4 months |
cooing- quiet, pleasant, repetitive vocalization |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:57:50 GMT |
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{language production}
birth |
crying- infants have different cries to relate different needs |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:57:50 GMT |
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{language comprehension}
12-24 months |
-point to body parts, pictures in books,et.
-follow simple (yet more complex) demands |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:57:50 GMT |
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{language comprehension}
7-12 months |
-recognize many common words
-respond to requests |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:55:37 GMT |
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{language comprehension}
4-6 months |
-respond to change in speaker's tone of voice
-respond to sound (toys, music, tv,..etc)
-by 6 months infants recognize most sounds of their native language |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:55:37 GMT |
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{language comprehension}
birth to 3 months |
-recognize parent's voice
-begin to sort out speech sounds of native language
-soothed by voice |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:55:37 GMT |
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| language production |
-expressive skills
-by 1st grade children have begun to master many of the rules of spoken language |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:55:37 GMT |
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| language comprehension |
-receptive skills (what you understand)
-develops before production |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:51:41 GMT |
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| pragmatics |
social use of language |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:51:41 GMT |
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| syntax |
rules about combining words into sentences (grammar) |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:51:41 GMT |
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| morphology |
how units of meaning (morphemes) make words |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:51:41 GMT |
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| phonology |
-system of governing sounds (phonemes) |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:50:06 GMT |
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| what is language? |
involves the use of symbols-sounds, letters, and gestures
-allows us to communicate with others |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:50:06 GMT |
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| positive side of memory "mindbugs" |
-forgetting may actually be adaptive
-frees our mind of "clutter", unneccessary information
-energy, attention can be given to the formation of new memories and retrieval of previous experiences |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:50:06 GMT |
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| persistence |
unwanted recollection of memories that we can't forget |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:50:06 GMT |
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| egocentric bias |
exaggerate difference to make ourselves look better |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:30:20 GMT |
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| change bias |
exaggerate differences |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:30:20 GMT |
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| consistency bias |
memory fits with current knowledge & feelings |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:30:20 GMT |
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| 3 types of bias |
-consistency bias
-change bias
-egocentric bias |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:30:20 GMT |
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| bias |
distortions of previous experiences produced by current knowledge and beliefs |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:26:20 GMT |
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| memory misattribution |
source memory |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:26:20 GMT |
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| suggestibility |
incorporation of mininformation from external sources into personal recollections |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:26:20 GMT |
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| blocking |
failure to retrieve information that has been stored |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 16:26:20 GMT |
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| absentmindedness |
lapse in attention results in forgetting |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:46:26 GMT |
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| interference |
-retroactive interference
-proactive interference-early learning |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:46:26 GMT |
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| transcience {1} |
-decreasing accessibility of memory over time
-change in quality of memories
-switch from specific memory to general memory
-fill-in-the-blanks
-gradual reconstruction(patchwork quilt) |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:46:26 GMT |
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| seven sins of memory |
*schactor
*memory "mindbugs" give us insight into the normal operation of memory
*"forgetting" vs. "distorted or unwanted memories" |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:46:26 GMT |
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{memory loss}
retrograde amnesia |
*no memory backward- no memory before a traumatic incident
*brain injury to temporal lobes & hippocampus |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:41:47 GMT |
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{memory loss}
anterograde amnesia |
*no memory forward- inability to make new memories
*drug-induced
*damage to hippocampus |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:41:47 GMT |
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| implicit memory |
procedural memory- "knowing how" to do things |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:41:47 GMT |
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| explicit (declarative) memory |
*the repeating of facts or figures
*semantic memory- factual information
*episodic memory- autobiographical (memories in life) |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:41:47 GMT |
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| long-term potentiation (LTP) |
*strengthening of synaptic connections
*heightened activity in NMOA receptors |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:38:01 GMT |
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| long-term memory |
*memory formation causes changes in hippocampus
*formation of new synaptic connections |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:38:01 GMT |
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| age differences |
tend to let unpleasant memories fade faster than pleasant memories as we age -- activation of amygdala equal for positive and negative events for older people, whereas for younger people, it seems too stronger for negative images |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:38:01 GMT |
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| gender differences |
women seem to be more affected by emotional content and thus, may encode emotional experiences differently than men--women are better at remembering emotion memories |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:38:01 GMT |
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| two differences for emotion & memory |
*age differences
*gender differences |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:33:12 GMT |
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| chunking |
combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chuncks that are more easily held in short-term memory |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:33:12 GMT |
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| rehearsal |
the process of keeping information in short-term memory by repeating it |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:33:12 GMT |
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| Storage- strategies for actively using WSTM |
*rehearsal
*chunking |
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farahlou9 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:33:12 GMT |
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What parts of the brain are activated?
-elaborative {semantic}
-organizational
-visual |
-lower left frontal lobe
-upper left frontal lobe
-occipetal lobe |
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farahlou9 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 21:39:48 GMT |
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| organizational encoding |
categorical connections
-conceptual hierarchy
-other relationships |
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farahlou9 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 21:39:48 GMT |
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| Elaborative encoding |
relating new information to knowledge already stored in memory && semantic connections |
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farahlou9 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 21:39:48 GMT |
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visual imagery encoding-
what part of the brain in activated? |
storing information in visual (pictorial) form; the occipital lobe is the part of the brain that is activated |
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farahlou9 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 21:28:28 GMT |
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| memory as an active process of construction influenced by: |
prior knowledge
future knowledge
goals, interests, & desires
emotions |
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farahlou9 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 21:28:28 GMT |
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| memory as a passive recording device |
accurately and reliably records information from environment |
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farahlou9 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 21:28:28 GMT |
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| Memory |
ability to store & retrieve information over time |
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farahlou9 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 21:28:28 GMT |
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