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| states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers |
law of multiple proportions |
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smiley Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:20:51 GMT |
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| a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound |
percent by mass |
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smiley Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:20:51 GMT |
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| states that, regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
law of definite proportions |
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smiley Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:20:51 GMT |
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| a chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and has properties different from those of its component elements |
compounds |
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| a chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups or families) arranged by increasing atomic number |
period table |
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| a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means |
element |
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| a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material |
chromatography |
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| the energy-requiring process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid |
sublimation |
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| a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance |
crystallization |
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| a technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances |
distillation |
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| a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid |
filtration |
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| a uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture |
solution |
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| one that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution |
homogeneous mixture |
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| one that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct |
heterogeneous mixture |
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| a physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties; can be separated by physical means |
mixture |
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| states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved |
law of conservation of mass |
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| a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction |
chemical change |
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| a transition of matter from one state to another |
phase change |
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| a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition |
physical change |
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| the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances |
chemical property |
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| a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present |
intensive property |
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| a physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present |
extensive property |
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| a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition - for example, density, color, taste, hardness, and melting point |
physical property |
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| gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature |
vapor |
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| a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container's entire volume, and is easily compressed |
gas |
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smiley Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:20:50 GMT |
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| a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container |
liquid |
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| a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, is incompressible, and expands only slightly when heated |
solid |
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smiley Wed, 21 Oct 2009 02:20:50 GMT |
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| the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth - most commonly as a solid, a liquid, or a gas |
states of matter |
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